Reservoir heterogeneity analysis using multi-directional textural attributes from deep learning-based enhanced acoustic impedance inversion:A study from Poseidon,NW shelf Australia

Reservoir heterogeneities play a crucial role in governing reservoir performance and management.Traditionally,detailed and inter-well heterogeneity analyses are commonly performed by mapping seismic facies change in the seismic data,which is a time-intensive task.Many researchers have utilized a robust Grey-level co-occurrence matrix(GLCM)-based texture attributes to map reservoir heterogeneity.However,these attributes take seismic data as input and might not be sensitive to lateral lithology variation.To incorporate the lithology information,we have developed an innovative impedance-based texture approach using GLCM workflow by integrating 3D acoustic impedance volume(a rock propertybased attribute)obtained from a deep convolution network-based impedance inversion.Our proposed workflow is anticipated to be more sensitive toward mapping lateral changes than the conventional amplitude-based texture approach,wherein seismic data is used as input.To evaluate the improvement,we applied the proposed workflow to the full-stack 3D seismic data from the Poseidon field,NW-shelf,Australia.This study demonstrates that a better demarcation of reservoir gas sands with improved lateral continuity is achievable with the presented approach compared to the conventional approach.In addition,we assess the implication of multi-stage faulting on facies distribution for effective reservoir characterization.This study also suggests a well-bounded potential reservoir facies distribution along the parallel fault lines.Thus,the proposed approach provides an efficient strategy by integrating the impedance information with texture attributes to improve the inference on reservoir heterogeneity,which can serve as a promising tool for identifying potential reservoir zones for both production benefits and fluid storage.

Simplified prediction models for acoustic installation effects of train-mounted equipment

Acoustic models of railway vehicles in standstill and pass-by conditions can be used as part of a virtual certification process for new trains.For each piece of auxiliary equipment,the sound power measured on a test bench is combined with meas-ured or predicted transfer functions.It is important,however,to allow for installation effects due to shielding by fairings or the train body.In the current work,fast-running analytical models are developed to determine these installation effects.The model for roof-mounted sources takes account of diffraction at the corner of the train body or fairing,using a barrier model.For equipment mounted under the train,the acoustic propagation from the sides of the source is based on free-field Green’s functions.The bottom surfaces are assumed to radiate initially into a cavity under the train,which is modelled with a simple diffuse field approach.The sound emitted from the gaps at the side of the cavity is then assumed to propagate to the receivers according to free-field Green’s functions.Results show good agreement with a 2.5D boundary element model and with measurements.Modelling uncertainty and parametric uncertainty are evaluated.The largest variability occurs due to the height and impedance of the ground,especially for a low receiver.This leads to standard deviations of up to 4 dB at low frequencies.For the roof-mounted sources,uncertainty over the location of the corner used in the equivalent barrier model can also lead to large standard deviations.

Exact solution for thermal vibration of multi-directional functionally graded porous plates submerged in fluid medium

An analytical method for analyzing the thermal vibration of multi-directional functionally graded porous rectangular plates in fluid media with novel porosity patterns is developed in this study.Mechanical properties of MFG porous plates change according to the length,width,and thickness directions for various materials and the porosity distribution which can be widely applied in many fields of engineering and defence technology.Especially,new porous rules that depend on spatial coordinates and grading indexes are proposed in the present work.Applying Hamilton's principle and the refined higher-order shear deformation plate theory,the governing equation of motion of an MFG porous rectangular plate in a fluid medium(the fluid-plate system)is obtained.The fluid velocity potential is derived from the boundary conditions of the fluid-plate system and is used to compute the extra mass.The GalerkinVlasov solution is used to solve and give natural frequencies of MFG porous plates with various boundary conditions in a fluid medium.The validity and reliability of the suggested method are confirmed by comparing numerical results of the present work with those from available works in the literature.The effects of different parameters on the thermal vibration response of MFG porous rectangular plates are studied in detail.These findings demonstrate that the behavior of the structure within a liquid medium differs significantly from that within a vacuum medium.Thereby,they offer appropriate operational approaches for the structure when employed in various mediums.

