The lytropic liquid crystals in dodecanic acid diethanolamine (DAD) /n-butanol (C4OH) /octane (n-C8H18) /deuteron (D2O) system were studied to determine the phase regions and were investigated by 2H-NMR spectroscopy,o...The lytropic liquid crystals in dodecanic acid diethanolamine (DAD) /n-butanol (C4OH) /octane (n-C8H18) /deuteron (D2O) system were studied to determine the phase regions and were investigated by 2H-NMR spectroscopy,optical polarizing microscope and small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXD) methods.The results indicate that the lamellar,hexagonal and cubic liquid crystals all exist in the above system.Keeping the weight ratio of DAD and C4OH constant,the microphase Structure,2H quadruple splitting and the interlayer spacing are all changed with the addition of deuteron.展开更多
Ti(C,N)-TiB2 cermets were fabricated from Ti(C,N), TiB2, Co and WC powder mixtures via a vacuum hot pressing process. The influence of TiB2 content on their microstructures and mechanical properties was investigated. ...Ti(C,N)-TiB2 cermets were fabricated from Ti(C,N), TiB2, Co and WC powder mixtures via a vacuum hot pressing process. The influence of TiB2 content on their microstructures and mechanical properties was investigated. As a result of the elevated TiB2 contents, two types of corerim microstructures were present in the Ti(C,N)-TiB2 cermets, and remarkably improved mechanical properties were achieved. With the increase of TiB2 content, the flexural strength, fracture toughness and hardness of the Ti(C,N)-TiB2 cermets first increased, and then decreased, while their relative density consistently decreased. Attributed to an integration of the intergranular and intrangranular fracture behaviors, the Ti(C,N)-TiB2 cermets with 20 wt% TiB2 content exhibited the best overall properties with the relative density, hardness, fracture toughness and flexural strength at 99.3%, 1 995 HV, 7.92 MPa·m1/2 and 1 114 MPa, respectively. The underlying mechanism for their enhanced properties was studied in detail.展开更多
Objective: This study looks to review different methods of lifestyle changing interventions, examine and compare them to determine usefulness, efficiency, and outcome in regard to future ventures to help control the r...Objective: This study looks to review different methods of lifestyle changing interventions, examine and compare them to determine usefulness, efficiency, and outcome in regard to future ventures to help control the rise of this type 2 diabetes. Methods: Three systematic reviews were found and compared based on efficacy and key differences in their approach to the ever-growing problem of type 2 diabetes. Outcomes and intervention styles of the studies were noted and critiqued based on their statistical significance. Conclusion: The first study revealed that multiple behavior change techniques (BCTs) correlate with a reduction in weight and HbA1c, especially when they work synergistically alongside one another. The second study spoke of how community intervention had an inclusive quality about it, which allowed for population variability to not affect implementation. It also showed that small incremental changes were best when trying to establish a change long-term across a large population. Finally, the third study revealed that, as the participant got closer to maintaining a good physical activity regiment, their self-efficacy also increased. The attributes of these studies give evidence that interventions that use multiple approaches are most effective when looking to improve physical activity and diet in Type 2 diabetics.展开更多
Micro-arc oxidation （MAO） coatings with different concentrations of K2TiO（C2O4）2 in the sodium silicate base electrolyte were prepared on 6061 aluminum alloy with the aim of promoting a better understanding of the...Micro-arc oxidation （MAO） coatings with different concentrations of K2TiO（C2O4）2 in the sodium silicate base electrolyte were prepared on 6061 aluminum alloy with the aim of promoting a better understanding of the formation mechanisms and tribological behaviors of the coatings. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） assisted with energy-dis- persive X-ray spectroscopy （EDS）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and friction test were employed to charac- terize the MAO processes and microstructure of the resultant coatings. Results showed that the composition and microstructure of the coatings were significantly affected by the addition of KETiO（CaO4）2. A sealing microstructure of MAO coating was obtained with the addition of K2TiO（C2O4）2. Ti element from K2TiO（C2O4）2 was only absorbed into the defects of micropores under surface energy in the early stage, while in the later stage, Ti element was predominant in the micropores and distributed on the coatings under plasma discharge to form TiO2. It was demonstrated that Ti and Si elements from the electrolyte could interact with each other during the MAO process and the interaction mechanism was systematically analyzed. Wear resistance of the MAO coatings with K2TiO（C2O4）2 addition was significantly improved compared with that of the MAO coatings without K2TiO（C2O4）2 addition.展开更多
h-BN can be applied in Al_(2)O_(3)–C refractories to substitute graphite due to their similar crystal structure and better resistance to molten steel and oxidation.The effects of h-BN particle size on the mechanical ...h-BN can be applied in Al_(2)O_(3)–C refractories to substitute graphite due to their similar crystal structure and better resistance to molten steel and oxidation.The effects of h-BN particle size on the mechanical properties and fracture behavior of Al_(2)O_(3)–C refractories were investigated through wedge splitting test and microstructural analyses.The obtained results demonstrated that the addition of larger-sized h-BN was conducive to the growth of in situ formed SiC whiskers,which contributed to the highest flexural strength(42.63±3.10 MPa)of specimen D10.In comparison,the smaller-sized h-BN can induce more crack propagation paths along the interface and within matrix,leading to more tortuous crack propagation paths,and thus the thermal shock-related parameters such as specific fracture energy,characteristic length,and thermal shock resistance were improved.Consequently,the residual strength ratio of Al_(2)O_(3)–C refractories was increased from 35.5%to 42.5%with decreasing the h-BN particle size from 10 to 0.1μm.展开更多
