Influence of earthquake ground motion incoherency on multi-support structures

A linear response history analysis method is used to determine the influence of three factors:geometric incoherency,wave-passage,and local site characteristics on the response of lnulti-support structures subjected to differential ground motions.A one-span frame and a reduced model of a 24-span bridge,located in Las Vegas,Nevada are studied,in which the influence of each of the three factors and their combinations are analyzed.It is revealed that the incoherency of earthquake ground motion can have a dramatic influence on structural response by modifying the dynamics response to uniform excitation and inducing pseudo-static response,which does not exist in structures subjected to uniform excitation.The total response when all three sources of ground motion incoherency are included is generally larger than that of uniform excitation.

Does variable stand structure associated with multi-cohort forests support diversity of ground beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) communities in the central Nearctic boreal forest？

Multi-cohort management （MCM） that retains a range of stand structures （age and size class） has been proposed to emulate natural disturbance and improve management in the Nearctic boreal forest. Although MCM forests contain both single- and multi-aged stands of mixed tree sizes, little is known about how variable stand structure affects associated fauna and biodiversity. Here, we examine the relationship between ground beetle （Coleoptera, Carabidae） communities and stand characteristics across a range of forest structure （=cohort classes）. Given that MCM classes are defined by the distribution of their tree-stem diameters, we ask whether parameters associated with these distributions （Weibull） could explain observed variation in carabid communities, and if so, how this compares to traditional habitat variables such as stand age, foliage complexity or volume of downed woody debris. We sampled carabids using weekly pitfall collections and compared these with structural habitat variables across a range of cohort classes （stand structure and age since disturbance） in 18 sites of upland mixed boreal forests from central Canada. Results showed that richness and diversity of carabid communities were similar among cohort classes. Weibull parameters from the diameter distribution of all stems were the strongest predictors of variation in carabid communities among sites, but vertical foliage complexity, understory thickness, and percentage of deciduous composition were also significant. The abundance of several carabid forest specialists was strongly correlated with tree canopy height, the presence of large trees, and high vertical foliage complexity. Our results demonstrate that variable forest structure, as expected under MCM, may be useful in retaining the natural range of ground beetle species across the central Nearctic boreal forest.

A modified method for simulating non-stationary multi-point earthquake ground motion

A spectral-representation-based algorithm is proposed to simulate non-stationary and stochastic processes with evolutionary power,according to a prescribed non-stationary cross-spectral density matrix. Non-stationary multi-point seismic ground motions at different locations on the ground surface are generated for use in engineering applications. First,a modified iterative procedure is used to generate uniformly modulated non-stationary ground motion time histories which are compatible with the prescribed power spectrum. Then,ground motion time histories are modeled as a non-stationary stochastic process with amplitude and frequency modulation. The characteristic frequency and damping ratio of the Clough-Penzien acceleration spectrum are considered as a function of time in order to study the frequency time variation. Finally,two numerical examples are presented to validate the efficiency of the proposed method,and the results show that this method can be effectively applied to the dynamic seismic analysis of long and large scale structures.

Seismic Response of Base-Isolated Structures underMulti-component Ground Motion Excitation

An analysis of a base-isolated structure for multi-component random ground motion is presented. The mean square respond of the system is Obtained under different parametric variations. The effectiveness of main parameters and the torsional component during an earthquake is quantified with the help of the response ratio and the root mean square response with and without base isolation. It is observed that the base isolation has considerable influence on the response and the effect of the torsional component is not ignored.

Feature Extraction and Classification of Echo Signal of Ground Penetrating Radar

Automatic feature extraction and classification algorithm of echo signal of ground penetrating radar is presented. Dyadic wavelet transform and the average energy of the wavelet coefficients are applied in this paper to decompose and extract feature of the echo signal. Then, the extracted feature vector is fed up to a feed forward muhi layer perceptron classifier. Experimental results based on the measured GPR, echo signals obtained from the Mei shan railway are presented.

