Multidrug resistant organism infections in patients with COVID-19:risk factors and outcomes

Background:Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has now spread to most countries and regions of the world.Risk factors associated with multi-drug resistant organism(MDRO)infections in patients with COVID-19 have not been well studied yet.In the present study,we aimed to identify the risk factors associated with the MDRO infections and their impact on in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients.Methods:This retrospective cohort study was conducted between December 2019 and April 2020 at two tertiary hospitals in Wuhan,China.Data of cases were collected through electronic medical records system.This study was focused on cases with bacterial culture records.Risk factors and outcomes associated with MDRO infections were analyzed using logistic regression model.Results:Of the 2891 patients,370 patients have bacterial culture results,and MDROs were isolated in 38 patients.Respiratory tract infections(67.3%)were the most common hospital acquired infections.Variables independently associated with MDRO infections were dyspnea at admission(odds ratio(OR)4.74;95%confidence interval(CI)2.06-10.88;P<0.001),intensive care unit(ICU)admission(OR 5.02;95%CI 1.99-12.63;P<0.01),and invasive mechanical ventilation(OR 5.13;95%CI 2.15-12.27;P<0.001),adjusted for age and gender.MDROs infection was also a significant risk factor of death for the patients,adjusted for age,gender,severity of illness,ICU admission and mechanical ventilation(OR 1.12,95%CI:0.43-2.96,P=0.817).Conclusion:In our study,dyspnea at admission,ICU admission and invasive mechanical ventilation were associated with the presence of MDRO infections,and clinicians should be alert in MDRO infections in COVID-19 hospitalized patients.

Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Musa sp.leaf extracts against multidrug resistant clinical pathogens causing nosocomial infection

Objective:To investigate different Musa sp.leave extracts of hexane,ethyl acetate and methanol were evaluated for antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant pathogens causing nosocomial infection by agar well diffusion method and also antioxidant activities.Methods:The four different Musa species leaves were extracted with hexane,ethyl acetate and methanol.Antibacterial susceptibility test,minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum inhibitory bacterial concentration were determined by agar well diffusion method.Total phenolic content and in vitro antioxidant activity was determined.Results:All the Musa sp.extracts showed moderate antibacterial activities expect Musa paradisiaca with the inhibition zone ranging from 8.0 to 18.6 mm.Among four species ethyl acetate extracts of Musa paradisiaca showed highest activity against tested pathogens particularly E.coli,P.aeruginosa and Citrobacter sp.The minimum inhibitory concentrations were within the value of 15.63-250μg/ml.and minimum bactericidal concentrations were ranging from 31.25-250μg/mL.Antioxidant activity of Musa acuminate exhibited maximum activity among other three Musa species.Conclusions:The present study concluded that among the different Musa species,Musa paradisiaca displayed efficient antibacterial activity followed by Musa acuminata against multidrug resistant nosocomial infection causing pathogens.Further,an extensive study is needed to identify the bioactive compounds,mode of action and toxic effect in.vivo of Musa sp.

Multi-Drug Resistance Pattern of Lactose Non-Fermenting <i>Escherichia coli</i>as Causative Agent of Urine Tract Infections in Luanda, Angola

This prospective study was carried out to assess the sensitivity and resistance pattern of lactose non-fermenting Escherichia coli from July 2018 to December 2018 in the Laboratory of Microbiology at Luanda Medical Center, Angola. Out of 1170 patient, a total of 120 urine specimens infected with Escherichia coli (>105 CFU/ml) were collected according to the routine protocol of urinalysis. Among these 120 isolates, 25 (21%) isolates were determined as “atypical”, lactose non-fermenting E. colis trains. The twenty-five lactose non-fermenting Escherichia coli strains isolated from urine samples in Luanda Medical Center were declared as Multiple Drugs-Resistant strains with high resistance to Cefalexine (100%), Cefuroxime (100%), Ceftriaxone (92%), Gentamycin (92%), Ciprofloxacin (72%) and Amoxiciclin/Clavulanic (80%). The alarming resistance level to the first-choice drugs for the treatment of urinary tract infections caused by non-fermentative lactose E. coli was observed.

