On Construction of Optimal Two-Level Designs with Multi Block Variables

When running an experiment, inhomogeneity of the experimental units may result in poor estimations of treatment effects. Thus, it is desirable to select a good blocked design before running the experiment. Mostly, a single block variable was used in the literature to treat the inhomogeneity for simplicity. However, in practice, the inhomogeneity often comes from multi block variables. Recently, a new criterion called B2-GMC was proposed for two-level regular designs with multi block variables. This paper proposes a systematic theory on constructing some B^2-GMC designs for the first time. Experimenters can easily obtain the B^2-GMC designs according to the construction method. Pros of B^2-GMC designs are highlighted in Section 4, and the designs with small run sizes are tabulated in Appendix B for practical use.

Implementation of configuration dependent stiffness proportional damping for the dynamics of rigid multi-block systems

The distinct element method(DEM)has been used successfully for the dynamic analysis of rigid block sys- tems.One of many difficulties associated with DEM is modeling of damping.In this paper,new procedures are proposed for the damping modeling and its numerical implementation in distinct element analysis of rigid muhi-block systems.The stiff- ness proportional damping is constructed for the prescribed damping ratio,based on the non-zero fundamental frequency ef- fective during the time interval while the boundary conditions remain essentially constant.At this time interval,the funda- mental frequency can be estimated without complete eigenvalue analysis.The damping coefficients will vary while the damp- ing ratio remains the same throughout the entire analysis.A new numerical procedure is developed to prevent unnecessary energy loss that can occur during the separation phases.These procedures were implemented in the development of the dis- tinet element method for the dynamic analyses of piled multi-block systems.The analysis results |or the single-block and two-block systems were in a good agreement with the analytic predictions.Applications to the seismic analyses of piled four- block systems revealed that the new procedures can make a significant difference and may lead to much-improved results.

Hydrodynamic Performance Analysis of the Ducted Propeller Based on the Combination of Multi-Block Hybrid Mesh and Reynolds Stress Model

In order to analyze the hydrodynamic performance of the ducted propeller with high precision, this paper proposes a new method which combines Multi-Block Hybrid Mesh and Reynolds Stress Model (MBHM & RSM). The calculation errors of MBHM & RSM and standard two-equation model (standard k-ε model) on the ducted propeller JD7704 +Ka4-55 are compared. The maximum error of the total thrust coefficient KT, the duct thrust coefficient KTN, the torque coefficient KQ and the open-water efficiency η0 of MBHM & RSM are 2.98%, 4.01%, 1.46%, and 0.89%, respectively, which are lower than those of standard k-ε model. Indeed, the pressure distribution on the propeller surfaces, the pressure and the velocity vector distribution of the flow field are also analyzed, which are consistent with the theory. It is demonstrated that MBHM & RSM on the thruster dynamics analysis are feasible. This paper provides reference in the thruster designing of underwater robot.

Application and Validation of a Multi-block Constitutive Model at Landslides of the Wenchuan Earthquake

A multi-block model and a corresponding computer program have been developed which predict the kinematics of landslides.Furthermore,a unique event for studying different models simulating the triggering and movement of landslides is the 2008Wenchuan earthquake in the mountainous region in Sichuan Province of China,which caused a large number of rapid landslides.The purpose of the paper is two-fold:(a)to propose and incorporate into the multi-block model constitutive relations predicting soil response along slip surfaces,and(b)to apply the multi-block model with the constitutive relations at landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake.The proposed constitutive equations predict the shape of the shear stress-displacement response measured in ring shear tests.In the application,four landslides caused by the Wenchuan earthquake were considered.Only in one of these landslides the shear resistance-displacement response along the slip surface has been measured in laboratory tests.At this landslide,the triggering and movement of the landslide was predicted.In the other landslides,back analyses were performed and it was observed that the multi-block model predicted reasonably well the final configuration of all slides.In addition,as the measured and back-estimated total friction angle of all landslides was less than 180,and the materials along the slip surface were sandy,it is inferred that some,or all of the slip surface during these slides was sheared in an undrained manner and excess pore pressures generated during sliding played a key role in the triggering and movement of these landslides.Concluding,the paper(A)proposed and validated a multi-block constitutive model which can be applied to predict the triggering and movement of earthquake-induced slides and(B)by analyzing four landslides of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake,it concludes that some,or all of the slip surface during these slides,was sheared in an undrained manner and excess pore pressures generated during sliding played a key role in the triggering and movement of these landslides.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LIQUID CRYSTALLINE MULTI-BLOCK COPOLYMERS,POLY[1,6-BIS(4-OXYBENZOYL-OXY)HEXANE TEREPHTHALATE]-b-BISPHENOL A POLYCARBONATE