Peak earthquake response of structures under multi-component excitations

Accurate estimation of the peak seismic responses of structures is important in earthquake resistant design. The internal force distributions and the seismic responses of structures are quite complex, since ground motions are multidirectional. One key issue is the uncertainty of the incident angle between the directions of ground motion and the reference axes of the structure. Different assumed seismic incidences can result in different peak values within the scope of design spectrum analysis for a given structure and earthquake ground motion record combination. Using time history analysis to determine the maximum structural responses excited by a given earthquake record requires repetitive calculations to determine the critical incident angle. This paper presents a transformation approach for relatively accurate and rapid determination of the maximum peak responses of a linear structure subjected to three-dimensional excitations within all possible seismic incident angles. The responses can be deformations, internal forces, strains and so on. An irregular building structure model is established using SAP2000 program. Several typical earthquake records and an artificial white noise are applied to the structure model to illustrate the variation of the maximum structural responses for different incident angles. Numerical results show that for many structural parameters, the variation can be greater than 100%. This method can be directly applied to time history analysis of structures using existing computer software to determine the peak responses without carrying out the analyses for all possible incident angles. It can also be used to verify and/or modify aseismic designs by using response spectrum analysis.

On time-step in structural seismic response analysis under ground displacement/acceleration

There are two models in use today to analyze structural responses when subjected to earthquake ground motions, the Displacement Input Model （DIM） and the Acceleration Input Model （AIM）. The time steps used in direct integration methods for these models are analyzed to examine the suitability of DIM. Numerical results are presented and show that the time-step for DIM is about the same as for AIM, and achieves the same accuracy. This is contrary to previous research that reported that there are several sources of numerical errors associated with the direct application of earthquake displacement loading, and a very small time step is required to define the displacement record and to integrate the dynamic equilibrium equation. It is shown in this paper that DIM is as accurate and suitable as, if not more than, AIM for analyzing the response of a structure to uniformly distributed and spatially varying ground motions.

Multiband Monopole Antenna with Sector-Nested Fractal

A kind of novel multi-frequency monopole antenna with sector-nested fractal is proposed and designed, which is nested with a series of similar circular sector elements. By means of the trapeziform ground plane with the tapered CPW (coplanar waveguide) feeder in the middle, the antenna’s radiation performance is greatly improved. The antennas can synchronously operate in three frequencies, covering the working frequency bands of WLAN/WiMAX, 2.44 GHz/3.5 GHz/5.2 GHz - 5.8 GHz. The pattern and impedance measurements of antenna show a good performance over the WLAN/WiMAX band;it possesses a near omni-directional characteristic and good radiation efficiency. Moreover, the antenna is miniature and its design idea can be easily applied into other types of nested structure, the features of which make the proposed antenna have a promising application in other fields.

GROUND BOUNCING NOISE REDUCTION TECHNIQUE CONSIDERING WAKE-UP DELAY IN MTCMOS CIRCUITS

Multi-Threshold CMOS(MTCMOS) is an effective technique for controlling leakage power with low delay overhead.However the large magnitude of ground bouncing noise induced by the sleep to active mode transition may cause signal integrity problem in MTCMOS circuits.We propose a methodology for reducing ground bouncing noise under the wake-up delay constraint.An improved two-stage parallel power gating structure that can suppress the ground bouncing noise through turn on sets of sleep transistors consecutively is proposed.The size of each sleep transistor is optimized by a novel sizing algorithm based on a simple discharging model.Simulation results show that the proposed techniques achieve at least 23% improvement in the product of the peak amplitude of ground bouncing noise and the wake-up time when compared with other existing techniques.

