Chirp-Rate Resolution of Fractional Fourier Transform in Multi-component LFM Signal

Distinguishing close chirp-rates of different linear frequency modulation （LFM） signals under concentrated and complicated signal environment was studied. Firstly, detection and parameter estimation of multi-component LFM signal were used by discrete fast fractional Fourier transform （FrFT）. Then the expression of chirp-rate resolution in fractional Fourier domain （FrFD） was deduced from discrete normalize time-frequency distribution, when multi-component LFM signal had only one center frequency. Furthermore, the detail influence of the sampling time, sampling frequency and chirp-rate upon the resolution was analyzed by partial differential equation. Simulation results and analysis indicate that increasing the sampling time can enhance the resolution, but the influence of the sampling frequency can he omitted. What＇s more, in multi-component LFM signal, the chirp-rate resolution of FrFT is no less than a minimal value, and it mainly dependent on the biggest value of chirp-rates, with which it has an approximately positive exponential relationship.

Research on DOA Estimation of Multi-Component LFM Signals Based on the FRFT

A novel algorithm for the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation based on the fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) is proposed. Firstly, using the properties of FRFT and mask processing, Multi-component LFM sig-nals are filtered and demodulated into a number of stationary single frequency signals. Then the one-dimensional (1-D) direction estimation of LFM signals can be achieved by combining with the tradi-tional spectrum search method in the fractional Fourier (FRF) domain. As for the multi-component LFM signals, there is no cross-term interference, the mean square error (MSE) and Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) are also analyzed which perfects the method theoretically, simulation results are provided to show the validity of our method. The proposed algorithm is also extended to the uniform circular array (UCA), which realizes the two-dimensional (2-D) estimation. Using the characteristics of time-frequency rotation and demodulation of FRFT, the observed LFM signals are demodulated into a series of single frequency ones;secondly, operate the beam-space mapping to the single frequency signals in FRF domain, which UCA in array space is changed into the virtual uniform circular array (ULA) in mode space;finally, the DOA estimation can be realized by the traditional spectral estimation method. Compared with other method, the complex time-frequency cluster and the parameter matching computation are avoided;meanwhile enhances the esti-mation precision by a certain extent. The proposed algorithm can also be used in the multi-path and Doppler frequency shift complex channel, which expands its application scope. In a word, a demodulated DOA esti-mation algorithm is proposed and is applied to 1-D and 2-D angle estimation by dint of ULA and UCA re-spectively. The detailed theoretical analysis and adequate simulations are given to support our proposed al-gorithm, which enriches the theory of the FRFT.

Research on shell-side heat and mass transfer with multi-component in LNG spiral-wound heat exchanger under sloshing conditions

The spiral-wound heat exchanger(SWHE) is the primary low-temperature heat exchanger for large-scale LNG plants due to its high-pressure resistance, compact structure, and high heat exchange efficiency. This paper studied the shell-side heat and mass transfer characteristics of vapor-liquid two-phase mixed refrigerants in an SWHE by combining a multi-component model in FLUENT software with a customized multicomponent mass transfer model. Besides, the mathematical model under the sloshing condition was obtained through mathematical derivation, and the corresponding UDF code was loaded into FLUENT as the momentum source term. The results under the sloshing conditions were compared with the relevant parameters under the steady-state condition. The shell-side heat and mass transfer characteristics of the SWHE were investigated by adjusting the component ratio and other working conditions. It was found that the sloshing conditions enhance the heat transfer performance and sometimes have insignificant effects. The sloshing condition is beneficial to reduce the flow resistance. The comprehensive performance of multi-component refrigerants has been improved and the improvement is more significant under sloshing conditions, considering both the heat transfer and pressure drop.These results will provide theoretical support for the research and design of multi-component heat and mass transfer enhancement of LNG SWHE under ocean sloshing conditions.

基于多分量LFM信号时频分析的水声多普勒和时延估计研究

在水声多普勒因子和时延估计研究实用化的进程中,利用多分量线性调频(LFM)信号实现估计的算法研究越来越普遍。针对多分量LFM信号时频域存有交叉项时各分量参数估计不准确的问题,提出基于非完全残差与脊线段匹配的自适应模态分解方法。该方法采用非完全残差函数保留了交叉点处的部分时频信息,利用脊线段匹配方法提供更精确的预设时频脊线,改进了各分量LFM信号调频斜率和起始频率的估计精度。联合两个估计量进一步给出了多普勒因子和时延估计的算法。仿真结果表示,较现有模态分解算法,所提改进方法有效解决了估计分量过程中交叉区间断裂带来的估计误差;水声多径的条件下,该方法的多普勒因子和时延估计精度优于对比的现有方法。