A series of liquid crystalline multi-block copolymers poly[1.6-bis(4-oxybenzoyl-oxy)hexane terephthalate]-b-bisphenol A polycarbonate (PHTH-6-b-PC) with different segment lengths were synthesized in tetrachloroethane by solution polycondensation in which hydroxyl terminated PC and acyl chloride terminated PHTH-6 were used. It is found that block copolymers with high molecular weight and well-defined structures were obtained. All the block copolymers exhibit a nematic liquid crystalline texture.

Pontoon Bridge Hydrodynamic Computations by Multi-block Grid Generation Technique

To investigate the hydrodynamic characteristic of pontoon bridge, the multi-block grid generation technique with numerical methods for viscous fluid dynamics is applied to numerical simulations on the hydrodynamic characteristic of a ribbon ferrying raft model at a series of towing speeds. Comparison of the simulated results with the experimental data indicates that the simulated results are acceptable. It shows that the multi-block grid generation technique is effective in the computation on pontoon bridge hydrodynamics.

PHASE STRUCTURE AND THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF LIQUID CRYSTALLINE MULTI-BLOCK COPOLYMERS,POLY[1,6-BIS(4-OXYBENZOYL-OXY)HEXANE TEREPHTHALATE]-b-BISPHENOL A POLYCARBONATE

Liquid crystalline multi-block copolymers poly[1,6-bis(4-oxybenzoyl-oxy)hexane terephthalate]-b-bisphenol A polycarbonate (PHTH-6-b-PC) with different segments of polycarbonate (PC) and thermotropic polyester PHTH-6 were synthesized in tetrachloroethane at 144 similar to 146 degrees C. The influence of segment length on the resulting phase structure and thermal behavior of block copolymers was also discussed. It is demonstrated by TEM and DMA that the resulting block copolymers show a considerable microphase separation. The degree of phase separation and the thermal behavior of the block copolymers are strongly dependent on the molecular weight of the segments incorporated.

NOVEL SYNTHESIS OF LONG MULTI-BLOCK HETEROPOLYMER CHAINS WITH AN ORDERED SEQUENCE AND CONTROLLABLE BLOCK LENGTHS

It had very long been a dream in polymer science to synthesize long multi-block polymer chains with an orderedchain sequence and controllable block lengths. Using ionic or living free radical polymerization or furnishing each end ofpolymer blocks with a reactive functional group, one can only prepare heteropolymer chains with few long blocks, such asdiblock and triblock copolymers. The most plausible result so far was a pentablock copolymer. Recently, using a combinationof polymer physics and synthetic chemistry, we have invented self-assembly assisted polycondensation (SAAP). Thiscommunication reports the results of using this novel. method to connect 10-100 triblock polymer chains together to formlong multi-block heteropolymer chains with an ordered sequence and controllable block lengths.

Sulfonated fluorinated multi-block copolymer hybrid containing sulfonated(poly ether ether ketone) and graphene oxide: A ternary hybrid membrane architecture for electrolyte applications in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

