Coordination of multiple grid-connected inverters for harmonic compensation

For multiple grid-connected inverters with active filter function,it makes sense to regulate every unit to output maximum active power from photovoltaic arrays,as well as eliminate the harmonic due to the non-linear loads connected to the electric networks.Naturally,a centralized control coordination strategy was proposed for the purpose of high facility utilization,good harmonic compensation ability and unwanted overcompensation condition.Based on a vector decoupling control scheme and generalized instantaneous reactive power theory,the solution was to allocate the harmonic eliminating task for every inverter according to the instantaneous power margin of each.The grid current always keeps sinusoidal in spite of non-linear load change and output active power change for any inverter.The simulation results validate the efficacy of the proposed coordination strategy.

Robust Dichotomy Solution-Based Model Predictive Control for the Grid-Connected Inverters with Disturbance Observer

This paper proposes a robust dichotomy-based model predictive control(DS-MPC)with a fixed switching frequency for the grid-connected inverter(GCI).The proposed fast dichotomy algorithm can select and deduce the optimal voltage vector dynamically through the space vector plane.Therefore,the proposed DS-MPC strategy could ensure dynamic performance and steady-state performance as well.Also,the current control robustness can be improved through DS-MPC with disturbance observer(DO)based on the extended Kalman filter(EKF).The novelty of this control is that the current control with fast dynamic response can be realized in the weak grid,even if the grid voltages are greatly distorted.Simulation and hardware experiments on the weak grid validate the effectiveness of the proposed DS-MPC with the EKF observer approach.

A Simulation Research on the Grid-Connected Control Technology of Single-Phase Inverters Based on MATLAB

This paper primarily discusses the main circuit of single-phase inverter circuits.It begins by introducing the research context and the significance of the subject,then discusses the topology of grid-connected single-phase inverter circuits,continues by discussing the control strategy for grid-connected single-phase inverter circuits,realizes a sinusoidal pulse width modulation(SPWM)signal generation circuit and an inverse control algorithm program,and finally ensures good output waveform and fast dynamic response.In view of the hysteresis feature of the grid voltage’s synchronous signal sampling circuit,the acquisition function in digital signal processing(DSP)control chips is applied,and the reasons for the hysteresis phenomenon are thoroughly investigated.The reliability of the SPWM control algorithm is revealed through the results.

A Sensor-less Surface Mounted PMSM for Electronic Speed Control in Multilevel Inverter

Recent advancements in power electronics technology evolves inverter fed electric motors.Speed signals and rotor position are essential for controlling an electric motor accurately.In this paper,the sensorless speed control of surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor(SPMSM)has been attempted.SPMSM wants a digital inverter for its precise working.Hence,this study incor-poratesfifteen level inverter to the SPMSM.A sliding mode observer(SMO)based sensorless speed control scheme is projected to determine rotor spot and speed of the multilevel inverter(MLI)fed SPMSM.MLI has been operated using a multi carrier pulse width modulation(MCPWM)strategy for generation offif-teen level voltages.The simulation works are executed with MATLAB/SIMU-LINK software.The steadiness and the heftiness of the projected model have been investigated under no loaded and loaded situations of SPMSM.Furthermore,the projected method can be adapted for electric vehicles.

Grid-connected inverter for wind power generation system

In wind power generation system the grid-connected inverter is an important section for energy conversion and transmission, of which the performance has a direct influence on the entire wind power generation system. The mathematical model of the grid-connected inverter is deduced firstly. Then, the space vector pulse width modulation （SVPWM） is analyzed. The power factor can be controlled close to unity, leading or lagging, which is realized based on H-type current controller and grid voltage vector-oriented control. The control strategy is verified by the simulation and experimental results with a good sinusoidal current, a small harmonic component and a fast dynamic response.