Using geospatial technologies to delineate Ground Water Potential Zones(GWPZ)in Mberengwa and Zvishavane District,Zimbabwe

The main objective of the study was to delineate Ground Water Potential Zones(GWPZ)in Mberengwa and Zvishavane districts,Zimbabwe,utilizing geospatial technologies and thematic mapping.Various factors,including geology,soil,rainfall,land use/land cover,drainage density,lineament density,slope,Terrain Ruggedness Index(TRI),and Terrain Wetness Index(TWI),were incorporated as thematic layers.The Multi Influencing Factor(MIF)and Analytical Hierarchical Process(AHP)techniques were employed to assign appropriate weights to these layers based on their relative significance,prioritizing GWPZ mapping.The integration of these weighted layers resulted in the generation of five GWPZ classes:Very high,high,moderate,low,and very low.The MIF method identified 3%of the area as having very high GWPZ,19%as having high GWPZ,40%as having moderate GWPZ,24%as having low GWPZ,and 14%as having very low GWPZ.The AHP method yielded 2%for very high GWPZ,14%for high GWPZ,37%for moderate GWPZ,37%for low GWPZ,and 10%for very low GWPZ.A strong correlation(ρof 0.91)was observed between the MIF results and groundwater yield.The study successfully identified regions with abundant groundwater,providing valuable target areas for groundwater exploitation and highvolume water harvesting initiatives.Accurate identification of these crucial regions is essential for effective decision-making,planning,and management of groundwater resources to alleviate water shortages.

Analysis on the Seismic Response of Soil Slopes Based on the Multi-point Input Method

In general, the seismic response analysis in earthquake engineering assumes that the vibration parameters of the target and the contact surface of the external media are identical,i. e., single point input. However, earthquake energy has an attenuation phenomenon in wave propagation,so a wide range of soil slopes and the external medium contact surface of different input points on motion are not identical. If we consider single point input only, it may not correspond with reality, so it is necessary to carry out research on multi-point input methods. Based on the 2-D slope model,single-point input and multi-point input are performed respectively to analyze and compare their similarities and differences in the perspectives of the characteristics of seismic response of soil layer and plastic zone distribution to provide a reference for the seismic design of slopes. The results show that in the perspective of soil seismic response analysis,the peak acceleration output and peak velocity output under multi-point input are greater than the peak values under single point input at the same monitoring point,the peak appearing time is also earlier than that of the single point input; in terms of the plastic zone distribution,the multi-point effect is manifested as the presence of more obvious tensile shear failures; in the perspective of safety coefficient,the safety coefficient under each multi-point input is smaller than that of single point input,a difference of about 7 % or so. In summary,multi-point input is more reasonable and practical than single point input,so multi-point input should be considered in seismic design.

基于图和流体扰动算法的多无人车编队及避障研究

为解决多无人车编队在存在运动目标、移动威胁与突发威胁等多种情况的复杂环境中的避障问题,设计了一种基于刚性图论和流体扰动算法的多无人车编队避障控制算法。首先,针对编队控制问题,采用图论方法描述多无人车之间的协同关系,利用无人车之间的距离约束,基于反步控制理论设计领航-跟随编队控制器。李雅普诺夫分析表明,期望的编队形状是渐近稳定的。其次,针对复杂动态障碍物环境下的编队避障问题,设计了基于流体扰动算法的避障路径规划方法,由领航无人车规划出编队的行驶路径,实现编队的整体避障。最后,基于MATLAB的仿真结果验证了所提算法的有效性。

