EDGE DETECTION METHOD OF REMOTE SENSING IMAGES BASED ON MATHEMATICAL MORPHOLOGY OF MULTI-STRUCTURE ELEMENTS

This paper puts forward an effective, specific algorithm for edge detection. Based on multi-structure elements of gray mathematics morphology, in the light of difference between noise and edge shape of RS images, the paper establishes multi-structure elements to detect edge by utilizing the grey form transformation principle. Compared with some classical edge detection operators,such as Sobel Edge Detection Operator, LOG Edge Detection Operator, and Canny Edge Detection Operator, the experiment indicates that this new algorithm possesses very good edge detection ability, which can detect edges more effectively, but its noise-resisting ability is relatively low. Because of the bigger noise of remote sensing image, the authors probe into putting forward other edge detection method based on combination of wavelet directivity checkout technology and small-scale Mathematical Morphology finally. So, position at the edge can be accurately located, the noise can be inhibited to a certain extent and the effect of edge detection is obvious.

Quasi-distribution Appraisal about Finite Element Analysis of Multi-functional Structure Made of Honeycomb Sandwich Materials

A new appraisal method（QDA, quasi-distribution appraisal） which could be used to evaluate the finite element analysis of multi-functional structure made of honeycomb sandwich materials is developed based on sub-section Bezier curve. It is established by simulating the distribution histogram data obtained from the numerical finite element analysis values of a satellite component with sub-section Bezier curve. Being dealt with area normalization method, the simulation curve could be regarded as a kind of probability density function（PDF）, its mathematical expectation and the variance could be used to evaluate the result of finite element analysis. Numerical experiments have indicated that the QDA method demonstrates the intrinsic characteristics of the finite element analysis of multi-functional structure made of honeycomb sandwich materials, as an appraisal method, it is effective and feasible.

On the Representation of Multi-layer Woven Structure

A quantitative method is developed to identify the structures of multi-layer woven fabric in this study. Six structural parameters are selected to represent the fabric structure. With some design criteria for the reinforcement of textile composites, the relationships among the structural parameters are derived for different binding patterns of the fabric structure. The conditions, which meet the requirements of structural cell stability,are also discussed.

Pseudo-beam method for compressive buckling characteristics analysis of space inflatable load-carrying structures

This paper extends Le van＇s work to the case of nonlinear problem and the complicated configuration. The wrinkling stress distribution and the pressure effects are also included in our analysis. Pseudo-beam method is presented based on the inflatable beam theory to model the inflatable structures as a set of inflatable beam elements with a prestressed state. In this method, the discretized nonlinear equations are given based upon the virtual work principle with a 3-node Timoshenko＇s beam model. Finite element simulation is performed by using a 3-node BEAM189 element incorporating ANSYS nonlinear program. The pressure effect is equivalent included in our method by modifying beam element cross-section parameters related to pressure. A benchmark example, the bending case of an inflatable cantilever beam, is performed to verify the accuracy of our proposed method. The comparisons reveal that the numerical results obtained with our method are close to open published analytical and membrane finite element results. The method is then used to evaluate the whole buckling and the loadcarrying characteristics of an inflatable support frame subjected to a compression force. The wrinkling stress and region characteristics are also shown in the end. This method gives better convergence characteristics, and requires much less computation time. It is very effective to deal with the whole load-carrying ability analytical problems for large scale inflatable structures with complex configuration.

Numerical Analysis of the Adhesive Forces in Nano-Scale Structure

Nanohairs, which can be found on the epidermis of Tokay gecko＇s toes, contribute to the adhesion by means of van der Waals force, capillary force, etc. This structure has inspired many researchers to fabricate the attachable nano-scale structures. However, the efficiency of artificial nano-scale structures is not reliable sufficiently. Moreover, the mechanical parameters related to the nano-hair attachment are not yet revealed qualitatively. The mechanical parameters which have influence on the ability of adhesive nano-hairs were investigated through numerical simulation in which only van der Waals force was considered. For the numerical analysis, finite element method was utilized and van der Waals force, assumed as 12-6 Lennard-Jones potential, was implemented as the body force term in the finite element formulation.