2D Q-compensated multi-component elastic Gaussian beam migration

Elastic waves are affected by viscoelasticity during the propagation through the Earth,resulting in energy attenuation and phase distortion,in turn resulting in low seismic imaging accuracy.Therefore,viscoelasticity should be considered in seismic migration imaging.We propose a Q compensated multicomponent elastic Gaussian beam migration(Q-EGBM)method to(1)separate the elastic-wave data into longitudinal(P)and transverse(S)waves to perform PP-wave and PS-wave imaging;(2)recover the amplitude loss caused by attenuation;(3)correct phase distortions caused by dispersion;(4)improve the resolution of migration imaging.In this paper,to accomplish(2),(3),and(4),we derive complex-valued traveltimes in viscoelastic media.The results of numerical experiments using a simple five-layer model and a sophisticated BP gas model show that the method presented here has significant advantages in recovering energy decay and correcting phase distortion,as well as significantly improving imaging resolution.

基于FRFT的低信噪比LFM信号参数快速估计算法

基于分数阶傅里叶变换(Fractional Fourier Transform,FRFT)对线性调频(Linear Frequency Modulated,LFM)信号参数进行估计,问题关键是确定FRFT最佳阶数,根据误差迭代思想提出新的参数估计算法,该算法利用归一化带宽和旋转角的转化关系,由估计误差推算角度差值,有效降低了运算量,不需要调频斜率正负的先验信息,改进的对数搜索算法可以进一步提高参数估计结果的稳定性和可靠性。仿真结果表明,信噪比在-8 dB以上时该方法在高效率的前提下仍具有良好的参数估计性能,平均估计误差在1%以内,估计结果接近Cramer-Rao下限,满足工程实时处理需求。

Analysis on the formation principle and present situation of nano phase state of multi-component self-assembly of traditional Chinese compound medicine decoction

Traditional Chinese medicine decoction is a complex polydispersed phase system containing real solution,colloid solution,emulsion and suspension.The compound decoction of traditional Chinese medicine has complex components,including saponins,alkaloids,polysaccharides,flavonoids,amino acids and so on,which can be self-assembled to form gels,fibers,micelles,vesicles and so on.The self-assembled nano-phase not only neutralizes the single drug and reduces the toxicity and side effects,but also has its own pharmacological effects,which complement each other to achieve synergistic effect,so as to achieve the role of drug supplement,which is of research significance.The formation principle,solubilization and synergism principle and characterization method of multi-component self-assembly of traditional Chinese medicine compound decoction are discussed in this paper.

Effects of CH_(4)/CO_(2) multi-component gas on components and properties of tight oil during CO_(2) utilization and storage: Physical experiment and composition numerical simulation

An essential technology of carbon capture, utilization and storage-enhanced oil recovery (CCUS-EOR) for tight oil reservoirs is CO_(2) huff-puff followed by associated produced gas reinjection. In this paper, the effects of multi-component gas on the properties and components of tight oil are studied. First, the core displacement experiments using the CH_(4)/CO_(2) multi-component gas are conducted to determine the oil displacement efficiency under different CO_(2) and CH_(4) ratios. Then, a viscometer and a liquid density balance are used to investigate the change characteristics of oil viscosity and density after multi-component gas displacement with different CO_(2) and CH_(4) ratios. In addition, a laboratory scale numerical model is established to validate the experimental results. Finally, a composition model of multi-stage fractured horizontal well in tight oil reservoir considering nano-confinement effects is established to investigate the effects of multi-component gas on the components of produced dead oil and formation crude oil. The experimental results show that the oil displacement efficiency of multi-component gas displacement is greater than that of single-component gas displacement. The CH_(4) decreases the viscosity and density of light oil, while CO_(2) decreases the viscosity but increases the density. And the numerical simulation results show that CO_(2) extracts more heavy components from the liquid phase into the vapor phase, while CH_(4) extracts more light components from the liquid phase into the vapor phase during cyclic gas injection. The multi-component gas can extract both the light components and the heavy components from oil, and the balanced production of each component can be achieved by using multi-component gas huff-puff.