Analysis of Influencing Factors and Predictive Models of Multidrug-resistant Bacterial Infection in Severe Patients

Objective:To investigate the influencing factors of multi-drug resistant bacterial infections in patients with severe disease and establish a predictive model.Methods:207 infected patients in our hospital from 2018 to May 2020 were selected for the study,of which 73 carried drug-resistant bacteria.Results:The risk factor network of people infected with multidrug resistant bacteria is higher than that of people infected with non-multidrug resistant bacteria,and the interaction between risk factors of the former is stronger.Conclusion:Antibiotics must be used appropriately after surgery.When the elderly was abnormal in indicators such as fever and procalcitonin in the ward,they should be considered as high-risk groups of MDRO infection.They need special care and preventive measures.

Importance of Bacteriophage in Combating Hospital-Acquired Infection (HAI)

Bacteriophages have a potentially important role to play in reducing the global incidence of Hospital Acquired Infection (HAI). Their use should be focused on reducing the use and over-use of antibiotics as part of integrated control measures in conjunction with various vaccination, sanitation procedures and prophylactic and treatment regimens. Bacteriophages offer exquisite specificity and efficacy in killing target bacterial strains, a phenomenon known for almost 100 years. However, their efficacy with respect to broad-spectrum antibiotics is poor due to the highly strain-selective nature of their killing and their rapid elimination from the body. Bacteriophage killing is a naturally-occurring process capable of limiting and eliminating bacterial populations in humans. This is achieved through exponential amplification of their number, if and when, they encounter a target bacterium. Unfortunately, processes employed for their commercial production today do not meet the same rigour as dictated for pharmaceutical products. Batch-to-batch reproducibility and molecular definition of target and phage strains must be demanded before their clinical use can become widespread. Elsewhere, historical data have demonstrated safety in humans beyond any doubt. Because patients continue to die in our healthcare centers internationally, the use of bacteriophage to help fight HAI should be reassessed. Here, relevant literature is reviewed.

Healthcare Professionals’ Adherence to Contact Precautions at a Maternal and Child Teaching Hospital

Background: Healthcare-associated infections affect hundreds of millions of patients worldwide. Children have greater susceptibility to healthcare-associated infections due to the immaturity of their immune system. Contact precautions aim to promote safety, protection and prevention of contamination. Thus, the objective of this study was to verify adherence to contact precaution measures, as well as compliance to the use of personal protective equipment. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was carried out from July to October 2019 using a checklist to evaluate health professionals’ adherence to hand hygiene procedures and the use of gloves and surgical gowns when assisting children on contact precautions. Results: A total of 941 observations were carried out in a total of 300.532 hours. Hand hygiene was performed before and after contact with the patient in 58.84% and 75.09% of the cases, respectively and a surgical gown was used in 86.40% of the cases. The use of gloves was the variable most adhered to by professionals (87.57%). Intensive care unit professionals were the care workers who most complied with the regulation regarding hand hygiene after contact with the patient (p = 0.009) and the use of the surgical gown (p < 0.001). The correct hand hygiene technique was the recommendation with least adherence. Non-compliance to the hand hygiene technique was statistically significant among intensive care unit professionals (p = 0.002). Conclusions: Adherence to hand hygiene before contact with the patient and compliance with the hand hygiene technique were neglected by most professionals. However, there was good adherence to the use of surgical gloves and gowns, as well as high compliance to the techniques of removing these items. .

Device-associated infection rates, mortality, length of stay and bacterial resistance in intensive care units in Ecuador: International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium's findings

AIM To report the results of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium(INICC) study conducted in Quito, Ecuador.METHODS A device-associated healthcare-acquired infection(DAHAI) prospective surveillance study conducted from October 2013 to January 2015 in 2 adult intensive care units(ICUs) from 2 hospitals using the United States Centers for Disease Control/National Healthcare Safety Network(CDC/NHSN) definitions and INICC methods. RESULTS We followed 776 ICU patients for 4818 bed-days. The central line-associated bloodstream infection(CLABSI) rate was 6.5 per 1000 central line(CL)-days, the ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP) rate was 44.3 per 1000 mechanical ventilator(MV)-days, and the catheterassociated urinary tract infection(CAUTI) rate was 5.7 per 1000 urinary catheter(UC)-days. CLABSI and CAUTI rates in our ICUs were similar to INICC rates [4.9(CLABSI) and 5.3(CAUTI)] and higher than NHSN rates [0.8(CLABSI) and 1.3(CAUTI)]- although device use ratios for CL and UC were higher than INICC and CDC/NSHN's ratios. By contrast, despite the VAP rate was higher than INICC(16.5) and NHSN's rates(1.1), MV DUR was lower in our ICUs. Resistance of A. baumannii to imipenem and meropenem was 75.0%, and of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to ciprofloxacin and piperacillin-tazobactam was higher than 72.7%, all them higher than CDC/NHSN rates. Excess length of stay was 7.4 d for patients with CLABSI, 4.8 for patients with VAP and 9.2 for patients CAUTI. Excess crude mortality in ICUs was 30.9% for CLABSI, 14.5% for VAP and 17.6% for CAUTI. CONCLUSION DA-HAI rates in our ICUs from Ecuador are higher than United States CDC/NSHN rates and similar to INICC international rates.