Ground-Based Cloud Using Exponential Entropy/Exponential Gray Entropy and UPSO

Objective and accurate classification model or method of cloud image is a prerequisite for accurate weather monitoring and forecast.Thus safety of aircraft taking off and landing and air flight can be guaranteed.Thresholding is a kind of simple and effective method of cloud classification.It can realize automated ground-based cloud detection and cloudage observation.The existing segmentation methods based on fixed threshold and single threshold cannot achieve good segmentation effect.Thus it is difficult to obtain the accurate result of cloud detection and cloudage observation.In view of the above-mentioned problems,multi-thresholding methods of ground-based cloud based on exponential entropy/exponential gray entropy and uniform searching particle swarm optimization(UPSO)are proposed.Exponential entropy and exponential gray entropy make up for the defects of undefined value and zero value in Shannon entropy.In addition,exponential gray entropy reflects the relative uniformity of gray levels within the cloud cluster and background cluster.Cloud regions and background regions of different gray level ranges can be distinguished more precisely using the multi-thresholding strategy.In order to reduce computational complexity of original exhaustive algorithm for multi-threshold selection,the UPSO algorithm is adopted.It can find the optimal thresholds quickly and accurately.As a result,the real-time processing of segmentation of groundbased cloud image can be realized.The experimental results show that,in comparison with the existing groundbased cloud image segmentation methods and multi-thresholding method based on maximum Shannon entropy,the proposed methods can extract the boundary shape,textures and details feature of cloud more clearly.Therefore,the accuracies of cloudage detection and morphology classification for ground-based cloud are both improved.

多地层结构地下水和咸水分类统计方法研究

为合理区分多地层结构区域的地下水和咸水的供水量,以新疆伽师县为例,在构建三维地层结构模型,收集机电井位置、井深、供水量,以及典型机电井矿化度检测的基础上,按照机电井分层统计、逐层矿化度分区图绘制、机电井与矿化度分区图逐层叠加的方法,统计出各地层的地下水(矿化度M≤2 g/L)和咸水(M>2 g/L)的供水量。结果表明:伽师县2021年地下水(矿化度M≤2 g/L)供水量为4.13亿m 3,咸水(M>2 g/L)供水量为6.55亿m 3。本次研究提出的多地层结构统计地下水(矿化度M≤2 g/L)和咸水(M>2 g/L)供水量的具体分析方法,具有较高的操作性,可为今后类似区域合理统计地下水(矿化度M≤2 g/L)和咸水(M>2 g/L)供水量提供重要参考。

联合运用多光谱和激光雷达技术构建的林分生物量估算模型

以广东省广州市从化石门国家森林公园为研究区域,选择4种不同林分类型(针阔混交林、阔叶林、针叶林、竹林),各林分类型选择3个20 m×20 m地块作为样方;结合激光雷达、多光谱图像、实测数据,构建多元非线性反演模型和多元线性回归模型,估算森林地上生物量,并选择最佳模型进行精度评价。结果表明:(1)依据多源数据建立的4种不同林分类型的多元非线性地上生物量反演模型的精度最高,针阔混交林样地地上生物量预测值为42.79 t·hm^(-2)、阔叶林样地地上生物量预测值为60.46 t·hm^(-2)、针叶林样地地上生物量预测值为32.99 t·hm^(-2)、竹林样地地上生物量预测值为1.92 t·hm^(-2)。(2)研究区中4种不同林分类型的多元非线性地上生物量反演模型的拟合精度,由大到小依次为竹林(决定系数为0.919)、阔叶林(决定系数为0.813)、针叶林(决定系数为0.786)、针阔混交林(决定系数为0.713),均符合精度要求。采用多光谱和激光雷达数据结合的方式,能够较精准地提取林分地上生物量信息,可准确估算针阔混交林、阔叶林、针叶林、竹林的地上生物量。

空地一体遥感技术在轨道交通安全保护区巡查中的应用

随着城市轨道交通建设的不断发展,轨道交通沿线安全保护区巡查工作的范围越来越大,内容越来越多,区域内的情况越来越复杂。针对存在的问题,本文构建了一套空地一体的遥感综合监测体系,在巡查工作中引入航空摄影测量、低空无人机监测、车载全景扫描、定点实时监控等多种遥感监测技术及DSM差分计算、深度学习智能识别等多种数据处理技术,并以上海为例开展应用实践。结果表明,本文方法具有可行性,对建立全覆盖、高频次、智能化的巡查模式有参考借鉴价值。