Optimization of extended warranty cost for multi-component systems with economic dependence based on group maintenance

During extended warranty(EW)period,maintenance events play a key role in controlling the product systems within normal operations.However,the modelling of failure process and maintenance optimization is complicated owing to the complex features of the product system,namely,components of the multi-component system are interdependent with each other in some form.For the purpose of optimizing the EW pricing decision of the multi-component system scientifically and rationally,taking the series multi-component system with economic dependence sold with EW policy as a research object,this paper optimizes the imperfect preventive maintenance(PM)strategy from the standpoint of EW cost.Taking into consideration adjusting the PM moments of the components in the system,a group maintenance model is developed,in which the system is repaired preventively in accordance with a specified PM base interval.In order to compare with the system EW cost before group maintenance,the system EW cost model before group maintenance is developed.Numerical example demonstrates that offering group maintenance programs can reduce EW cost of the system to a great extent,thereby reducing the EW price,which proves to be a win-win strategy to manufacturers and users.

基于FPGA的LFM雷达系统的多目标检测实现

通过硬件设计和信号处理算法的有效结合,利用FPGA实现频域上的脉冲压缩,根据实际需求设计雷达参数,实现对多目标的检测。与传统的电路作比较,FPGA在信号处理和复杂算法加速等方面的优势,在高速的同时也解决了灵活性不足的问题。对线性调频信号以及脉冲压缩基本原理的研究,通过使用MATLAB产生回波信号,将其传输到设计好的FPGA电路中,最后将处理后的数据传回MATLAB画出距离–速度二维图,与仿真结果进行对比。实验结果验证了FPGA实现的频域匹配滤波能够拥有较好的测距和测速能力,硬件加速在提高雷达系统性能方面有出色的性能和广泛的应用前景。

基于LFM算法的办公日志数据属性加密传输技术

在传统办公环境中,员工和管理员缺乏足够的安全意识,对安全问题的重视程度不够,导致数据泄露的问题时常发生,办公日志数据加密传输方法的安全系数较低。为此,文章提出了基于线性反馈移位寄存器(Linear Feedback Shift Register,LFM)算法的办公日志数据属性加密传输技术。文章设计了办公日志数据属性编码,利用LFM算法设定数据属性编码加密传输子密钥,通过对客户端和服务器端的加密传送,实现了对办公室日志的数据属性的加密传送。通过设计对照试验,所得实验结果证明了采用该方法后办公日志数据的安全系数超过了0.9,显示出极高的安全性,为企业的办公日志数据加密传输方法提供了更为可靠的保障措施。

转发式干扰条件下LFM雷达的检测概率估计

对多雷达干扰效果评估的难点在于分析干扰机对非目标雷达的影响。针对干扰机转发一部线性调频(linear frequency modulation,LFM)雷达的信号无意干扰另一部LFM雷达时的检测概率估计问题,首先计算了被干扰雷达对干扰信号在空域、频域和时域上的接收增益;其次将干扰信号在判决单元中的统计特性建模为非中心卡方分布,并给出了检测概率和虚警概率的计算方法。仿真结果表明,在一部干扰机的无意干扰下,估计的检测概率可作为被干扰雷达检测概率的上限;为达到同样的干扰效果,转发非目标雷达的信号实施干扰,比转发目标雷达的信号进行干扰所需的干扰功率更少。

基于Z变换和改进FRI的LFM信号参数估计方法研究

为了完成线性调频(linear frequency modulation,LFM)信号的稀疏采样,并利用稀疏数据对原始信号参数进行估计,本文提出了一种基于Z变换和改进有限新息率(finite rate of innovation,FRI)的LFM信号参数估计方法。以Z变换理论为基础,设计了一种数学模型,一旦信号能够表达成该数学模型的结构形式,就能通过Z变换和零化滤波器的方法估计信号参数。然后,利用了自相关延迟的FRI结构对LFM信号采样,该结构不仅完成了LFM信号的稀疏采样,而且稀疏采样结果能够与数学模型结构相符。在理论上通过数学论证的方式证明了所提方法能够用于获取LFM信号参数信息,并通过仿真和实测数据验证了所提方法的有效性,理论和实验结果表明该方法只需要4个采样点就能实现对LFM信号的参数估计,并且实验中的参数估计误差均在3%以内,极大的提高有限新息率采样的参数估计效率。

MSK-LFM一体化信号波形相关性分析与参数选择

以二进制数字信号最佳接收准则为依据,分析了MSK-LFM雷达通信一体化信号不同码元对应波形的相关性。利用fresnel函数得到了波形相关系数的表达式;通过数值仿真得到了相关系数随LFM信号的初始频率、调频率、脉冲内码元调制速率等参数的变化关系;构建MSK-LFM信号正交调制、解调仿真模型进行验证。研究表明,通过增大初始频率、调频率或减少调制速率可降低信号误码率;当初始频率远大于脉冲内码元调制速率时可认为不同码元波形正交。

AVAILABILITY SIMULATION OF MULTI-COMPONENT SYSTEM BASED ON OPPORTUNISTIC MAINTENANCE POLICY

A multi-component system has the long fixed maintenance time, so the opportunistic maintenance policy is adopted to put preventive replacement and corrective replacement together, so that the long fixed maintenance time can be shared by more than one component, and the system availability can be improved. Then, the generation characteristics of the random failure time are researched based on the replacement maintenance and the minima[ maintenance. Furthermore, by choosing the opportunistic replacement ages of each component as opti- mized variables, a simulation algorithm based on an opportunistic maintenance policy is designed to maximize the total availability. Finally, the simulation result shows the validity of the algorithm by an example.