Analysis on Distribution and Drug Resistance of Pathogenic Bacteria in ICU Patients with Nosocomial Infection from 2019 to 2021

Objective:To understand the pathogenic bacteria isolated from patients and their drug resistance changes in general ICU of the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University,so as to provide reference for appropriate selection of antibiotics in clinical practice.Methods:A retrospective investigation was conducted to analyze the bacteriological distribution and drug resistance of nosocomial pathogens isolated from the specimens of hospitalized patients in the comprehensive ICU of the hospital from 2019 to 2021.The US technology BD Phoenix 100 automatic bacterial identification analyzer was used for bacterial identification of the pathogen samples,disk diffusion method was used for drug susceptibility test,and SPSS 22.0 software was used to analyze the trend of drug resistance.Results:A total of 970 strains of nosocomial pathogens were detected in the three years.The main pathogens were Acinetobacter baumannii(133 strains,13.71%),Klebsiella pneumoniae(106 strains,10.93%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(83 strains,8.56%),Escherichia coli(76 strains,7.84%)and Enterococcus faecium(69 strains,7.11%).The resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii to antibiotics was high.Klebsiella pneumoniae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli had low resistance rates to carbapenems.The situation of bacterial drug resistance is still serious.Conclusion:The drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria collected from Class III Grade A Hospital’s patients to antibiotics was generally high.Therefore,clinical departments should strengthen the inspection of specimens of infection and drug sensitivity test in order to grasp the resistance mechanisms and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria changes,and select appropriate antimicrobial agents according to the test results.Besides,the formation of drug-resistant strains also needs to be prevented,and the treatment of patients with severe infection needs to be improved.

Bacteriology of Healthcare-Associated Infections in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of CHU Gabriel Touré

Introduction: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a public health issue. An infection is said to be associated with the care if it occurs during or after the care of a patient, and if it was neither present nor incubation at the beginning of the care. Objective: The purpose of this work was to study the bacteriology of infections associated with obstetric care in the gynecology-obstetrics department of CHU Gabriel Touré. Patients and Methods: This is an epidemiological, descriptive, analytical study conducted in the gynecology-obstetrics department of the CHU Gabriel Touré, from April 11th, 2016 to August 29th, 2016 (5 months). Data collection focused on the clinical and laboratory characteristics of healthcare-associated infections in patients during their hospitalization. Included in the study were any patients hospitalized in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department who agreed to participate in the study. The criteria used to diagnose the associated infection were those of the Atlanta CDC. Operative wound monitoring was done up to the 30th postoperative day. Results: We have recorded 200 patients, out of whom 138 were operated on and 23 cases of bacterial infection associated with care (11.50%). The average age of the patients was 32.52 years ± 13.36 years against 29.36 years ± 10.28 years for the patients who did not present the infection. Seven point five percent of the evacuated patients had an infection associated with care. The most common types of infection were surgical site infection (60.86%), urinary tract infection (26.08%), endometritis and sepsis with 13.04% each. The isolated organisms were all resistant to Amoxicillin, to Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid (88.88%) and to Ciprofloxacin (77.77%). The average duration of hospitalization for patients who developed the infection was 14.70 days. The lethality was 1.50%. The average cost of management of patients who developed the surgical site infection was 119,837 FCFA. Conclusion: The bacterial infections associated with the care remain frequent in our service and dominated by the infections of the operating site. Isolated organisms were all resistant to amoxicillin in 88.88% case ciprofloxacin.

Nosocomial spontaneous bacterial peritonitis antibiotic treatment in the era of multi-drug resistance pathogens: A systematic review

AIM To systematically review literature upon aetiology of nosocomial spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(N-SBP) given the rising importance of multidrug-resistant(MDR) bacteria.METHODS A literature search was performed on MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases from 2000 to 15 th of November 2016, using the following search strategy: "spontaneous" AND "peritonitis".RESULTS The initial search through electronic databases retrieved 2556 records. After removing duplicates, 1958 records remained. One thousand seven hundred and thirty-five of them were excluded on the basis of the screening of titles and abstract, and the ensuing number of remaining articles was 223. Of these records, after careful evaluation, only 9 were included in the qualitative analysis. The overall proportion of MDR bacteria turned out to be from 22% to 73% of cases across the studies.CONCLUSION N-SBP is caused, in a remarkable proportion, by MDR pathogens. This should prompt a careful re-assessment of guidelines addressing the treatment of this clinical entity.

