The study was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing antibiotics using multi-enzyme preparations on growth performance,coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility,digestive enzyme activity,and antioxi...The study was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing antibiotics using multi-enzyme preparations on growth performance,coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility,digestive enzyme activity,and antioxidant property in piglets.A total of 160 piglets（（21.35±0.22）kg）were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments：1）basal diet supplemented with antibiotics（AC）,2）antibiotic diet supplemented with 0.5 g kg^-1 multi-enzyme preparations（AC＋0.5EP）,3）antibiotic diet supplemented with 1.5 g kg^-1 multi-enzyme preparations（AC＋1.5EP）,4）basal diet supplemented with a half dosage of antibiotics and 1.5 g kg^-1 multi-enzyme preparations（AH＋1.5EP）,and 5）basal diet supplemented with 1.5 g kg^-1 multienzyme preparations（BC＋1.5EP）.The results showed that AC＋1.5EP significantly improved the feed efficiency,apparent digestibility of ether extract（EE）and crude ash（CA）,lipase activity in pancreas and duodenum content,maltase and lactase activity in jejunum and ileum mucosa,glutathione peroxidase（GSH-Px）concentration in serum and liver,and decreased malondialdehyde（MDA）concentration in serum and liver compared with piglets receiving AC（P〈0.05）.Piglets receiving BC＋1.5EP showed no significant difference in growth performance（P〉0.05）but had lower MDA concentration than piglets receiving AC（P〈0.05）.The apparent digestibility of EE and crude fiber（CF）,duodenal lipase activity,jejunum mucosa maltase,and ileum mucosa lactase activity of piglets receiving AH＋1.5EP or BC＋1.5EP were significantly improved compared with piglets receiving AC（P〈0.05）.These results indicated an additive growth promotion effect between antibiotics and multi-enzyme preparations on piglets,and the multi-enzyme preparations may be used as substitutes for antibiotics for improving piglet production performance and health status.展开更多
This experiment was conducted to determine whether the performance of broilers fed diets based on corn and soybean meal could be enhanced with enzymes or probiotics. A total of 120 male broilers, three days of age, we...This experiment was conducted to determine whether the performance of broilers fed diets based on corn and soybean meal could be enhanced with enzymes or probiotics. A total of 120 male broilers, three days of age, were assigned to one of four treatments in a completely randomized design, and housed in groups of five with six cages per treatment. The control diet was based on corn and soybean meal while the three experimental diets consisted of the basal diet supplemented with 0.1% of enzyme I, enzyme II, or probiotic. Enzyme I provided α-galactosidase and fl-mannanase, while enzyme II provided protease, amylase, α-galactosidase, xylanase, and cellulase. The probiotic was composed of Bacillus coagulance, Bacillus lichenformis , Bacillus subtilis , and Clostridium butyricum. Over the 28 day experiment, the weight gain of birds fed the probiotic treatment was superior （P = 0.03 ） to the control, while gains for the enzyme treatments were intermediate to those of the control and probiotic. Feed intake and feed conversion did not differ among treatments （P 〉 0.05 ）. Ammonia production was significantly （ P 〈 0.01 ） higher in the control compared with either of the enzyme or probiotic treatments. Compared with the control, supplementation with enzyme H significantly reduced the digestibility of arginine, isoleucine, and lysine （P 〈 0.05 ）. In contrast, the digestibility of energy was higher （P 〈 0.01 ） for birds supplemented with enzyme II than the control. Digestibility coeffi- cients did not differ for any other parameter with the exception of energy which was significantly higher for birds fed the probiotic treatment than the control （P 〈 0.01 ）. In summary, the performance of broilers was significantly enhanced by the addition of a probiotic to the diet. However, under the conditions of this experi- ment, supplementation with a multi-enzyme complex containing either α-galactosidase and fl-mannanase or the combination of protease, amylase, galactosidase, xylanase, and cellulase failed to improve broiler performance.展开更多
