High Speed VCSEL-Based Parallel Optical Transmission Modules

Design and fabrication of a parallel optical transmitter are reported. The optimized 12 channel parallel optical transmitter,with each channel＇s data rate up to 3Gbit/s,is designed, assembled, and measured. A top-emitting 850nm vertical cavity surface emitting laser（VCSEL） array is adopted as the light source,and the VCSEL chip is directly wire bonded to a 12 channel driver IC. The outputs of the VCSEL array are directly butt coupled into a 12 channel fiber array. Small form factor pluggable （SFP） packaging technology is used in the module to support hot pluggable in application. The performance results of the module are demonstrated. At an operating current of 8mA, an eye diagram at 3Gbit/s is achieved with an optical output of more than 1mW.

Transmission Index Research of Parallel Manipulators Based on Matrix Orthogonal Degree

Performance index mance evaluation, and is the is the standard of perfor- foundation of both perfor- mance analysis and optimal design for the parallel manipulator. Seeking the suitable kinematic indices is always an important and challenging issue for the parallel manipulator. So far, there are extensive studies in this field, but few existing indices can meet all the requirements, such as simple, intuitive, and universal. To solve this problem, the matrix orthogonal degree is adopted, and generalized transmission indices that can evaluate motion/force trans- missibility of fully parallel manipulators are proposed. Transmission performance analysis of typical branches, end effectors, and parallel manipulators is given to illus- trate proposed indices and analysis methodology. Simula- tion and analysis results reveal that proposed transmission indices possess significant advantages, such as normalized finite （ranging from 0 to l）, dimensionally homogeneous, frame-free, intuitive and easy to calculate. Besides, pro- posed indices well indicate the good transmission region and relativity to the singularity with better resolution than the traditional local conditioning index, and provide a novel tool for kinematic analysis and optimal design of fully parallel manipulators.

OPTIMAL TORQUE CONTROL STRATEGY FOR PARALLEL HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE WITH AUTOMATIC MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION

In parallel hybrid electrical vehicle （PHEV） equipped with automatic mechanical transmission （AMT）, the driving smoothness and the clutch abrasion are the primary considerations for powertrain control during gearshift and clutch operation. To improve these performance indexes of PHEV, a coordinated control system is proposed through the analyzing of HEV powertrain dynamic characteristics. Using the method of minimum principle, the input torque of transmission is optimized to improve the driving smoothness of vehicle. Using the methods of fuzzy logic and fuzzy-PID, the engaging speed of clutch and the throttle opening of engine are manipulated to ensure the smoothness of clutch engagement and reduce the abrasion of clutch friction plates. The motor provides the difference between the required input torque of transmission and the torque transmitted through clutch plates. Results of simulation and experiments show that the proposed control strategy performs better than the contrastive control system, the smoothness of driving and the abrasion of clutch can be improved simultaneously.

Coupling analysis of transmission lines excited by space electromagnetic fields based on time domain hybrid method using parallel technique

We present a time domain hybrid method to realize the fast coupling analysis of transmission lines excited by space electromagnetic fields, in which parallel finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, interpolation scheme, and Agrawal model-based transmission line (TL) equations are organically integrated together. Specifically, the Agrawal model is employed to establish the TL equations to describe the coupling effects of space electromagnetic fields on transmission lines. Then, the excitation fields functioning as distribution sources in TL equations are calculated by the parallel FDTD method through using the message passing interface (MPI) library scheme and interpolation scheme. Finally, the TL equations are discretized by the central difference scheme of FDTD and assigned to multiple processors to obtain the transient responses on the terminal loads of these lines. The significant feature of the presented method is embodied in its parallel and synchronous calculations of the space electromagnetic fields and transient responses on the lines. Numerical simulations of ambient wave acting on multi-conductor transmission lines (MTLs), which are located on the PEC ground and in the shielded cavity respectively, are implemented to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the presented method.