A ternary hybrid membrane architecture consisting of sulfonated fluorinated multi-block copolymer （SFMC）, sulfonated （poly ether ether ketone） （SPEEK） and I or 5 wt% graphene oxide （GO） was fabricated through a facile solution casting approach. The simple, but effective monomer sulfonation was performed for SFMC to create compact and rigid hydrophobic backbone structures, while conventional random sulfonation was carried-out for SPEEK. Hydrophilic-hydrophobic-hydrophilic structure of SFMC enhances the compatibility with SPEEK and GO and allows for an unprecedented approach to alter me- chanical strength and proton conductivity of ternary hybrid membrane, as verified from universal test machine （UTM） curves and alternating current （AC） impedance plots. The impact of GO integration on the morphology and roughness of hybrid membrane was scrutinized using field emission scanning electron microscope （FE-SEM） and atomic force microscope （AFM）. Ternary hybrid showed uniform intercalation of GO nanosheets throughout the entire surface of membrane with an increased surface roughness of 8.91 nm. The constructed ternary hybrid membrane revealed excellent water absorption, ion exchange capacity and gas barrier properties, while retaining reasonable dimensional stability. The well-optimized ternary hybrid membrane containing 5 wt% GO revealed a maximum proton conductivity of 111.9 mS/cm, which is higher by a factor of two-fold with respect to that of bare SFMC membrane. The maximum PEMFC power density of 528.07mW/cm2 was yielded by ternary hybrid membrane at a load current density of 1321.1 mA/cm2 when operating the cell at 70 ℃ under 100% relative humidity （RH）. In comparison, a maximum power density of only 182.06 mW/cm2 was exhibited by the bare SFMC membrane at a load current density of 455.56 mA/cm2 under same operating conditions.

Multi-narrowband signals receiving method based on analog-to-information convertor and block sparsity

The analog-to-information convertor (AIC) is a successful practice of compressive sensing (CS) theory in the analog signal acquisition. This paper presents a multi-narrowband signals sampling and reconstruction model based on AIC and block sparsity. To overcome the practical problems, the block sparsity is divided into uniform block and non-uniform block situations, and the block restricted isometry property and sub-sampling limit in different situations are analyzed respectively in detail. Theoretical analysis proves that using the block sparsity in AIC can reduce the restricted isometric constant, increase the reconstruction probability and reduce the sub -sampling rate. Simulation results show that the proposed model can complete sub -sampling and reconstruction for multi-narrowband signals. This paper extends the application range of AIC from the finite information rate signal to the multi-narrowband signals by using the potential relevance of support sets. The proposed receiving model has low complexity and is easy to implement, which can promote the application of CS theory in the radar receiver to reduce the burden of analog-to digital convertor (ADC) and solve bandwidth limitations of ADC.

基于TRIZ理论的多工位柔性压曲机设计

针对压曲机单点单次压制曲块质量不稳定、提浆效果差等问题,采用TRIZ理论对压曲机进行总体方案创新设计。利用分割、多维化原理设计多工位压曲装置,包括落料、预压整形、3次捶打和脱模输出等6个工位,平均产量为500块/h。采用复制、动态化、改变参数、近似化原理设计锤头装置,每个模盒均对应包含8个可独立捶打的柔性锤头装置,实现24次/周期的多点、多频次柔性捶打。运用SolidWorks进行设备虚拟建模,通过样机验证方案。试验结果表明,设备压制的曲块含水率约为12%,曲块表面提浆效果面积比约为82%,曲皮厚度约为0.96 cm,曲块中间松、四周紧,断面整洁。研究为压曲机的创新设计提供新的思路。

Presentation of a multi-index clustering technique for the mathematical programming of block-cave scheduling

Long-term planning is one of the most important stages that determines the distribution of cash flows over the mine life and the feasibility of the project. However, it is not feasible in block caving to generate a production schedule that will provide optimal operating strategies without considering geotechnical constraints. This paper develops a mixed-integer linear programming(MILP) model to optimize the extraction sequence of drawpoints over multiple time horizons of block-cave mines with respect to the draw control systems. A multi-similarity index clustering technique to solve the MILP model in a reasonable time is also presented. Application and comparison of production scheduling based on the draw control system and clustering technique are illustrated using 325 drawpoints over 15 periods. The results show a significant reduction in the size of the MILP model, and in the time required to solve it.

Early Palaeozoic Evolution of the Zhen' an- Xichuan Block and the Small Qinling Multi-Island Ocean Basin

Based on studies of palaeogeography, palaeobiogeography, palaeomagnetism, geochemistry and volcanism, this paper proposes that the Zhen'an-Xichuan area was a small Early Palaeozoic block rifted away from South Qinling and suturing onto North Qinling earlier than the other parts of South Qinling. In the Early Palaeozoic Qinling was a small archipelagic ocean basin with 5 rows of islands including the Zhen'an-Xichuan block. The drifting of the Yangtze and North China plates and the islands between them in the same direction at different speeds caused their suturing process to be different from the classic plate collision, which is the major feature of the suturing of the multi-island Tethys ocean basin. This also explains the problem that the Caledonian collision did not result in orogeny in eastern Qinling.