Topology for current-source grid-connected inverter with improved effciency and pulse width modulation control strategy

A novel topology of the current-source grid-connected inverter is proposed based on the immittance converter theory. A control strategy of sine-sine pulse width modulation （PWM） is studied. Compared with the traditional current-source inverter, the power frequency inductors and power frequency transformer are replaced with high frequency inductors and a high frequency transformer. Thus, the proposed inverter has advantages of small volume, low cost, low total harmonic distortion （THD）, low power losses, high power factor （PF） and simple control. Furthermore, grid voltage cannot influence output current of the grid-connected inverter and the current-source inverter with a high PF that approaches one has been realized. Finally, validity of the theory analysis and feasibility of the control scheme are shown by simulation and experimental results.

An Improved Repetitive Control Strategy for LCL Grid-Connected Inverter

This paper proposes a cascade repetitive control strategy based on odd internal mode,and combines it with proportional-integral(PI)control to establish a compound repetitive control system for improving the quality of grid connected current of LCL grid connected inverter.More specifically,the proposed method could effectively improve the control effect of grid-connected current of LCL inverter,restrain current harmonics and reduce the distortion rate of grid-connected current.Simulation experiment is conducted to verify the proposed repetitive control strategy,and the verification results show that,compared with traditional PI control,the proposed improved compound repetitive control strategy has a higher response speed,and the steady-state and dynamic performance have also been significantly improved.

Dual-loop Control Strategy for Grid-connected Inverter with LCL Filter

As to the concrete topology of three-phase LCL type grid-connected inverter with damping resistance, mathematical model was deduced in detail, using method of equivalent transformation to the structure diagram, damping resistance was virtualized, mathematical model under the DQ frame that can realize decoupling control was established, a dual-loop control strategy for grid-connected inverter with LCL filter was proposed, the system stability was analyzed and the design method of controller was given. The proposed method overcame the flaws of loss increase, efficiency reduce and cost increase which were caused by damping resistance in LCL type grid-connected inverter, the system efficiency and power supply quality of the output were improved. Feasibility and effectiveness of the new method were validated by simulation and experimental results.

Quasi-Z Source Inverter Control of PV Grid-Connected Based on Fuzzy PCI

The photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is an important interface between the photovoltaic power generation system and power grid.Its high-quality operation is directly related to the output power quality of the power grid.In order to further optimize the control effect of the quasi-Z source grid-connected photovoltaic inverter,a fuzzy proportional complex integral control(PCI)method is proposed for the current internal loop control.This method can eliminate the steady-state error,and has the characteristic of zero steady-state error adjustment for the AC disturbance signal of a specific frequency.The inductance-capacitance-inductance(LCL)filter is adopted in the grid-connected circuit,and the feedback capacitive current is taken as the control variable of the inner loop to form the active damping control method,which can not only effectively suppress the resonance of the LCL circuit,but also significantly inhibit the high-order harmonics in the grid-connected current.Finally,a system simulation model is built in MATLAB/Simulink to verify the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed method.

FCS-MPC Strategy for PV Grid-Connected Inverter Based on MLD Model

In the process of grid-connected photovoltaic power generation,there are high requirements for the quality of the power that the inverter breaks into the grid.In this work,to improve the power quality of the grid-connected inverter into the grid,and the output of the system can meet the grid-connected requirements more quickly and accurately,we exhibit an approach toward establishing a mixed logical dynamical(MLD)model where logic variables were introduced to switch dynamics of the single-phase photovoltaic inverters.Besides,based on the model,our recent efforts in studying the finite control set model predictive control(FCS-MPC)and devising the output current full state observer are exciting for several advantages,including effectively avoiding the problem of the mixed-integer quadratic programming(MIQP),lowering the THD value of the output current of the inverter circuit,improving the quality of the power that the inverter breaks into the grid,and realizing the current output and the grid voltage same frequency and phase to meet grid connection requirements.Finally,the effectiveness of the mentioned methods is verified by MATLAB/Simulink simulation.