Translation Theory and Techniques in Optometry Literature: A Case Study of the “Optoform 80 Installation and Maintenance Manual”

Translation of specialized documents in optometry presents unique challenges,requiring a deep understanding of the professional context,terminology,and adherence to specific translation styles.This paper delves into the translation theory and techniques employed in the English-to-Chinese translation of the“Optoform 80 Installation and Maintenance Manual”,serving as a case study.Emphasizing Nida’s theory of functional equivalence,the paper explores the complexities of translating professional optometry literature,focusing on key points and common issues in translating installation and maintenance manuals for optometric devices.Special attention is given to the translation of professional terminology,employing methods such as addition,omission,conversion,and repetition.The translation process aims to meet specific requirements,ensuring accuracy and coherence while aligning with Chinese language conventions.The paper also analyzes translation methods and techniques concerning terminology,prepositions,conjunctions,and handling parallel elements based on practical insights from the Optoform 80 Manual.

Construction Safety Management of Mechanical and Electrical Installation Projects

Various industries today rely on the support of electromechanical equipment,expanding its scope of application and leading to an increase in electromechanical installation projects.However,due to the high level of expertise required and the potential risks involved,it is crucial to emphasize safety management during construction.This paper delves into the significance of construction safety management for electromechanical installation projects,identifies common problems encountered during construction,and proposes solutions.This analysis aims to provide relevant personnel with essential guidance and references for managing electromechanical installation projects safely.

Construction Engineering,Equipment Installation,Construction Engineering

At present,with the development of society,China’s civil construction equipment installation engineering has many majors,complete catego-ries and high functional requirements.In particular,the installation of the equipment is a large amount of work,with a large number of types of work,with a strong degree of specialization,and also technically complex.In the construction of construction projects in China,the installation of engineer-ing equipment is a key control point of construction safety,and equipment installation has always been a key point that construction enterprises at-tach great importance to.The installation of engineering equipment will not only affect the overall progress of engineering construction,but also affect the quality of the project,therefore,the installation of construction equipment has played a vital role and has attracted increasing attention.Combined with the actual situation of construction enterprises,this paper briefly introduces some problems and solutions existing in the construction of construction enterprises.

Construction Technology of Lightning Protection Devices in Building Electrical Installation Engineering

To better improve the electrical safety of buildings and fulfill the role of lightning protection and grounding,this article combines cases and discusses seven aspects of lightning protection devices’construction technology.These aspects include the lightning protection classification of buildings,air terminals,down conductors,grounding devices,division of lightning protection zones,and lightning electromagnetic pulse shielding.Through the introduction of this article,readers can gain a comprehensive understanding of the application and value of lightning protection grounding construction technology in building electrical installation projects.

Dynamic Analysis of A Deep-Water Compliant Vertical Access Riser with A Variable Length During Installation

Compliant vertical access risers(CVAR)have broad application prospects in deep-water oil and gas transportation.However,the mechanical behaviors of the CVAR with a variable length during installation remains unclear.To address this issue,based on the flexible segment method,a model of CVAR with a variable length during installation is established in this study,which is verified by the comparison with commercial software.Then,the mechanical behaviors of CVAR during installation are investigated.The results reveal that the CVAR configuration is significantly affected by the buoyancy blocks.The streamwise displacement of CVAR increases with the increase of current velocity.When the BOP weight is insuffcient,obvious upbending is observed in the lower region and transition region,leading to local compression.When the platform moves in the opposite direction to the current,the maximum stress is larger than that of the scenario when the platform moves in the same direction as the current.

Studies on Suction-Assisted Installation Behavior of Suction Caissons in Clay Under Various Undrained Shear Strengths

Suction caissons are widely used for anchoring floating platform and offshore wind turbines.Penetration of the suction caisson into the desired position under the combination of its self-weight and applied suction resulted from pumping out the encased water is integral to practical engineering.Model tests were carried out to investigate the suctionassisted installation of suction caissons in clay under various undrained shear strengths.It was found that there exists a critical penetration depth value.When the penetration depth is smaller than the critical value,the soil plug undrained shear strength is higher than intact clay(i.e.,clay prior to installation).However,when the penetration depth is greater than the critical penetration depth,the undrained shear strength of soil plug is lower than intact clay.The critical value decreases with the increasing consolidation time and undrained shear strength of clay.During suction-assisted installation,cracks occur around suction caissons.The installation way has little effect on the crack formation.The influence range(i.e.,the maximum distance between the crack and the suction caisson edge)was found to increase with the increasing friction coefficient of interface between the suction caisson wall and soil and decreases with the increasing soil undrained shear strength.In addition,the drained condition of the clay during installation is dominated by the caisson aspect ratio,the undrained shear strength and the friction coefficient between the caisson wall and clay.Equations to estimate the penetration resistance and the required suction to install the suction caisson are summarized.