Unresolved issues in the prophylaxis of bacterial infections in patients with cirrhosis

Bacterial infections are highly prevalent and a frequent cause of hospitalization and short-term mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Due to their negative impact on survival, antibiotic prophylaxis for bacterial infections in high-risk subgroups of patients with cirrhosis has been the standard of care for decades. Patients with prophylaxis indications include those at risk for a first episode of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP) due to a low ascitic fluid protein count and impaired liver and kidney function, patients with a prior episode of SBP and those with an episode of gastrointestinal bleeding. Only prophylaxis due to gastrointestinal bleeding has a known and short-time duration. All other indications imply longlasting exposure to antibiotics-once the threshold requirement for initiating prophylaxis is met-without standardized criteria for re-assessing antibiotic interruption. Despite the fact that the benefit of antibiotic prophylaxis in reducing bacterial infections episodes and mortality has been thoroughly reported, the extended use of antibiotics in patients with cirrhosis has also had negative consequences, including the emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria.Currently, it is not clear whether restricting the use of broad and fixed antibiotic regimens, tailoring the choice of antibiotics to local bacterial epidemiology or selecting non-antibiotic strategies will be the preferred antibiotic prophylaxis strategy for patients with cirrhosis in the future.

Bacterial infections post-living-donor liver transplantation in Egyptian hepatitis C virus-cirrhotic patients: A singlecenter study

AIM To determine risk factors, causative organisms and antimicrobial resistance of bacterial infections following living-donor liver transplantation(LDLT) in cirrhotic patients.METHODS This prospective study included 45 patients with hepatitis C virus-related end-stage liver disease who underwent LDLT at Ain Shams Center for Organ Transplant, Cairo, Egypt from January 2014 to November 2015. Patients were followed-up for the first 3 mo after LDLT for detection of bacterial infections. All patients were examined for the possible risk factors suggestive of acquiring infection pre-, intra-and post-operatively. Positive cultures based on clinical suspicion and patterns of antimicrobial resistance were identified. RESULTS Thirty-three patients(73.3%) suffered from bacterial infections; 21 of them had a single infection episode, and 12 had repeated infection episodes. Bile was the most common site for both single and repeated episodes of infection(28.6% and 27.8%, respectively). The most common isolated organisms were gramnegative bacteria. Acinetobacter baumannii was the most common organism isolated from both single and repeated infection episodes(19% and 33.3%, respectively), followed by Escherichia coli for repeated infections(11.1%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa for single infections(19%). Levofloxacin showed high sensitivity against repeated infection episodes(P = 0.03). Klebsiella, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas were multi-drug resistant(MDR). Pre-transplant hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and duration of drain insertion(in days) were independent risk factors for the occurrence of repeated infection episodes(P = 0.024).CONCLUSION MDR gram-negative bacterial infections are common post-LDLT. Pre-transplant HCC and duration of drain insertion were independent risk factors for the occurrence of repeated infection episodes.

Contact Precaution: Acceptance of Health Professionals to Teaching Hospital

The adoption by health professionals to the practice of patient isolation is a decision that reduces patients’ risks of occupational exposure to potentially contaminated biological material and prevents nosocomial infections. Verify the compliance of health professionals to the practices of contact precautions in patients colonized by microorganisms in a teaching hospital. This was a prospective observational cohort study in a special-sized hospital located in southeastern Brazil. The observation of health professionals in delivery of health care to patients with contact precaution was performed regarding hand hygiene, use of overcoat, glove, and mask. We carried out 1502 observations involving the following professional categories: nursing technicians and/or nursing assistants (n = 1028;68.4%), nurses (n = 200;13.3%), physical therapists (n = 185;12.3%), and physicians (n = 89;5.9%), totaling 971.8 hours. Regarding the level of compliance of professionals to contact precaution practices with hand hygiene after the procedures, the use of overcoats, gloves, and masks, all were statistically significant (p Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most positive pathogen identified in laboratory tests. This study provided the mapping of the compliance of health professionals to the practices of contact precautions in order to support a safer management of patient care reducing the risks of Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI). This study also showed that health professionals are using practice management to deal with their behavior to protect their health.