The improved PAC method for a three-phase PWM grid-connected inverter

In this paper, a vector regulating principle of the phase and amplitude control PAC method for three-phase grid-connected inverters is presented.To solve the problem of heavy inrush current and slow dynamic response when system starts up, the starting voltage prediction control and the current feed-forward control are proposed and used, which improve the dynamic performance of the system in the PAC.The experimental results carried out on a three-phase grid-connected inverter proved the validity of the proposed method.

New Approach of Multi-Cell Stacked Cell Inverter for Solar Photovoltaic System

In this paper, a new inverter topology dedicated to isolated or grid-connected PV systems is proposed. This inverter is based on the structures of a stacked multi-cell converter (SMC) and an H-bridge. This new topology has allowed the voltage stresses of the converter to be distributed among several switching cells. Secondly, divide the input voltage into several fractions to reduce the number of power semiconductors to be switched. In this contribution, the general topology of this micro-inverter has been described and the simulation tests developed to validate its operation have been presented. Finally, we discussed the simulation results, the efficiency of this topology and the feasibility of its use in a grid-connected photovoltaic production system.

Equal Switching Distribution Method for Multi-Level Cascaded Inverters

The paper proposes a new method of equal switching distribution that can be applied to cascaded multi-level inverters. This method is based on the fact that in the cascaded multilevel inverters, the output phase voltage is the sum of voltage waveforms produced by all cascaded cells. By periodically exchanging cells’ voltage waveforms, the proposed method ensures equal average switchings distribution between all cascaded cells. This method is applied to the 13-level inverter, which consists of three cascaded 5-level H-bridge cells per phase. However, the proposed method can be extended to any desired number of voltage levels and applied to any type of cascaded multi-level inverter. Extensive simulation results of the tested 13-level inverter with the equal switching distribution are presented. Moreover, the proposed method is compared to the standard control approaches and its advantages are shown.

Performance Assessment of Islanding Detection for Mul-ti-inverter Grid-connected Photovoltaic Systems

Islanding detection is an essential function for safety and reliability in grid-connected Distributed Generation Systems (DGS). Passive and active islanding detection methods have been analyzed in literature considering DGS with only one inverter connected to the utility. With the big scale application of photovoltaic (PV) power systems, islanding detection technology of multi-inverter DGS has been paid more attention. This paper analyzes the performance of diverse islanding detection methods in multiple inverters grid-connected PV systems. Non-Detection Zones (NDZ) of multi-inverter systems in a load parameter space are used as analytical tool. The paper provides guidance for the islanding detection design in multiple grid-connected inverters.

High Efficiency PCS with Scan-Type MPPT Control for a Grid-Connected PV Power Generation System

For a standalone PV （photovoltaic） power generation system, the author previously proposed a new MPPT （maximum power point tracking） control method in which the I-V characteristics are scanned with a detection interval control that operates at specified intervals and monitors the maximum power point. The author has obtained satisfactory results using this new MPPT control method. This paper investigates the application of the new MPPT control method for a PCS （power conditioning system） in a grid-connected type PV power generation system. The experimental results clearly demonstrate that the developed PCS offers outstanding effectiveness in tracking the maximum power point in partially shaded environments.

Norton equivalent circuit for current control loop of grid-connected system

Modeling method for the current control loop of a grid-connected PWM inverter with the LCL output filter was discussed.Firstly,the current control loop with the LCL inverter-side current as feedback was established.Then,parameters of PI controller were calculated on the basis of an equivalent controlled object.Finally,Norton equivalent circuit for the current control loop of grid-connected system was derived by integrating one control equation,which connected the PWM inverter output voltage and the LCL inverter-side current,with two circuit equations,separately using the LCL inverter-side current and the injected current as loop currents.With the induced Norton equivalent circuit,system-level resonant and unstable issues on real grid-connected system applied in weak distributed power systems can be easily analyzed.The validity of substituting Norton equivalent circuit for grid-connected system is verified by simulation and experiment.