两维FFT和VD-DPT算法结合的LFM信号参数估计方法

针对低信噪比下长序列LFM信号参数估计方法存在运算量大,实时性差的问题,提出了基于两维傅里叶变换(FFT)和变时延离散多项式相位变换(VD-DPT)相结合的LFM信号参数估计方法。该方法首先将一维长序列信号进行分解并组合成两维数组;其次,利用VD-DPT算法对调频率参数进行初步估计,并以此为基础利用解线性调频变换(Dechirp)对两维数组进行最大值寻优处理。数值仿真表明:所提方法较传统DPT方法信噪比提高约2~3 dB,复乘运算量在调频率较大时,较Dechirp方法降低约1个数量级以上,具有明显的运算速度优势。该方法也可应用于高机动微弱目标的雷达检测系统。

一种超宽带雷达LFM信号数字产生器校正方法

UWB雷达LFM信号源的设计是UWB雷达系统设计的关键技术之一,其信号质量直接影响UWB雷达的整体探测性能。针对基于DDWS方法的“I/Q基带数字产生+正交调制+倍频”方式的UWB-LFM信号产生器,从频域角度建立误差信号的数学模型;分析系统误差提取和补偿的可行性,并提出一种针对系统误差的数字预失真校正方法。该方法将系统失真的补偿函数特性等效到系统数字输入端,通过改变波形存储器中的样点数据实现系统失真的校正和补偿。仿真结果表明该方法可以显著改善UWB雷达LFM信号的质量,验证了该方法的可行性、正确性和有效性。

Multi-component Dirac equation hierarchy and its multi-component integrable couplings system

A general scheme for generating a multi-component integrable equation hierarchy is proposed. A simple 3M- dimensional loop algebra ~X is produced. By taking advantage of ~X a new isospectral problem is established and then by making use of the Tu scheme the multi-component Dirac equation hierarchy is obtained. Finally, an expanding loop algebra ~FM of the loop algebra ~X is presented. Based on the ~FM, the multi-component integrable coupling system of the multi-component Dirac equation hierarchy is investigated. The method in this paper can be applied to other nonlinear evolution equation hierarchies.

Multi-component AVO response of thin beds based on reflectance spectrum theory

Seismic AVO analysis now is one of the major criteria for recognizing potential hydrocarbon reservoirs. Volume scattering information that carries information of stratigraphic structure, lithology, and pore fluid is more useful for seismic exploration. However, traditional AVO analysis is based on the Zoeppritz equation, which only contains single-interface information. Quantitative interpretation of the thin bed thickness is essential to thin bed structure interpretation, reservoir description, and lateral reservoir prediction. The reflectance spectrum equation based on the elastic wave propagation matrix in the frequency domain derived in this paper shows that both interfaces and intervals have an effect on amplitude. The equation includes information about both single interfaces and volume scattering. Since the reflectance spectrum equation is a continuous function of thin bed thickness and frequency, it is convenient to analyze the effects of a single frequency and bed thickness on the reflectance spectrum. Bed thickness is analyzable until the bed thickness is vanishingly small. These characteristics can＇t be achieved by Fourier transform. The propagation of seismic waves is complex and various wave modes exist simultaneously. The reflectance spectrum includes various propagating wave modes and multiples and is better for simulating multi-component thin bed AVO responses than the ray tracing method.

Layout problem of multi-component systems arising for improving maintainability

To improve the mainlainability design efficiency and quality, a layout optimization method for maintainability of multi-component systems was proposed. The impact of the component layout design on system maintainability was analyzed, and the layout problem for maintainability was presented. It was formulated as an optimization problem, where maintainability, layout space and distance requirement were formulated as objective functions. A multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm, in which the constrained-domination relationship and the update strategy of the global best were simply modified, was then used to obtain Pareto optimal solutions for the maintainability layout design problem. Finally, application in oxygen generation system of a spacecraft was studied in detail to illustrate the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed method. The results show that the concurrent maintainability design can be carried out during the layout design process by solving the layout optimization problem for maintainability.