Accurate Fault Location Modeling for Parallel Transmission Lines Considering Mutual Effect

:A new accurate algorithms based on mathematical modeling of two parallel transmissions lines system(TPTLS)as influenced by the mutual effect to determine the fault location is discussed in this work.The distance relay measures the impedance to the fault location which is the positive-sequence.The principle of summation the positive-,negative-,and zero-sequence voltages which equal zero is used to determine the fault location on the TPTLS.Also,the impedance of the transmission line to the fault location is determined.These algorithms are applied to single-line-to-ground(SLG)and double-line-to-ground(DLG)faults.To detect the fault location along the transmission line,its impedance as seen by the distance relay is determined to indicate if the fault is within the relay’s reach area.TPTLS under study are fed from one-and both-ends.A schematic diagrams are obtained for the impedance relays to determine the fault location with high accuracy.

OPTIMIZATION OF TRANSIENT FEEDING TO PARALLEL-PLATE TRANSMISSION LINES FROM COAXIAL LINE

The transient feeding to parallel-plate transmission lines from coaxial line is optimized by using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method and a simple FDTD feed model. Observing the reflected voltages, this letter presents the optimal feeding position and ratio of width to height for a given input impedance of the coaxial line.

Parallel-Transmission: A New Usage of Multi-Radio Diversity in Wireless Mesh Network

To fully utilize the diversity of multi-radio, a new parallel transmission method for wireless mesh network is proposed. Compared with conventional packet transmission which follows “one flow on one radio”, it uses the radio diversity to transmit the packets on different radios simultaneously. Three components are presented to achieve parallel-transmission, which are control module, selection module and schedule module. A localized selecting algorithm selects the right radios based on the quality of wireless links. Two kinds of distributed scheduling algorithms are implemented to transmit packets on the selected radios. Finally, a parallel-adaptive routing metric is presented. Simulation results by NS2 show that this parallel-transmission scheme could enhance the average throughput of network by more than 10%.

Fault location for parallel transmission lines using one-terminal current traveling waves

With proper phase module transformation,parallel lines can be decomposed to the same directional net and the reverse directional net. The propagation characteristics of traveling waves in the reverse directional net were analyzed,and the refraction coefficient at the fault point for a single phase fault was derived. In addition,the module selection was discussed. Simulation results show that satisfying accuracy can be achieved with the proposed method. Moreover,it is immune to fault types,fault resistances,and outside system parameters.

Online One-End Fault Location Algorithm for Parallel Transmission Lines

Fault location and distance protection are essential smart grid technologies ensuring reliability of the power system. This paper describes an accurate algorithm for locating faults on double-circuit transmission lines. The proposed approach is capable of identifying the faulted circuit of a parallel transmission line by checking the estimated fault location and fault resistance. Voltage and current measurements from only one of the terminals of the faulty line are used. No pre-fault data are required for the estimation. The lumped parameter line model considering shunt capacitance is utilized for the derivation of the algorithm. It’s assumed that line parameters are known and transmission lines are fully transposed. The method is applicable to all types of faults. It’s evinced by evaluation studies that the proposed algorithm can correctly determine the faulted circuit in most cases. For exceptional cases, the current waveforms during the fault can be used to help identify the faulted circuit. The proposed algorithm generates quite accurate fault location estimates, and may be suitable for distance relaying.

无伴随运动2PRU-PRUR并联机构高维多目标优化设计

设计了一种无伴随运动的面对称一移动两转动2PRU-PRUR并联机构,应用旋量理论分析了机构自由度和运动特性。将末端执行器输出轴设置为偏置形式,可提高姿态能力。采用球面姿态角(方位角和倾摆角)描述该输出轴姿态,并推导出机构逆向位置符号解。以旋量理论为数学工具,给出局部和全域传递性能指标的定义和计算方法。在机构性能评价和工作空间分析的基础上,建立了机构尺度参数昂贵约束高维多目标优化模型,并采用多目标进化算法求解该问题。同时,为提高高维多目标优化算法在解决此模型时的性能,提出了一种矢量角高维多目标差分进化(Vector-angle-based many-objective Differential Evolution,VaDE)算法,可综合平衡个体的收敛性和分布性。应用VaDE求解机构高维多目标优化问题,得到多组Pareto备选解。研究结果可为机构尺度综合和实际应用提供参考。