Structure uniformity and limits of grain refinement of high purity aluminum during multi-directional forging process at room temperature

The effect of forging passes on the refinement of high purity aluminum during multi-forging was investigated. The attention was focused on the structure uniformity due to deformation uniformity and the grain refinement limitation with very high strains. The results show that the fine grain zone in the center of sample expands gradually with the increase of forging passes. When the forging passes reach 6, an X-shape fine grain zone is initially formed. With a further increase of the passes, this X-shape zone tends to spread the whole sample. Limitation in the structural refinement is observed with increasing strains during multi-forging process at the room temperature. The grains size in the center is refined to a certain size （110 μm as forging passes reach 12, and there is no further grain refinement in the center with increasing the forging passes to 24. However, the size of the coarse grains near the surface is continuously decreased with increasing the forging passes to 24.

Installation and Debugging of Auto-control System in Fruit Wine Production Line

[Objective] The aim was to test the controlling effect of cleaning steriliza- tion system, material conveying system, and fermentation jar cooling system with equip- ments of fruit wine production line introduced in this study and its auto-control sys- tem field assembled and debugged. [Method] Based on controlling equipment and setting parameters on the configuration interface, the operation state of the control equipments could be real-time monitored and controlled with the help of configura- tion software. [Result] The result showed that the equipment system could reduce the temperature into 12 ℃ with the error of ＋0.5 ℃within 110 minutes when the fermentation temperature is set at 12 ℃ in real production. [Conclusion] The auto- control system of fruit wine production line was easy to be assembled and de- bugged to meet demands of different fruit wine productions.

使用IBM Installation Factory简化Web Sphere Application Server的安装和部署

本文重点介绍了IBMInstal-lation Factory(以下简称IF)的主要功能,讲解如何使用IF生成定制安装包和集成安装包,以及如何使用生成的定制安装包和集成安装包来简化和标准化Web Sphere Application Server的安装和部署。

One-Step-Installation of Offshore Wind Turbine on Large-Scale Bucket-Top-Bearing Bucket Foundation

In 2010,the first offshore wind turbine with integrated installation was established in Qidong sea area of Jiangsu Province,China,which led to the implementation phase of one-step-installation technique based on the design and construction of large-scale bucket-top-bearing (LSBTB) bucket foundation.The critical technique of LSBTB bucket foundation included self-floating towing,penetration with adjustment of horizontal levelness,removability and one-step-installation.The process of one-step-installation included the prefabrication of LSBTB bucket foundation in onshore construction base,installation and debugging of wind power,overall water transportation of foundation and wind power system,and installation of foundation and offshore wind turbine on the appointed sea area.The cost of one-step-installation technique was about 5 000 Yuan/kW,which was 30%-50% lower than that of the existing technique.The prefabrication of LSBTB bucket foundation took about two months.During the one-step-installation process,the installation and debugging of wind power and overall water transportation need about one to two days in sea area within 35 m depth.After the proposed technique is industrialized,the cost will be further reduced,and the installation capacity is expected to be up to 500 wind turbines per year.

Valuation of the flexibility in decision-making for revamping installations―A case from fertilizer plants

This paper puts forward a valuation model for the flexibility of revamping urea plants based on the substitutability of switching between the internationally accepted fertilizer feedstock fuel oil and natural gas. The paper first builds a stochastic mean-reversion model for fuel oil prices and natural gas prices respectively, then estimates and tests the parameters using the fuel oil and natural gas prices data from the U.S. market. This paper also conducts a sensitivity analysis with important parameters. The results show that the real option method can be applied successfully to evaluate the flexibility in decision- making for revamping installations in fertilizer plants or other similar plants.