Intensification of Power Quality Using PMSG and Cascaded Multi Cell Trans-Z-Source Inverter

This script depicts the power quality intensification of Wind Energy Transfer System (WETS) using Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) and Cascaded Multi Cell Trans-Z-Source Inverter (CMCTZSI). The PMSG knocks the induction generator and earlier generators, because of their stimulating performances without taking the frame power. The Trans-Z-Source Inverter with one transformer and one capacitor is connected newly. To increase the boosting ratio gratuity a cascaded impression is proposed with adopting multi-winding transformer which provides an option for this manuscript to use coupled inductor as an alternative of multi-winding transformer and remains the matching voltage gain as cascaded multi cell trans-Z- source inverter. Accordingly the parallel capacitances are also balancing the voltage gain. The parallel correlation of the method is essentially to trim down the voltage stresses and to improve the input current gain of the inverter. By using MALAB Simulation, harmonics can be reduced up to 1.32% and also DC side can be boosted up our required level 200 - 1000 V achievable. The new hardware setup results demonstrate to facilitate the multi cell Trans Z-source inverter. This can be generated high-voltage gain [50 V - 1000 V] and also be credible. Moreover, the level of currents, voltages and Harmonics on the machinery is low.

Testing PV Central Inverters＇ Compliance with International Grid Codes

In many electrical grids worldwide, the rising amount of installed PV （photovoltaic） power entails a considerable influence of PV systems on grid quality and stability. Consequently, in the wake of the revised German medium voltage directives issued in 2009, new requirements for PV inverters have been established internationally. At Fraunhofer ISE＇s Inverter Laboratory, approximately 25 large PV inverters with a nominal power of up to 880 kVA have been characterized in the past three years. In this period, the focus of many inverter manufacturers has begun to shift from traditional European markets towards an international perspective. Therefore, experiences with numerous different grid codes have been gained by our team. This work summarizes the similarities and differences between these grid codes. Additionally, several requirements that have proved to be critical will be examined. Finally, the adequacy of these grid codes to guarantee the safe and reliable operation of electrical grids is discussed.

光伏多功能并网逆变器不同出力状态下无功和谐波优化方法

利用光伏多功能并网逆变器所具有的电能质量治理、谐波谐振抑制的主动优势,结合逆变器在不同出力状态下光伏发电系统的输出特性,构建光伏多功能并网逆变器不同出力状态下的无功和谐波优化方法。在所提3层优化策略中,上层优化策略以光伏并网有功功率最大化为目标函数,中层优化策略以电压谐波总畸变率和电压偏差达到相应电能质量规定指标为目标函数,下层优化策略以电压谐波总畸变率和电压偏差最小为目标函数,并采用自适应蚁群算法进行求解。基于IEEE 33节点系统进行算例分析,结果表明:基于逆变器不同出力状态的优化方法可以有效改善电网的电能质量,较好地提升电网运行的经济性;在系统稳定运行的基础上,光伏多功能并网逆变器在不同出力状态下分阶段、分主次地治理谐波和调整电压偏差,治理效果更佳。

计及锁相环非线性特性的跟网型逆变器暂态稳定性分析

锁相环作为跟网型逆变器实现相位同步的关键环节,由于其本身所固有的非线性特性,在弱电网情况下,传统小信号模型可能存在不能准确预测锁相环暂态稳定性的问题。为保证受扰后锁相环的稳定运行,提出了一种基于非线性数学模型的稳定性分析方法。首先,根据锁相环工作原理,建立其二阶非线性微分方程,通过相平面法对锁相环输出特性进行定性分析,评估不同参数对锁相环暂态特性的影响;然后,基于等面积法则分析锁相环暂态失稳机理,鉴于传统等面积法则可能导致稳定性的误判,采用非线性动力学多尺度法对锁相环受扰后的暂态时域表达式进行求解,明确锁相环暂态稳定边界;最后,通过Matlab仿真和RT⁃LAB半实物平台验证了所得解析解和锁相环暂态稳定域的准确性,为弱电网条件下锁相环控制参数及电路参数选取提供一定参考。