A linear crack length measurement method for railway bridges based on calibration points fitting

For the linear crack skeleton of railway bridges with irregular strike,it is difficult to accurately express the crack contour feature by using a single smoothing fitting algorithm.In order to improve the measurement accuracy,a polynomial curve fitting was proposed,which used the calibration point of crack contour as the boundary point,and then put them all together to produce a continuous contour curve to achieve the crack length measurement.The method was tested by measuring the linar cracks with different shapes.It is shown that this proposed algorithm can not only solve the jagged problem generated in the crack skeleton extraction process,but also improve the crack length measurement accuracy.The relative deviation is less than 0.15,and the measurement accuracy is over 98.05%,which provides a more effective means for the crack length measurement in railway bridges.

AUTOMATED IMAGE MATCHING WITH CODED POINTS IN STEREOVISION MEASUREMENT

A coding-based method to solve the image matching problems in stereovision measurement is presented. The solution is to add and append an identity ID to the retro-reflect point, so it can be identified efficiently under the complicated circumstances and has the characteristics of rotation, zooming, and deformation independence. Its design architecture and implementation process in details based on the theory of stereovision measurement are described. The method is effective on reducing processing data time, improving accuracy of image matching and automation of measuring system through experiments.

Impact of photoneutrons on reactivity measurements for TMSR-SF1

The solid-fueled thorium molten salt reactor(TMSR-SF1) is a 10 MW_(th) test reactor design to be deployed in 5-10 years by the TMSR group.Its design combines coated particle fuel and molten FLiBe coolant for great intrinsic safety features and economic advantages.Due to a large amount of beryllium in the coolant salt,photoneutrons are produced by(y,n) reaction,hence the increasing fraction of effective delayed neutrons in the core by the photoneutrons originating from the long-lived fission products.Some of the delayed photoneutron groups are of long lifetime,so a direct effect is resulted in the transient process and reactivity measurement.To study the impact of photoneutrons for TMSR-SF1,the effective photoneutron fraction is estimated using k-ratio method and performed by the Monte Carlo code(MCNP5) with ENDF/B-Ⅶ cross sections.Based on the coupled neutronphoton point kinetics equations,influence of the photoneutrons is analyzed.The results show that the impact of photoneutrons is not negligible in reactivity measurement.Without considering photoneutrons in on-line reactivity measurement based on inverse point kinetics can result in overestimation of the positive reactivity and underestimation of the negative reactivity.The photoneutrons also lead to more waiting time for the doubling time measurement.Since the photoneutron precursors take extremely long time to achieve equilibrium,a "steady" power operation may not directly imply a "real" criticality.

FIXED POINT THEOREMS FOR MEIR-KEELER CONDENSING OPERATORS VIA MEASURE OF NONCOMPACTNESS

In this article, we introduce the notion of Meir-Keleer condensing operator in a Banach space, a characterization using L-functions and provide a few generalization of Darbo fixed point theorem. Also, we introduce the concept of a bivariate Meir-Keleer condensing operator and prove some coupled fixed point theorems. As an application, we prove the existence of solutions for a large class of functional integral equations of Volterra type in two variables.

A technique utilizing chemical reagents for direct measurement of temperature at a local area and its engineering applications

Temperature is one of the physical quantifies through which quantitative evaluation of the safety and reliability of industrial products can be achieved, and this has been used widely in practice. Under any environmental condifion, regardless of the size of the object to be inspected, accurate and reliable measurement of temperature is of great practical importance. This review article presents a simple and direct method of temperature measurement, that can be applied to the local areas with difficulty in measuring the temperature by using normal thermometers. In the present article, two different application examples are demonstrated. One addresses the study of the electromigration of solders which are used as bonding metals in electronic devices （micro-structures）. The application of the method to the shaft of a motor used in heavy industrial fields is explained as the second.