Ductility enhancement of EW75 alloy by multi-directional forging

In this study,the Mg-7Gd-5Y-1Nd-0.5Zr alloy can reach a high ductility by the process of multi-directional forging,and the evolution of the microstructure,texture and the mechanical properties were discussed systematically.The results show that after the solutionized sample was multi-forged at 500℃,its grain size can be refined from 292 um to 58 um.As the forging temperature decreased,fine particles precipitated in the matrix.The volume fraction of the particles increased with the forging temperature decreasing,so the nucleation and growth of crystallization were strongly restricted.There was no recrystallization as the forging temperature fell to 410℃,and the severe deformed grains distributed as streamlines perpendicular to the final compression axis.The texture intensity decreased with increasing forging passes.The sample with best ductility was obtained after compressed at 470℃,with an elongation to failure of 21%at room temperature,which is increased by 200%,in comparison with that of the samples in solutionized condition.EBSD results revealed that the mean grain size was 15 um.Refined grains as well as the weakened texture were the key factors to its high ductility.

Investigation on Installation of Offshore Wind Turbines

Wind power has made rapid progress and should gain significance as an energy resource,given growing interest in renewable energy and clean energy.Offshore wind energy resources have attracted significant attention,as,compared with land-based wind energy resources,offshore wind energy resources are more promising candidates for development.Sea winds are generally stronger and more reliable and with improvements in technology,the sea has become a hot spot for new designs and installation methods for wind turbines.In the present paper,based on experience building offshore wind farms,recommended foundation styles have been examined.Furthermore,wave effects have been investigated.The split installation and overall installation have been illustrated.Methods appropriate when installing a small number of turbines as well as those useful when installing large numbers of turbines were analyzed.This investigation of installation methods for wind turbines should provide practical technical guidance for their installation.

An Installation System of Deepwater Risers by An S-Lay Vessel

Along with the consumption increase of the petroleum products, more countries have transferred their attentions to the offshore fields, especially the deepwater oil and gas reserves. For deepwater exploitation, the risers must be installed to act as the conduits connecting surface platforms to subsea facilities. In this paper, the typical risers sorted by different classes are introduced, and the correspondent installation methods are presented. By investigating the recent projects performed in the deepwater hot spots, and combining the challenges of HYSY20 l for riser installation, a lifting device developed for assisting riser installation is proposed and detailed to satisfy the installation of deepwater risers in the LW3-1 Gas Field of 1500 m in the South China Sea. Tests on both the functions and performances of such a new system exhibit the satisfaction of meeting all challenging requirements of HYSY201 for application to riser installation in waters up to a depth of 3000 m in the South China Sea.

Study on Measurement Methods of Multi-Directional Waves—Wave Gauge Array Method

Measuring multi-directional waves with the wave gauge array is one of the fundamental and easily realised methods. In this paper, the wave gauge array is described and the effects of the gauge spacing, the array orientations, etc. of the three array arrangements, i. e., linear array, T-type array and pentagon array, on the resolution of the directional spreading of waves, are investigated experimentally. This study can be used as a reference in the experimental study and the field measurement of directional waves.

Analysis on Interface Shear Stress of Thermally InsulatedOcean Pipelines Under Installation

It has been proved that the thermally insulated ocean pipeline has advantages over the conventional pipe-in-pipe pipeline. The risk of using the thermally insulated pipeline is that the exterior layers covering the steel pipe may be. pulled off if the shear stress on the interface induced by the pullout fore from the tensioner is greater than the binding fore between two neighboring layers during installation. This paper develops a procedure to calculate the shear stress on the interface. The binding force between two neighboring layers can be determined with full scale model tests. The safety of the thermally insulated pipe under installation can then be checked by comparison of the interface shear stress with the binding force.

Three-dimensional free vibration analysis of multi-directional functionally graded piezoelectric annular plates on elastic foundations via state space based differential quadrature method

The three-dimensional free vibration analysis of a multi-directional func- tionally graded piezoelectric （FGP） annular plate resting on two parameter （Pasternak） elastic foundations is investigated under different boundary conditions. The material properties are assumed to vary continuously along the radial and thickness directions and have exponent-law distribution. A semi-analytical approach named the state space based differential quadrature method （SSDQM） is used to provide an analytical solution along the thickness using the state space method （SSM） and an approximate solution along the radial direction using the one-dimensional differential quadrature method （DQM）. The influence of the Winkler and shear stiffness of the foundation~ the material property graded variations, and the circumferential wave number on the nomdimensional natural frequency of multi-directional FGP annular plates is studied.