We investigated the effects of adding up to 11% rice bran(RB) in corn-soybean meal diets fed to broiler chickens without or with a multi-enzyme supplement(MES). The MES supplied xylanase, b-glucanase invertase, protea...We investigated the effects of adding up to 11% rice bran(RB) in corn-soybean meal diets fed to broiler chickens without or with a multi-enzyme supplement(MES). The MES supplied xylanase, b-glucanase invertase, protease, cellulase, a-amylase and mannanase with targeted activity of 2,500, 300, 700, 10,0001,200, 24,000, and 20 U/kg of feed, respectively. The study used a two-phase feeding program(starter d 0 to 24; finisher, d 25 to 35) with RB added at 5% and 11%, respectively creating 4 diets in each phase Diets were iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous and contained phytase(500 FTU/kg) and TiO_2 as a digestibility marker. Three hundred and sixty d-old male Ross 708 broiler chicks were placed in cages based on BW(15 birds/cage) and allocated to 4 diets(n = 6). Birds had free access to feed and water. Body weight and feed intake were recorded. Excreta samples were collected 3 d prior to the end of each phase for apparent retention(AR) of components. Samples of birds were sacrificed on d 24 and 35 for gut weight and ceca digesta for organic acid content. There was no interaction(P > 0.10) between RB and MES on BWG and FCR in starter or finisher phase. In finisher phase, birds fed MES had better BWG(961 versus 858 g) and FCR(1.69 versus 1.86) than birds fed non-MES diets(P < 0.01). Feeding RB reduced(P = 0.02) BWG in finisher phase resulting in lower d 35 BW. Birds fed RB had higher(P 0.01) gizzard weight on d 24 and 35 than non-RB birds. An interaction(P 0.01) between RB and MES on concentrations of propionic and iso-butyric acids in ceca digesta showed that MES reduced these acids in non-RB diet. The AR of gross energy was higher(P < 0.02) for MES versus non-MES birds in starter and finisher phases. In conclusion independently, RB increased gizzard weight and reduced final BW whereas MES improved growth and energy utilization.展开更多
Polyelectrolyte-doped microcapsules(PDM)was fabricated by coaxial electrospray of a mixture of glycerol and water containing 10 mg/mL cationic polyelectrolyte poly(allylamine hydrochloride)(PAH)fed as the core phase s...Polyelectrolyte-doped microcapsules(PDM)was fabricated by coaxial electrospray of a mixture of glycerol and water containing 10 mg/mL cationic polyelectrolyte poly(allylamine hydrochloride)(PAH)fed as the core phase solution,and a N,N-dimethylacetylamide solution of 10 wt%polyurethane fed as the shell phase solution.Multienzyme system involving Candida Antarctica lipase B(CALB),glucose oxidase(GOD),and horseradish peroxidase(HRP)for cascade reaction was assembled in the PDM at three different places,namely,surface,shell,and lumen.Placing of enzyme inside aqueous lumen of the PDM was realized by in situ encapsulation through adding the enzyme in the core-phase solution for coaxial electrospray.By ion-pairing of enzyme with cationic surfactant CTAB,an organic soluble enzyme-CTAB complex was prepared,so that in situ embedding of enzyme in the shell of the PDM was realized by adding it into the shell phase solution.Surface attachment of enzymes was achieved by layer-by-layer(LbL)technology,which is based on the ion-exchange interactions between oppositely charged enzymes and PAH that was doped in PDM.The enzyme-decorated microcapsule was then studied as a microbioreactor,in which 1-Oxododecyla-α-glucopyranoside was converted by CALB to glucose,which was oxidised by GOD to gluconolactone in a second step.The hydrogen peroxide produced was then used by HRP to oxidize ABTS to form coloured radical cation ABTS•+for activity analysis.The successful fabrication of the PDM and precise localization of enzymes in the PDM by different strategies were fully characterized.By varying the immobilization strategy,totally six PDM bioreactors with three enzymes precisely positional assembled in different strategies were constructed and their activities for the cascade reaction were investigated and compared.The PDM micro-bioreactor prepared by novel electrospray technologies provide a smart platform for positional assembly of multi-enzyme cascade reaction in a precise and well-controlled manner.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National 863 Program of China (2013AA102803D)