医院多重耐药菌的消毒剂抗性研究进展及其消毒隔离防控

医院感染的病原体中多重耐药菌已逐渐成为医院感染的重要病原菌。多重耐药菌的感染不仅给患者带来痛苦和经济负担,增加医务人员的工作量和临床治疗的难度,还给医务人员及健康人群构成传播和感染风险,造成不良的社会影响。如何降低多重耐药菌的传播和感染风险成为医院感染管理的一大难题。多重耐药菌的防控主要措施包括抗菌药物管理、环境清洁消毒和物品消毒灭菌、规范诊疗等内容,但近年来研究显示,多重耐药菌对常用消毒剂产生了抗性,增加了消毒的难度。文章通过对医院多重耐药菌对消毒剂的抗性研究新进展,及其消毒隔离防控措施进行综述,为医院多重耐药菌的消毒隔离防控措施制定提供借鉴。

项目综合管理策略在重症监护病房耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌感染防控中的应用

目的 探讨项目综合管理策略在重症监护病房(ICU)落实耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,MRSA)感染防控措施中的应用效果,为降低MRSA医院感染发生率提供循证依据。方法 选取2020-01-2021-12月某三甲医院5个ICU中住院患者送检标本并经微生物培养分离出MRSA的患者为研究对象。2020年为基线调查,2021年实施项目综合管理策略。比较干预前后各项防控措施落实执行情况、手卫生依从性、患者MRSA检出情况和MRSA检出科室分布情况。结果 实施项目综合干预管理策略后,MRSA防控措施的落实情况优于干预前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各类人员手卫生依从性均有提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后患者MRSA检出率由35.71%降至27.73%。MRSA检出科室分布情况显示除呼吸内科ICU持平,其他ICU检出率均下降。结论 项目综合管理策略提高了MRSA感染防控措施的执行力和有效性,降低了MRSA检出率,减少了患者感染MRSA的风险,可保障医疗安全。

滁州地区医院感染细菌监测与药敏试验结果分析

目的 分析滁州地区医院感染病原菌分布与耐药特点。方法 通过滁州市第一人民医院、滁州市儿童医院医院感染实时监控系统智能识别并实时上报2022年住院患者医院感染病例1152例次,进行细菌鉴定及药敏试验。结果 1152例次医院感染主要感染类型为下呼吸道感染(44.10%)、泌尿系统感染(18.75%)、血流感染(13.72%);共分离出病原菌1116株,其中革兰阴性菌占52.15%,检出率较高的是鲍曼不动杆菌(6.63%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(6.81%)、大肠埃希菌(7.71%)和铜绿假单胞菌(6.27%);革兰阳性菌占22.22%,检出率较高的是金黄色葡萄球菌(2.51%);真菌占25.63%,主要为假丝酵母(15.59%)。特殊耐药菌产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBL)大肠埃希菌检出率51.16%、ESBL肺炎克雷伯菌检出率21.05%,耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌检出率28.57%。鲍曼不动杆菌对各种抗菌药物耐药率均超过50%;肺炎克雷伯菌对氨苄西林耐药率最高(100%),对氨苄西林/舒巴坦、头孢唑林、头孢呋辛耐药率均超过60%,对亚胺培南(34.21%)、妥布霉素(31.58%)、左氧氟沙星(10.53%)耐药率降低。大肠埃希菌对氨苄西林耐药率最高(90.70%),对呋喃妥因(4.65%)、亚胺培南(2.33%)、头孢替坦(2.33%)耐药率较低。铜绿假单胞菌对环丙沙星(2.86%)、庆大霉素(2.86%)、妥布霉素(2.86%)和左氧氟沙星(2.86%)耐药率最低。结论滁州地区医院感染细菌构成比主要以鲍曼不动杆菌、大肠埃希菌等为主,细菌耐药率较高。

耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌感染临床特征及危险因素分析

目的 分析耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌(carbapene-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, CRKP)感染临床特征及危险因素,为临床有效防控CRKP感染提供科学依据。方法 选取兰州大学第一医院2020年1月—2021年12月检出肺炎克雷伯菌的住院患者作为研究对象,采用回顾性病例-对照研究方法,选取该时段检出CRKP的住院患者113例作为CRKP组,同期检出碳青霉烯类敏感肺炎克雷伯菌(carbapenem-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae, CSKP)的住院患者113例作为CSKP组,收集两组患者临床资料,采用单因素分析和二元Logistic回归分析方法,分析CRKP感染的危险因素。结果 CRKP菌株的耐药率均高于CSKP菌株的耐药率;113株CRKP对甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲恶唑和阿米卡星耐药率相对稍低(70.80%和75.22%);对氨曲南、庆大霉素、左氧氟沙星和四环素的耐药率分别为99.12%、84.96%、87.61%和87.61%,对其余抗菌药物的耐药率均高达100%;二元Logistic回归分析显示,神经系统疾病、低白蛋白血症、有创呼吸机辅助通气、有创呼吸机辅助通气天数、免疫抑制剂使用史、感染前联合使用抗菌药物为CRKP感染的独立危险因素,而激素使用史是CRKP感染的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论 CRKP对临床常用抗菌药物呈高度耐药,耐药形势严峻。研究分析CRKP感染的危险因素,针对性采取防控措施,从而减少CRKP感染的发生。

神经重症病房疑似耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌感染暴发的调查与控制

目的调查某院神经重症病房一起疑似耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌(CRKP)感染暴发的原因,查找传染源与传播途径,为预防和控制医院感染的发生提供依据。方法对某院神经重症病房2020年8月4日—8月20日发生的4例CRKP感染患者进行流行病学调查以及病房环境卫生学监测,采取综合措施控制暴发流行。结果4例发生CRKP感染的患者均为医院感染,且分离菌株药敏试验结果一致,为相同克隆株。通过环境卫生学监测,分别从病人床旁物品,吸引装置,氧疗仪,医务人员随身用品的标本中检出了相同克隆株,采取综合整改措施后,未再出现新发CRKP感染病例,随后多次进行物表采样,未再分离出CRKP菌株。结论神经重症病房环境物表污染,消毒环节不到位可能是导致此次CRKP疑似感染暴发的主要原因,及时识别暴发,启动暴发应急预案,制定整改措施是控制多重耐药菌医院感染暴发的重中之重。

皮肤科住院患者多重耐药菌感染风险诺莫图预测模型的建立与验证

目的通过分析皮肤科住院患者多重耐药菌(MDRO)感染风险的影响因素建立诺莫图预测模型,并进行验证。方法选取2018年1月—2022年6月皮肤科住院患者8950例作为研究对象,统计其MDRO感染发生情况,采用Lasso-Logistic回归分析法筛选MDRO感染影响因素,构建诺莫图预测模型,并验证预测模型预测MDRO感染的价值。结果8950例皮肤科住院患者发生MDRO感染782例,发生率为8.74%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示年龄、免疫性皮肤疾病、侵入性操作、糖尿病、住院天数、长期应用糖皮质激素/免疫抑制剂、抗生素联用、C反应蛋白(CRP)为皮肤科住院患者MDRO感染的独立危险因素(P<0.01);采用R软件rms程序建立皮肤科住院患者MDRO感染的诺莫图预测模型,该模型预测风险能力指数为0.920,校准度为0.885;受试者工作特征曲线分析显示,该模型预测MDRO感染的曲线下面积为0.945(95%CI:0.903,0.991),敏感度为0.905,特异度为0.918。结论皮肤科住院患者MDRO感染风险较高,影响因素包括年龄、免疫性皮肤疾病、侵入性操作、糖尿病、住院天数、长期应用糖皮质激素/免疫抑制剂、抗生素联用、CRP,根据上述因素构建的诺莫图预测模型具有较高的预测效能。

国内ICU多重耐药菌感染患者的疾病负担Meta分析

目的了解国内ICU多重耐药菌感染患者的疾病负担,为多重耐药的深入研究提供参考。方法2022年10月系统检索中文数据库中国知网、万方、维普和中国生物医学,以及英文数据库PubMed,Embase,Web of Science和The Cochrane Library中收录的有关中国ICU多重耐药菌感染患者的疾病负担的研究。由2位研究者独立对文献进行筛选以及提取数据后,采用Review Manager 5.4软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入中、英文文献18篇。国内ICU患者发生多重耐药菌感染的死亡风险是未发生多重耐药患者的1.54~3.00倍,多重耐药菌感染患者的平均住院时间比未发生多重耐药菌感染的患者延长4.11~20.17 d,住院费用的研究均显示了国内ICU患者发生多重耐药菌感染会增加住院费用。结论国内ICU患者发生多重耐药菌感染会增加死亡风险以及经济负担。但纳入文献均为回顾性研究,且以单中心研究为主,因此对待研究结果需谨慎。