深部煤储层孔裂隙结构对煤层气赋存的影响-以鄂尔多斯盆地东缘大宁-吉县区块为例

深部煤储层孔隙–裂缝结构对深部煤层气资源潜力评价和勘探开发具有重要意义。选取鄂尔多斯盆地东缘大宁–吉县区块DJ57井本溪组5个煤岩样品为研究对象,在煤岩煤质参数测试的基础上,采用气体吸附法、高压压汞法和微米CT扫描等测试手段,对深部煤储层中的纳米级孔隙-微米级裂缝进行多尺度定量表征,综合评价不同尺度的孔裂隙结构特征。再结合渗透率和甲烷等温吸附试验,探讨了微观孔裂隙对深部煤储层中煤层气的赋存和渗流的影响。研究结果表明:基于多种孔隙表征方法对深部煤储层孔裂隙进行多尺度定量表征,其孔裂隙体积分布类型主要以“U”型为主,呈现出微孔与微裂缝并存双峰态,主要集中在0.3~1.5 nm和>100μm的范围内。其中,微孔(<2 nm)、介孔(2~50 nm)、宏孔(50 nm~10μm)和微裂缝(>10μm)体积平均分别占总孔裂隙体积的80.18%,6.70%,1.65%和11.47%。随着微孔发育而吸附气量呈增大的趋势,微孔可以提供大量吸附点位,为深部煤层气的吸附和赋存提供场所。随着微裂缝发育而游离气量呈增大的趋势,微裂缝可以提供大量储集空间,为深部煤层气的富集提供空间条件。此外,微裂缝在三维空间中相互连通,形成网状结构,连通性强。随着微裂缝越发育,煤储层渗透率越大,微裂缝增强了煤层气的渗流能力。纳米级孔隙和微米级裂隙发育特征分别控制着深部煤层气吸附能力和开发潜力。

Block Iterative STMV Algorithm and Its Application in Multi-Targets Detection

STMV beamforming algorithm needs inversion operation of matrix, and its engineering application is limited due to its huge computational cost. This paper proposed block iterative STMV algorithm based on one-phase regressive filter, matrix inversion lemma and inversion of block matrix. The computational cost is reduced approximately as 1/4 M times as original algorithm when array number is M. The simulation results show that this algorithm maintains high azimuth resolution and good performance of detecting multi-targets. Within 1 - 2 dB directional index and higher azimuth discrimination of block iterative STMV algorithm are achieved than STMV algorithm for sea trial data processing. And its good robustness lays the foundation of its engineering application.

基于CNN和Transformer并行编码的腹部多器官图像分割

针对现有方法在腹部中小器官图像分割性能方面存在的不足,提出一种基于局部和全局并行编码的网络模型用于腹部多器官图像分割.首先,设计一种提取多尺度特征信息的局部编码分支;其次,全局特征编码分支采用分块Transformer,通过块内Transformer和块间Transformer的组合,既捕获了全局的长距离依赖信息又降低了计算量;再次,设计特征融合模块,以融合来自两条编码分支的上下文信息;最后,设计解码模块,实现全局信息与局部上下文信息的交互,更好地补偿解码阶段的信息损失.在Synapse多器官CT数据集上进行实验,与目前9种先进方法相比,在平均Dice相似系数(DSC)和Hausdorff距离(HD)指标上都达到了最佳性能,分别为83.10%和17.80 mm.

Distinction of self-synchronous scrambled linear blockcodes based on multi-fractal spectrum

This study proposes a novel multi-fractal spectrumbasedapproach to distinguish linear block codes from its selfsynchronousscrambled codes. Given that the linear block codeand self-synchronous scrambled linear block code share the propertyof linear correlation, the existing linear correlation-basedidentification method is invalid for this case. This drawback can becircumvented by introducing a novel multi-fractal spectrum-basedmethod. Simulation results show that the new method has highrobustness and under the same conditions of bit error, the lowerthe code rate, the higher the recognition rate. Thus, the methodhas significant potential for future application in engineering.