基于VIKOR的多网并行传输选网算法

海上异构无线网络通信场景下,针对单一无线网络难以承载大带宽业务的现实问题,提出了一种基于VIKOR的多网并行传输网络选择算法。该算法首先将多个网络的参数聚合,筛选可用网络组合;然后,结合网络属性的主客观权重和用户偏好权重得到网络属性的综合权重;最后,根据VIKOR方法对网络组合进行排序,选出最佳网络组合方案。仿真结果表明:该算法具有可行性,相较于传统算法,在舰船通信业务繁忙情况下选网综合性能更优。

端接复杂电路传输线网络的电磁耦合时域并行计算方法

针对端接复杂电路传输线(TL)网络的电磁耦合问题,仍缺乏高效的场路协同仿真技术。该文将传输线方程与时域有限差分(FDTD)方法、诺顿定理和置换定理以及NGSPICE软件相结合,并引入消息传递接口(MPI)并行技术,提出一种高效的时域混合并行算法(FDTDTL-NGSPICE)。首先,根据诺顿定理和置换定理,将传输线网络分解为传输线子系统和复杂电路子系统,并构建对应的等效电路模型。然后,使用FDTDTL并行算法计算传输线子系统沿线各点的电压和电流,并获取对应诺顿等效电路的电流源和等效导纳大小。最后,使用NGSPICE对复杂电路子系统进行传导干扰分析,获得复杂电路各元件上的瞬态响应,并将端口电压反馈给传输线子系统作为边界,实现传输线网络电磁耦合的场线路联合协同仿真。通过对3类典型场景的计算实例,分别使用时域混合并行算法和电磁仿真软件CST电缆工作室(CS)进行数值模拟并对比,验证所提算法的置信度。

750kV单回并行输电线路电磁辐射环境研究

采用《环境影响评价技术导则输变电》(HJ 24—2020)附录C、D推荐的计算模式对750 kV单回并行输电线路电磁辐射环境进行计算与预测。结果表明,经过耕地、园地、牧草地、畜禽饲养地、道路等场所,当导线对地最小高度为15.5 m时,单回并行线路下的工频电场强度最大值超过10 kV/m;需将导线对地最小高度提至16.5 m,才能满足4 kV/m控制限值要求。750 kV单回并行输电线路产生的工频磁场强度小于公众曝露控制限值(100μT),一般情况下不会成为线路建设的环境制约因素;但其产生的工频电场是电磁环境影响的主要因素,电场强度控制限值(4 kV/m)是线路建设的环境制约因素,同时也是输变电电磁环境重点控制因素。现场实测结果与理论预测结果符合性较好,表明采用的预测模式具有较好的应用性,研究结果可为750 kV单回并行输电线路的建设和环境监管提供支持。

用于VSLAM系统的CNN在FPGA平台上的加速

为实现视觉同步定位与建图系统中卷积神经网络在FPGA上的加速,基于SuperPoint模型设计一种低功耗高效CNN加速器及相应的SoC系统。采用循环分块、数据复用、计算单元展开和双缓冲策略充分利用加速器的片上资源;为提高突发传输效率,预先对权重参数重排;提出Pack模块和Unpack模块,设计多通道数据传输,用于提高传输带宽。在Ultra96-V2 FPGA平台上部署整个SoC系统,在仅3 W左右的功耗下实现25.63 GOPS的吞吐量,其BRAM效率、DSP效率、性能密度和功耗效率相比之前的文献有明显优势。

3轨式横向对称分布6-PSS并联机构及性能优化

针对多滑块共轨式6-PSS并联机构存在的姿态工作空间小、容易奇异等问题,课题组提出一种3轨式分布的6-PSS并联机构(P为移动副,S为球副)。该并联机构杆件长度和轨道间距呈不均匀布置,以提升姿态工作空间;采用闭环矢量法进行位置分析,通过极限边界搜索法求解工作空间;基于运动/力传递指标对机构性能进行评估,并采用性能图谱法基于全域指标GTI进行机构尺寸优化。结果表明优化后机构运动/力传递性能有显著提升,同时姿态工作空间也得到提升。该机构在工程上有一定的实用性。