A Class of a Second-Order Two-Point Boundary Value Problem on a Measure Chain

A class of second-order two-point boundary value problem on a measure chain was considered. Under some suitable conditions, by using the Leggett-Williams fixed point theorem in an appropriate cone, the existence of at least three positive solutions to this nonlinear problem was obtained.

Contemplating Ocean Wave Measurements

This is a personal contemplation on the state of ocean wave measurement, historically, and with an eye toward the future. The conceptual basis which leads to the conventional wave measuring instruments has been in practice for over six decades which is basically single point observations of three-dimensional waves. We need new conceptual advancement and new instrumentation to rejuvenate our research in stagnation. New instruments for spatial wave measurement have been on the horizon.

ANALYSIS AND MEASUREMENT OF LARGE DYNAMIC RANGE RF SWITCH INTER-MODULATION

Radio Frequency (RF) switch circuit is the basic part of microwave devices and systems. The non-linearity distortion figure is necessary in the field of large dynamic range of signal. This letter analyzes the basic switch circuit and its inter-modulation, and studies in detail the measurement methods and systems of RF switch intercept point. It has provided cascaded simulation testing methods, which can accurately measure the PF switch, of which the second or third order intercept point value is above 75dB and 60dB, respectively. As the testing results are consistent with the theoretical analyses, it proves that the validity of the method satisfies the requirements of large scaled linearity measurement in engineering.

Measurement Method of Graviton Velocity and Thought on Correcting Lorentz Transformation——The Superluminal Neutrino’s Influence on Special Relativity and Other Physical Theories

After discovery of the superluminal particle and consideration on development of contemporary physical theory research, also on the existing errors and omissions, the principle of constant light speed is found not a necessary condition in derivation of Lorentz Transformation;instead, this thesis proposes the velocity of graviton may feature superluminal, constant velocity in different directions, and independence of inertial reference frame speeds. This is an optional thought of correction. According serial hypothesis, an equation of graviton’s motion trace, i.e., the central curve of nebula density, is established for spiral galaxy. Thus we gain the method to measure velocity of graviton. If to totally avoid problem of limit speed, we have to search for independent of inertia frames, and relevant to space-time properties. Regarding current difficulties of singular points in the Theory of Limited Universe, this thesis points out that the document [1] is the best solution to these difficulties.

A Measure System of Zero Moment Point Using Wearable Inertial Sensors

Keeping balance is the premise of human walking. ZMP(zero moment point) is a point where total torque achieves balance. It is an important evaluation parameter of balance ability in walking, since it can be used to better reflect the dynamic balance during walking. ZMP can be used in many applications, such as medical rehabilitation, disease diagnosis, treatment and etc. In this paper, wearable inertial sensors system based on MEMS is used to measure ZMP(zero moment point) during walking, which is cheap, convenient, and free from the restriction of lab. Our wearable ZMP measurement system consists of inertial measurement subsystem and PC real-time monitoring station. Inertial measurement subsystem includes 9-axis inertial sensing nodes, the body communication network and the central node. Inertial sensing nodes are mounted on different parts of the body to collect body posture information in real-time, and then the best estimation of current posture are obtained by Kalman filter. The data from sensors is aggregated to the central node through the CAN bus, and then ZMP is calculated. Finally, it can be showed in the PC monitoring station. Experiments prove the system can achieve real-time ZMP detection during walking.

A METHOD OF ON-LINE MEASUREMENT FOR THE FREQUENCY RESPONSE AND IMPULSE RESPONSE FUNCTIONS OF MULTIVARIATE SYSTEM

In this paper,a method of multipoint pseudorandom combined excita-tion with the orthogonal reciprocal repeated sequences(ORRS)is presented on thebackground of the on-line identification of multivariate system.The capacity of therestraint to the identification error caused by the non-random D.C.drift of the mul-ti-input excitation with the ORRS in the multivariate system is also discussed.Thevalidity of the method described in this paper is proved by the modelling tests of themulti-plate rotor system.