基于高效通道注意力的多阶段图像去雨网络

针对现有图像去雨算法不能更好地保留图像背景细节的问题,提出一种基于高效通道注意力的多阶段图像去雨网络。首先,网络使用3×3卷积提取雨图的浅层特征并传递给高效通道注意力模块,为不同的特征通道分配不同的权重;然后,传递给3个并行阶段,在前2个阶段中,使用编码-解码器进行多尺度特征提取,减少雨纹信息丢失,其中使用Transformer模块抑制无用信息传递;最后,在第3个阶段使用初始分辨率模块代替编码-解码器,从而保留输出图像的精细特征。实验结果表明,所提算法在Rain800、Rain12、Rain100L和Rain100H公开测试集上的结构相似性分别为0.830、0.968、0.960和0.944,峰值信噪比分别为27.33 dB、35.27 dB、36.79 dB和28.94 dB。所提算法相比于经典和新颖的图像去雨算法,在去除雨纹和恢复背景细节上具有更好的效果。

多源数据驱动街区空间品质提升设计方法探索——以上海城市设计挑战赛获奖方案为例

伴随城镇化阶段转型,提升街区空间品质正成为新时期城市设计的工作重点。同时,网络信息技术的快速发展也正在改变传统城市设计的工作语境,为街区空间品质的提升带来更多可能性。新数据技术在街区型城市设计的应用上目前存在着研究维度相对单一、内容不够全面等问题,难以在整体上客观反映街区空间品质及环境要素之间的有机关系。首先,将城市设计学科的整体观与新数据技术的集成性有效融合,探讨存量更新背景下街区空间品质提升的理论内涵、内容构成与目标理念。其次,利用多源数据组合优势,建构多维度、多要素的综合品质研究框架、设计指标体系以及相应的技术路径。最后,以西陵家宅路、文定坊商业街坊和小陆家嘴金融商务街区为例,通过关键基础指标、问题诊断、目标愿景、策略框架与设计成果评估等技术环节的解析,初步验证该技术方法在不同街区环境中的可应用性。

深部煤层孔隙结构与流体差异赋存特征研究

【目的】鄂尔多斯盆地东缘已打破深部煤层气勘探禁区,多个区块呈现“单点突破、区域差异开发”特征,深部煤储层孔裂隙结构作为流体赋存与产出的物质空间,对于深部煤层气区块差异开发至关重要。【方法】系统采集鄂尔多斯盆地东缘神府区块深部煤样品,基于常规孔渗物性测试、CO_(2)吸附、低温N2吸附、压汞和核磁共振等测试,以神府区块8+9号煤为例,系统总结深煤层孔隙结构及流体赋存模式。【结果和结论】结果表明:(1)深部煤孔隙结构差异较大,神府煤介孔−宏孔均发育,多为墨水瓶型和开放型孔。综合认为中阶煤孔隙结构的跨尺度效应稍有减弱,相对有利扩散、渗流。(2)中阶煤吸附能力降低,等温吸附曲线高压段曲线平缓,初期解吸效率低;含水饱和度增高,其介孔−宏孔的束缚水含量较高导致可动水孔隙率减小,降低了游离气的储集空间。(3)研究区存在“宏孔−微裂缝主控的游离气−自由水赋存”型、“微孔−介孔−宏孔主控的吸附气−束缚水赋存”型两类气水赋存模式,导致煤层气排采差异明显,其中“宏孔−微裂缝主控的游离气−自由水赋存”型是深部煤层气快速高产模式,该模式具有“见气时间短、中高产气、低产水”的生产特征,且由于应力对中大孔−微裂缝的伤害较强,建议该模式下的气井排采需适当控制排采速度以减小储层伤害,防止产量陡降;“微孔−介孔−宏孔主控的吸附气束缚水赋存”型模式具有“短期排水、缓慢见气”生产特征,排采仍需遵循“缓慢、连续”原则保证气井稳产;此外,由于孔隙以微孔、介孔为主,束缚水含量高,气井短期难获高产,需进一步探索加大压裂改造规模提高该类气藏产量。