基于联合功率量/载波调制的DC-DC变换器功率/数据复合传输方法

DC-DC变换器可以同时进行功率变换和数据传输。针对较低通信速率限制功率/数据复合传输(power/data multiplexing transmission,PDMT)应用的难题,提出一种联合功率量/载波调制(joint power/carrier modulation,JPCM)的新方案。与传统二进制PDMT方案不同,JPCM同时对功率量/载波进行2FSK调制,实现两种数据并行传输,可以看作一种四进制FSK,有效提高通信速率。相较于传统四进制PDMT方案,JPCM方案解调环节所需带通滤波器数目可减少一半,且软件开销更低。首先,证明PDMT在理论上的可行性;然后,根据4种不同电压纹波频率配置不同码元,并设计了包含高低数据位调制的JPCM和基于滑动傅里叶变换的数据解调方案;此外,重点分析输出参考电压突变对通信的影响,动态调整阈值可有效抑制误码;最后,搭建一个由2个Buck变换器并联的实验装置,实验结果表明在稳态、负载突变和输出参考电压突变的工况下,JPCM方案均能实现20 kb/s的通信速率,验证了该方案的有效性。

基于AES算法和混沌映射的嵌入式终端数据传输并行加密方法

传统嵌入式终端数据传输并行加密方法易受到数据传输迭代过程中暂态特性的影响,加密后数据信息丢失量较大,加密效果不佳。为了减少加密后的信息丢失量,提升加密安全性,提出基于高级加密标准算法和混沌映射的嵌入式终端数据传输并行加密方法。根据嵌入式系统中数据的属性分布情况,对其进行编码设计,基于混沌映射原理,对数据进行初级加密,并对传输数据进行整合,求取其状态矩阵,以消除数据传输迭代过程中暂态的影响,以此为依据,采用AES算法,对数据进行轮钥加密,由此实现数据传输并行加密。对比实验结果显示,所提方法能够为数据提供一个安全且稳定的传输空间,加密后的信息丢失量很小。

基于分布式应变测量的光纤形状还原算法研究

为了验证并行传输标架还原光纤传感器形状的可行性和准确性,设计了基于单模光纤的形状传感器,提出了利用有限元分析方法进行形状传感器建模和分布式应变信息的提取,对比分析了并行传输标架和弗莱纳标架在形状传感器不同弯曲形状和不同应变采样点数下的还原精度。结果表明:并行传输标架进行传感器形状还原时,不仅很好地还原了传感器的形状,而且弥补了在奇点位置前后弗莱纳标架方向发生突变,造成还原结果出现较大误差的不足。并行传输标架的远端位置误差低于光纤总长度的0.003 42%,相较弗莱纳标架,降低了10倍。

用于激光无线能量传输的分布式最大功率点追踪系统研究(内封面文章)

在激光无线能量传输中,由于瞄准系统误差和物体遮挡的影响,光电池阵列接收到的激光辐照分布不均匀,导致光电池阵列组串内的电池间出现电流失配,输出功率下降。针对该问题,采用分布式最大功率点追踪(Distributed Maximum Power Point Tracking,DMPPT)技术,减少光电池阵列组串内的电池间电流失配,并用并联型Boost(PT-Boost)电路替代传统Boost电路,降低DC/DC转换器的输入电流纹波,使DMPPT系统获得高追踪效率。实验结果表明,相较于传统Boost电路,PT-Boost电路的追踪效率提高3.6%,达到93.5%。在上述研究的基础上,设置了遮光率分别为0%、25%和50%的激光无线能量传输场景,DMPPT系统整体效率分别达到了93%、92.6%和90.3%。该研究结果对激光辐照不均匀场景下激光无线能量传输的最大功率点追踪指导意义。