MICROCOMPUTERIZED MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF ELECTRON EMISSION PROPERTIES OF THERMIONIC CATHODES

A microcomputerized measurement system is developed.This system automatically acquiresan I-V characteristic curve in 5 seconds with the accuracy of 0.05％ FSR(full scale range).The Schottkyextrapolation field-free emission,the inflection-point emission,the flection-point emission,the average effec-tive work function.the Richardson work function,the work function distribution at the operation tempera-ture and other important information that reflects properties of cathodes are obtained by this system.The re-sults of analysing four types of cathodes demonstrate that this system is very suitable for measuring the activi-ty changes of the cathode in the processes of activation,ageing,poisoning and life test.It is proved that thissystem can also be used to monitor the actlvity of the cathode in the assembled tube by measuring a gridcontrolled travelling-wave tube.

Measure of Departure from Point-Symmetry for the Analysis of Collapsed Square Contingency Tables

For square contingency tables with ordered categories, there may be some cases that one wants to analyze them by considering collapsed 3 × 3 tables with some adjacent categories combined in the original table. This paper considers the point-symmetry model (Wall and Lienert, 1976) for collapsed tables and proposes a measure to represent the degree of departure from point-symmetry for collapsed tables. Also it gives approximate confidence interval for the proposed measure.

基于PointCNN的车载行道树点云分割方法

利用点云卷积网络(PointCNN)为语义分割算法基础处理无序点云来提取行道树点云,经过模型建立、样本训练、点云分割等步骤从地物点云中精确分割出行道树点云,并对三个数据集的应用结果作精度评定,其最终结果的误差在有效范围内,并对PointCNN中的参数进行分析,完善算法的应用以适应于道路环境下行道树点云的提取。本次研究中考虑到训练各类型行道树类型,且受非行道树点云目标干扰小,在复杂道路环境下的数据分割工作有很好的效果。

基于线结构光扫描的工件高精度三维测量方法

为了提高工业中对复杂轮廓工件的测量精度和效率,设计了一套高精度非接触三维测量系统,并提出了一种基于线结构光扫描的工件轮廓三维测量方法。首先,利用高精度相机和三轴移动平台采集线结构光图像。然后,通过基于差分区间的灰度质心算法,精确而高效地提取出线结构光中心线,并生成原始点云模型。接着,对采集到的点云数据进行必要的点云滤波和精简预处理。最后,将预处理后的点云数据与CAD模型精确配准,进行工件表面轮廓的测量与误差评定。实验结果表明:测量工件轮廓高度的绝对误差小于0.07 mm,相对误差小于0.5%。所提出的三维测量系统及方法测量误差较低,能够实现工件的高精度三维测量,具有一定的工业应用价值。

49-2游泳池式轻水反应堆池底点缺陷超声测量技术研究

为掌握49-2游泳池式轻水反应堆(简称49-2堆)堆水池铝质池底点缺陷的现状,以进一步为堆水池的服役性能评估提供数据支撑,确保反应堆的安全稳定运行,根据池底结构、池内介质、池壁材料等信息,研发了水浸超声测量系统,对池底点缺陷的分布情况进行了全面检查,实现了点缺陷深度的精确测量。该研究实现了首次对49-2堆池底点缺陷实际状态的远程水下无损检测,检测结论显示:与历史数据相比,池底点缺陷的分布和点坑深度测量数据基本一致,最大点坑深度为1.495 mm。研究结论为49-2堆池底材料的时限老化分析提供了重要数据支撑,研发的水下超声测量技术也可应用于同类型池式堆堆容器及乏燃料贮存池的老化管理工作以及服役寿命分析论证工作中。