文摘The lytropic liquid crystals in dodecanic acid diethanolamine (DAD) /n-butanol (C4OH) /octane (n-C8H18) /deuteron (D2O) system were studied to determine the phase regions and were investigated by 2H-NMR spectroscopy,optical polarizing microscope and small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXD) methods.The results indicate that the lamellar,hexagonal and cubic liquid crystals all exist in the above system.Keeping the weight ratio of DAD and C4OH constant,the microphase Structure,2H quadruple splitting and the interlayer spacing are all changed with the addition of deuteron.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21571095,51404157)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LY17E050003)+2 种基金the Taizhou Science and Technology Project(No.15gy54)the Open Research Program of Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cutting Tools(No.ZD201501)the Open Foundation of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Precision and Micro-Manufacturing Technology and the Public Projects of Zhejiang Province(Nos.2017C31118,2016C31049)
文摘Ti(C,N)-TiB2 cermets were fabricated from Ti(C,N), TiB2, Co and WC powder mixtures via a vacuum hot pressing process. The influence of TiB2 content on their microstructures and mechanical properties was investigated. As a result of the elevated TiB2 contents, two types of corerim microstructures were present in the Ti(C,N)-TiB2 cermets, and remarkably improved mechanical properties were achieved. With the increase of TiB2 content, the flexural strength, fracture toughness and hardness of the Ti(C,N)-TiB2 cermets first increased, and then decreased, while their relative density consistently decreased. Attributed to an integration of the intergranular and intrangranular fracture behaviors, the Ti(C,N)-TiB2 cermets with 20 wt% TiB2 content exhibited the best overall properties with the relative density, hardness, fracture toughness and flexural strength at 99.3%, 1 995 HV, 7.92 MPa·m1/2 and 1 114 MPa, respectively. The underlying mechanism for their enhanced properties was studied in detail.
文摘Objective: This study looks to review different methods of lifestyle changing interventions, examine and compare them to determine usefulness, efficiency, and outcome in regard to future ventures to help control the rise of this type 2 diabetes. Methods: Three systematic reviews were found and compared based on efficacy and key differences in their approach to the ever-growing problem of type 2 diabetes. Outcomes and intervention styles of the studies were noted and critiqued based on their statistical significance. Conclusion: The first study revealed that multiple behavior change techniques (BCTs) correlate with a reduction in weight and HbA1c, especially when they work synergistically alongside one another. The second study spoke of how community intervention had an inclusive quality about it, which allowed for population variability to not affect implementation. It also showed that small incremental changes were best when trying to establish a change long-term across a large population. Finally, the third study revealed that, as the participant got closer to maintaining a good physical activity regiment, their self-efficacy also increased. The attributes of these studies give evidence that interventions that use multiple approaches are most effective when looking to improve physical activity and diet in Type 2 diabetics.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51571114 and 51201120)the Science and Technology Coordination and Innovation Project of Shaanxi Province(No.2016KTZDGY-04-01)the Shaanxi Provincial Education Department(Grant No.16JK1377)
文摘Micro-arc oxidation （MAO） coatings with different concentrations of K2TiO（C2O4）2 in the sodium silicate base electrolyte were prepared on 6061 aluminum alloy with the aim of promoting a better understanding of the formation mechanisms and tribological behaviors of the coatings. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） assisted with energy-dis- persive X-ray spectroscopy （EDS）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and friction test were employed to charac- terize the MAO processes and microstructure of the resultant coatings. Results showed that the composition and microstructure of the coatings were significantly affected by the addition of KETiO（CaO4）2. A sealing microstructure of MAO coating was obtained with the addition of K2TiO（C2O4）2. Ti element from K2TiO（C2O4）2 was only absorbed into the defects of micropores under surface energy in the early stage, while in the later stage, Ti element was predominant in the micropores and distributed on the coatings under plasma discharge to form TiO2. It was demonstrated that Ti and Si elements from the electrolyte could interact with each other during the MAO process and the interaction mechanism was systematically analyzed. Wear resistance of the MAO coatings with K2TiO（C2O4）2 addition was significantly improved compared with that of the MAO coatings without K2TiO（C2O4）2 addition.
基金This work was supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant Nos.51872211 and 51702065)the Special Project of Central Government for Local Science and Technology Development of Hubei Province(2019ZYYD003 and 2019ZYYD076).
文摘h-BN can be applied in Al_(2)O_(3)–C refractories to substitute graphite due to their similar crystal structure and better resistance to molten steel and oxidation.The effects of h-BN particle size on the mechanical properties and fracture behavior of Al_(2)O_(3)–C refractories were investigated through wedge splitting test and microstructural analyses.The obtained results demonstrated that the addition of larger-sized h-BN was conducive to the growth of in situ formed SiC whiskers,which contributed to the highest flexural strength(42.63±3.10 MPa)of specimen D10.In comparison,the smaller-sized h-BN can induce more crack propagation paths along the interface and within matrix,leading to more tortuous crack propagation paths,and thus the thermal shock-related parameters such as specific fracture energy,characteristic length,and thermal shock resistance were improved.Consequently,the residual strength ratio of Al_(2)O_(3)–C refractories was increased from 35.5%to 42.5%with decreasing the h-BN particle size from 10 to 0.1μm.