FH28-105型环形防喷器壳体力学性能分析与结构优化

以FH28-105型环形防喷器壳体为研究对象,结合其不同工况下的不同载荷特点,采用理论计算与有限元方法相结合,得到了壳体在静水试验压力和额定工作压力下的力学行为特性和应力情况,获得其危险部位,并对其进行强度设计评价。通过多目标优化,以减重为目标,同时兼顾壳体的强度以及校核标准,对环形防喷器壳体的结构尺寸进行优化。结果表明:初步设计的环形防喷器壳体强度满足要求,危险部位出现在壳体卡爪槽的圆弧倒角位置处以及壳体内腔下方的倒角过度处;环形防喷器最终优化方案满足强度要求,相比于原结构尺寸,质量和塑性应变的优化幅度最大,分别为19.7%、15.6%,其他目标均获得了不同程度的下降,实现了在保证壳体强度标准的条件下对壳体进行减重优化。

Soller slits automatic focusing method for multi-element fluorescence detector

In X-ray absorption fine structure(XAFS) experiments,Soller slits are widely used as filter devices in order to improve the signal to noise ratio.Performing high accuracy manual focusing operations is a time-consuming process;therefore,this work introduces an automatic focusing method for Soller slits in multi-element fluorescence detectors.This method establishes a relation model between the fluorescence intensity distribution and the coordinates of the fluorescence excitation point.According to this relation model,the actual coordinates of the fluorescence excitation point can be deduced from the detected fluorescence intensity distribution and used in focusing operations.This method has proven to be feasible in an XAFS experiment at the BL14W1 beamline of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility.

Methodology for Comparing Coupling Algorithms for Fluid-Structure Interaction Problems

The multi-physics simulation of coupled fluid-structure interaction problems, with disjoint fluid and solid domains, requires one to choose a method for enforcing the fluid-structure coupling at the interface between solid and fluid. While it is common knowledge that the choice of coupling technique can be very problem dependent, there exists no satisfactory coupling comparison methodology that allows for conclusions to be drawn with respect to the comparison of computational cost and solution accuracy for a given scenario. In this work, we develop a computational framework where all aspects of the computation can be held constant, save for the method in which the coupled nature of the fluid-structure equations is enforced. To enable a fair comparison of coupling methods, all simulations presented in this work are implemented within a single numerical framework within the deal.ii [1] finite element library. We have chosen the two-dimensional benchmark test problem of Turek and Hron [2] as an example to examine the relative accuracy of the coupling methods studied;however, the comparison technique is equally applicable to more complex problems. We show that for the specific case considered herein the monolithic approach outperforms partitioned and quasi-direct methods;however, this result is problem dependent and we discuss computational and modeling aspects which may affect other comparison studies.

激光熔覆FeCrNiMo-WC复合涂层的组织与耐磨性能

采用激光熔覆技术在Q235钢表面制备了WC陶瓷颗粒增强FeCrNiMo-WC多主元合金复合涂层。通过相组成分析、显微结构表征、力学性能测试和摩擦磨损实验等研究了WC含量对涂层组织和耐磨性能的影响。结果表明:涂层主要物相除了FCC+WC以外,还存在网状的共晶组织,由FCC与M6C碳化物相呈层片状交替分布,片层间距约100 nm;随着WC含量的增加,共晶组织体积分数增加,涂层逐渐形成共晶组织+WC陶瓷颗粒的微观组织结构;WC陶瓷颗粒的加入显著提高了涂层的硬度和耐磨性,当WC含量为40 mass%时,涂层硬度为55.9 HRC,此时涂层耐磨性能最好,最小体积磨损率为2.17×10^(-5)mm^(3)/(N·m)。涂层中大颗粒WC以及软硬交替的FCC+M_(6)C共晶体,协同提高了涂层的硬度和强韧性。同时M6C相具有减磨作用,使得涂层摩擦系数逐渐降低,磨损失效形式由粘着磨损向磨粒磨损过渡。

Contribution to Development of Reliability and Optimization Methods Applied to Mechanical Structures

In order to take into account the uncertainties linked to the variables in the evaluation of the statistical properties of structural response, a reliability approach with probabilistic aspect was considered. This is called the Probabilistic Transformation Method (PTM). This method is readily applicable when the function between the input and the output of the system is explicit. However, the situation is much more involved when it is necessary to perform the evaluation of implicit function between the input and the output of the system through numerical models. In this work, we propose a technique that combines Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and Probabilistic Transformation Method (PTM) to evaluate the Probability Density Function (PDF) of response where the function between the input and the output of the system is implicit. This technique is based on the numerical simulations of the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and the Probabilistic Transformation Method (PTM) using an interface between Finite Element software and Matlab. Some problems of structures are treated in order to prove the applicability of the proposed technique. Moreover, the obtained results are compared to those obtained by the reference method of Monte Carlo. A second aim of this work is to develop an algorithm of global optimization using the local method SQP, because of its effectiveness and its rapidity of convergence. For this reason, we have combined the method SQP with the Multi start method. This developed algorithm is tested on test functions comparing with other methods such as the method of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). In order to test the applicability of the proposed approach, a structure is optimized under reliability constraints.