AI技术联合MSCT对肺腺癌磨玻璃结节浸润性病变的诊断价值分析

目的探讨人工智能(AI)技术联合多层螺旋CT(MSCT)对肺腺癌磨玻璃结节(GGN)浸润性病变的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析2018年6月至2023年6月至我院就诊的80例肺腺癌GGN患者(共80个结节)的临床资料,以病理检查结果为“金标准”,判断AI技术、MSCT及两者联合对肺腺癌GGN浸润性病变的诊断效能。根据检查结果将患者分成浸润组与非浸润组,分析两组AI参数及CT参数水平。结果病理检查结果显示浸润性病变患者共38例,设为浸润组,非浸润性病变患者42例,设为非浸润组。单一AI技术、MSCT对肺腺癌GGN浸润性病变的诊断灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阴性预测值及阳性预测值均低于AI技术联合MSCT,分别为92.11%、97.62%、95.00%、97.22%及93.18%。浸润组长径、短径、最大CT值、最大面积及体积均高于非浸润组,最小CT值低于非浸润组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。浸润性病变患者病变边缘以毛刺或分叶征为主,病变形态以类圆形为主,出现血管集束征、胸膜凹陷征概率高于非浸润性病变患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论AI技术联合MSCT能有效提高对肺腺癌GGN浸润性病变的诊断效能,病变面积及体积大、长径及短径长、最大CT值高、最小CT值低、边缘毛刺征或分叶征、形态不规则等可作为判断浸润性病变的重要特征。

多源数据融合视角下突发公共卫生事件信息公开质量评估体系研究

[目的/意义]构建基于国家政策、研究文献、公众访谈资料在内的多源数据视角下的突发公共卫生事件信息公开质量评估体系,旨在更全面地评估信息公开质量,明确当前信息公开中存在的问题,进而有的放矢提升信息公开质量。[方法/过程]利用扎根理论的研究方法,选取国家政策、研究文献、访谈资料共计32份数据作为原始资料,利用Nvivo12质性分析软件对资料进行开放式编码、主轴式编码和选择式编码,并通过理论饱和度检验验证编码结果可信度。[结果/结论]构建多源数据融合视角下的突发公共卫生事件信息公开质量评估体系,分为基础保障、执行过程、社会效应以及核心内容4个维度,包括资源建设、流程管理、服务提供、传播载体、公众体验、政民互动和信息内容7个一级指标和40个二级指标,并给出了各指标的含义和类属,为有效开展更全面的突发公共卫生事件信息公开质量评估工作提供了理论和实践基础。

利用遗传算法实现低倾角卫星星座优化设计

针对热点区域的多重覆盖问题,采用回归圆轨道的共星下点轨迹星座方案,提出基于遗传算法求解单颗卫星轨道参数、利用简单解析公式求解星座轨道参数的方法。首先,建立了回归轨道热点区域多重覆盖模型;其次,以卫星一个回归周期内覆盖时间最长为性能指标,首颗卫星轨道根数利用遗传算法可优化求取;最后,根据星下点轨迹重合这一约束条件设计星座构型,并利用各卫星间几何关系求解各卫星的轨道根数。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该方法简单且易于实现,设计结果正确,可实现回归周期内同一卫星星下点轨迹多次覆盖目标,星座使用卫星少、覆盖频率高,具有较好的工程应用价值。

基于深度确定性策略梯度的星地融合网络可拆分任务卸载算法

为解决低轨卫星网络中星地链路任务卸载时延长的问题,提出了一种基于深度确定性策略梯度(DDPG)的星地融合网络可拆分任务卸载算法。针对不同地区用户建立了星地融合网络的多接入边缘计算结构模型,通过应用多智能体DDPG算法,将系统总服务时延最小化的目标转化为智能体奖励收益最大化。在满足子任务卸载约束、服务时延约束等任务卸载约束条件下,优化用户任务拆分比例。仿真结果表明,所提算法在用户服务时延和受益用户数量等方面优于基线算法。