异常点云干扰下的车身构件鲁棒性配准方法

点云配准是大型车身构件位姿参数测量的关键方法,但现有算法在大量异常点云干扰下难以配准至有效位姿,从而导致匹配失真,进而无法保证后续机器人作业质量。针对此问题,提出一种能够有效抑制异常点云干扰的车身构件鲁棒性配准算法——鲁棒函数加权方差最小化(RFWVM)算法。建立鲁棒函数加权目标函数,通过施加随迭代次数可变的动态权重来抑制配准过程中异常点云的影响,并由高斯-牛顿法迭代完成刚性转换矩阵的求解。以高铁白车身侧墙、汽车车门框为研究对象的试验结果表明,较经典的最近点迭代(ICP)算法、方差最小化(VMM)算法、加权正负余量方差最小化(WPMAVM)算法和去伪加权方差最小化(DPWVM)算法,所提出的RFWVM算法配准精度更高,能够有效抑制各种异常点云对配准结果的影响,并具有更好的稳定性和鲁棒性,能够有效实现各类车身构件点云的精确配准。

基于大口径高温固定点黑体的光谱辐射照度国家基准量值复现新方法

采用国际前沿的大口径高温固定点黑体新技术,中国计量科学研究院NIM(National Institute of Metrology)组建了大口径钨碳-碳WC-C高温固定点黑体辐射源,在3020.11 K的融化点温度,实现了250~2500 nm光谱辐射照度、相关色温和分布温度基准的量值复现。这是国际上首次将大口径高温固定点黑体技术成功应用于光谱辐射度基准复现领域。针对大口径固定点黑体熔化温坪曲线的特点、以及测量期间温坪曲线中间部分缺失的问题,提出了固定点熔化温坪拐点温度计算新方法,重构了缺失的熔化温坪曲线。采用光谱比较法,通过双光栅光谱比较测量系统将黑体的量值传递至光谱辐射照度副基准灯组,完成光谱辐射照度基准量值的复现和保存。新的量值复现方法将黑体温度的测量不确定度减小为0.36 K,缩短了量传链,实现光谱辐射照度最佳测量不确定度0.25%(k=2)。在250~2500 nm,基于固定点新方法和传统变温黑体法进行量值复现的平均偏差为0.42%,将两种方法相结合,最终实现我国光谱辐射照度基准的测量不确定度(k=2)为:250~400 nm,U rel=1.9%~0.43%;400~1000 nm,U rel=0.43%~0.25%;1000~2200 nm,U rel=0.25%~0.76%;2200~2500 nm,U rel=0.76%~2.4%。基于固定点黑体的光谱辐射照度量值复现技术已经应用于遥感仪器的辐射定标,用于提升仪器的测量准确度。

基于曲面控制点重构的加工误差在机测量方法

为了提高汽车车身外覆盖件模具的加工精度,提出一种在机测量自由曲面加工误差的方法。首先基于改进波前法生成三角网格,提取理论曲面网格节点的坐标数据,根据在机测量得到实际加工曲面的采样数据;然后基于T-splines的小波控制点法进行曲面重构,拟合加工曲面;最后基于广义牛顿法计算重构的实际曲面控制点到理论曲面的法向距离,获得曲面的加工误差分布,并对实验加工的凹凸曲面样件的轮廓度误差进行分析。实验结果表明,基于T-splines控制点法的曲面重构方法能够在机、有效地获得自由曲面的加工误差。

基于LabVIEW的继电保护测试仪自动检测系统设计

针对现有的继电保护测试仪检测程序繁琐,自动化程度低,点对点调试效率低下等问题,提出基于LabVIEW的继电保护测试仪自动检测系统;系统硬件以STM32F407ZGT6为主控芯片研制了继电保护测试仪输出转换装置,自动控制测试仪与标准器连成试验回路,代替人工拆接线行为;系统软件以LabVIEW为开发平台,设计了仪器通信、自动检测、生成报告、强制选择测点等模块,实现了继电保护测试仪的全自动检测;通过对某型继电保护测试仪进行测试,结果表明该系统工作状态稳定,能够实现一键式全自动检测,用户界面友好,可以替代繁琐的人工检测方法,具有一定的工程应用前景。