改进非凸估计与非对称时空正则化的红外小目标检测方法

针对复杂背景下的红外小目标检测,在非对称时空正则化约束的非凸张量低秩估计算法基础上,提出了一种新的核范数估计方法代替原算法中的估计方法。提出基于结构张量与多结构元顶帽(Top-Hat)滤波的自适应权重张量对目标张量进行约束,增强目标张量稀疏性的同时抑制其中残存的强边缘结构。实验结果表明,所提改进算法能够更好地消除图像中强边缘结构对检测结果的影响,在保证检测率的情况下,较原算法具有更低的虚警率。

基于有限元分析多件装夹夹具体结构设计研究

为了研究某汽车制动泵缸体件多件装夹夹具体结构刚性,利用UG软件建立多件装夹夹具体模型,通过ANSYS有限元分析比较无拉杆和有拉杆两种夹具体结构变形情况。结果表明,设置拉杆的夹具体结构变形比无拉杆的夹具体结构变形小,可有效地控制装夹变形量。基于此,设计一种对称式多件装夹夹具体,装夹时无需考虑夹具体变形量,只需关注被装夹工件的变形,简化了夹具体整体结构。在多件装夹夹具中,优先采用对称式夹具体结构设计,其次是拉杆式夹具体结构设计。研究结果可为企业设计多件装夹夹具体结构提供参考。

Finite element analysis for general elastic multi-structures

A finite element method is introduced to solve the general elastic multi-structure problem, in which the displacements on bodies, the longitudinal displacements on plates and the longitudinal displacements on beams are discretized using conforming linear elements, the rotational angles on beams are discretized using conforming elements of second order, the transverse displacements on plates and beams are discretized by the Morley elements and the Hermite elements of third order, respectively. The generalized Korn's inequality is established on related nonconforming element spaces, which implies the unique solvability of the finite element method. Finally, the optimal error estimate in the energy norm is derived for the method.

多结构抗噪膨胀-腐蚀型数字灰度图像边缘检测的研究

传统的边缘检测方法对噪声敏感,抑制噪声能力差,经典的形态学边缘检测方法虽然具有较好的去噪能力,但不能反映全部的边缘特性。为此本文提出了一种改进的多结构抗噪膨胀腐蚀型数字灰度图像边缘检测算子。通过仿真结果比较,该算子在检测图像真实边缘和抗噪性能上均优于传统的边缘检测算子。

关于土-结相互作用界面力学行为的数值模拟

根据土 -结 (桩 )相互作用典型的界面力学行为特点——两者相互作用直至剪切破坏的滑动面一般都是在土体一侧内部发生的 ,滑动层的厚薄与土性及结构物表面粗糙度等有关等 ,提出了把二者所谓相互作用的界面在概念上做广义化的处理 ,即泛化为一有限的区域 ,认为结构与土体相互作用的界面应是一个广义的相互作用影响范围而非绝对地仅只限于两者的相互接触界面 ,两者间相互作用的界面行为可近似地通过这有限薄层范围内土体材料的本构行为来模拟 ,从而形成了本文关于土 -结相互作用界面行为的模拟关键实质上可以归结为土体的非线性本构行为及其数值分析途径的研究等观点 。

基于压控电荷源和小波变换自适应算法的主-被动压电振动控制

针对压电被动振动方法中电路参数环境适应能力差、电路复杂和压电主动振动方法需要较高的输入功率问题,提出了一种基于压控电荷源和小波变换自适应算法的振动主-被动控制策略。首先,针对压电片等效电路的特点,设计了压控电荷源电路,并阐述了主-被控制方法的控制原理;对于压控电荷源的控制电压,引入了小波变换自适应算法,提高了系统的自适应能力。最后,基于dSPACE实时仿真系统,利用模拟电路和压电元件,设计并建立了四边固支的压电合金板的主-被动振动控制实验平台,对提出的方法进行了正弦和白噪声激励下的振动控制实验研究。结果表明,提出的方法能够有效的抑制压电合金板结构由于正弦激励引起的单模态和多模态振动,且能有效抑制白噪声激励引起的随机振动。

高架简支箱梁与U梁车-轨-桥耦合振动分析

基于多体动力学与有限元法,利用多体动力学软件Simpack建立箱型梁及U型梁的三维车轨桥耦合振动仿真模型,对列车过桥时箱型梁、U型梁及轨道结构竖向和横向振动进行分析,得到桥梁振动空间分布情况,进一步研究扣件、板下弹性支承与桥梁支座参数对箱型梁和轨道结构的振动规律,并给出各参数的合理取值范围。研究结果表明:列车以80 km/h的速度过桥时,箱型梁与U型梁结构振动空间分布情况差异明显,应重点关注钢轨、轨道板以及箱梁翼板与腹板的竖向振动,U型梁翼缘处横向振动不容忽视;增大扣件刚度能明显减小钢轨变形,但过大的刚度会使箱梁与轨道结构的振动加剧,建议扣件竖向刚度取值为20~50 MN/m;增大板下弹性支承刚度可明显减小轨道板的振动,但过大的刚度会加强钢轨振动,建议板下弹性支承竖向刚度取值为(1.0~1.5)×10~3 MN/m;增大支座竖向刚度在一定范围内可减小轨道板与箱梁的振动,但过大的支座刚度反而会使桥梁振动加剧,不利于减振,建议支座竖向刚度取值为(3~4)×10~3 MN/m。

一种异形支架结构的多目标优化设计方法

以航空发动机润滑油箱在机匣上安装时所采用的成附件安装结构支架为典型代表,具有复杂结构形式的异形支架,要求具有相对较高的刚度和较轻的质量,为此,建立了综合正交试验方法、有限元分析方法和神经网络拟合方法相结合的一种结构动力学特性的优化设计方法,对于具有复杂结构形式的支架结构具有较高的优化设计效率。应用正交试验方法,在支架样件模型的设计变量的可行域内合理地选择零件的解集,使该解集能充分反映优化的目标变量与设计变量之间的关系;使用有限元参数化仿真方法,对选择出的样件模型进行参数化仿真计算,得到解集中每个样件模型对应的优化的目标变量值;基于神经网络拟合方法,基于参数化仿真得到的数据,构建出设计变量与优化目标变量之间的数学模型,并使用多目标优化算法NSGA-Ⅱ进行迭代求解,得到最终优化设计结果;优化样件与初始样件的固有频率相对变化率与仿真计算值基本一致,可以验证支架结构多目标优化设计方法的准确性和有效性。

分层土-箱基-框架结构在爆破地震作用下的计算分析

以野外大比例(1∶2)分层土–箱基–框架结构试验模型的爆破震动试验数据为基础,利用有限元软件ANSYS二次开发语言apdl二次开发,将多次透射公式(MTF)添加到软件中从而实现对无限域的模拟,进而利用整体动力有限元方法研究人工透射边界、箱基周围回填土属性、软弱夹层及地震波主频范围等参数对上部框架动力反应的影响。数值算例与试验结果对比表明:爆破震动作用下,考虑二阶透射边界的数值结果和试验结果吻合较好,能模拟结构的真实动力反应,而固定边界和固基假定的计算结果偏大;箱基埋置深度浅、下卧土层刚度较大时,箱基周围回填土属性对结构反应影响不大;场地土中的软弱夹层对上部结构起到隔振减震的作用;与高频爆破地震波相比,低频地震波所产生的结构加速度反应更大,对结构破坏作用更强;固基假定下的结构反应计算结果在一些特定情况下并不总偏安全。

电阻式柔性触觉传感器的研究与医养健康领域应用现状

近年来,可穿戴智能系统的进步对柔性压力传感器提出迫切的需求。其中,电阻式柔性触觉传感器因其原理简单、易于加工、集成效率高等特点得到了迅速发展。但是,如何实现传感器在宽压力监测范围内,具有高灵敏度仍是研究者们要面临的挑战。为了解决上述问题,除了选择先进的功能材料和合适的衬底材料,优化传感器结构也是一个重要的研究方向。本文立足于传感器件的结构设计,分别介绍了一维的纤维纱线传感器件,基于表面微结构、纳米结构构筑的二维平面传感器件及具有空间结构和高空隙的多维立体结构传感器件,通过以上结构设计实现了传感器件性能的提升,最后分析了其在医养健康领域的实际应用进展。