文摘The study was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing antibiotics using multi-enzyme preparations on growth performance,coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility,digestive enzyme activity,and antioxidant property in piglets.A total of 160 piglets（（21.35±0.22）kg）were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments：1）basal diet supplemented with antibiotics（AC）,2）antibiotic diet supplemented with 0.5 g kg^-1 multi-enzyme preparations（AC＋0.5EP）,3）antibiotic diet supplemented with 1.5 g kg^-1 multi-enzyme preparations（AC＋1.5EP）,4）basal diet supplemented with a half dosage of antibiotics and 1.5 g kg^-1 multi-enzyme preparations（AH＋1.5EP）,and 5）basal diet supplemented with 1.5 g kg^-1 multienzyme preparations（BC＋1.5EP）.The results showed that AC＋1.5EP significantly improved the feed efficiency,apparent digestibility of ether extract（EE）and crude ash（CA）,lipase activity in pancreas and duodenum content,maltase and lactase activity in jejunum and ileum mucosa,glutathione peroxidase（GSH-Px）concentration in serum and liver,and decreased malondialdehyde（MDA）concentration in serum and liver compared with piglets receiving AC（P〈0.05）.Piglets receiving BC＋1.5EP showed no significant difference in growth performance（P〉0.05）but had lower MDA concentration than piglets receiving AC（P〈0.05）.The apparent digestibility of EE and crude fiber（CF）,duodenal lipase activity,jejunum mucosa maltase,and ileum mucosa lactase activity of piglets receiving AH＋1.5EP or BC＋1.5EP were significantly improved compared with piglets receiving AC（P〈0.05）.These results indicated an additive growth promotion effect between antibiotics and multi-enzyme preparations on piglets,and the multi-enzyme preparations may be used as substitutes for antibiotics for improving piglet production performance and health status.
文摘This experiment was conducted to determine whether the performance of broilers fed diets based on corn and soybean meal could be enhanced with enzymes or probiotics. A total of 120 male broilers, three days of age, were assigned to one of four treatments in a completely randomized design, and housed in groups of five with six cages per treatment. The control diet was based on corn and soybean meal while the three experimental diets consisted of the basal diet supplemented with 0.1% of enzyme I, enzyme II, or probiotic. Enzyme I provided α-galactosidase and fl-mannanase, while enzyme II provided protease, amylase, α-galactosidase, xylanase, and cellulase. The probiotic was composed of Bacillus coagulance, Bacillus lichenformis , Bacillus subtilis , and Clostridium butyricum. Over the 28 day experiment, the weight gain of birds fed the probiotic treatment was superior （P = 0.03 ） to the control, while gains for the enzyme treatments were intermediate to those of the control and probiotic. Feed intake and feed conversion did not differ among treatments （P 〉 0.05 ）. Ammonia production was significantly （ P 〈 0.01 ） higher in the control compared with either of the enzyme or probiotic treatments. Compared with the control, supplementation with enzyme H significantly reduced the digestibility of arginine, isoleucine, and lysine （P 〈 0.05 ）. In contrast, the digestibility of energy was higher （P 〈 0.01 ） for birds supplemented with enzyme II than the control. Digestibility coeffi- cients did not differ for any other parameter with the exception of energy which was significantly higher for birds fed the probiotic treatment than the control （P 〈 0.01 ）. In summary, the performance of broilers was significantly enhanced by the addition of a probiotic to the diet. However, under the conditions of this experi- ment, supplementation with a multi-enzyme complex containing either α-galactosidase and fl-mannanase or the combination of protease, amylase, galactosidase, xylanase, and cellulase failed to improve broiler performance.
基金financially provisioned by the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC,Ottawa,Canada,#CRDPJ522371-17)Ontario Agri-Food Innovation Alliance(Ontario,Canada,#UofG2016-2531)Canadian Bio-Systems Inc.(Calgary,Canada,#053740)
文摘We investigated the effects of adding up to 11% rice bran(RB) in corn-soybean meal diets fed to broiler chickens without or with a multi-enzyme supplement(MES). The MES supplied xylanase, b-glucanase invertase, protease, cellulase, a-amylase and mannanase with targeted activity of 2,500, 300, 700, 10,0001,200, 24,000, and 20 U/kg of feed, respectively. The study used a two-phase feeding program(starter d 0 to 24; finisher, d 25 to 35) with RB added at 5% and 11%, respectively creating 4 diets in each phase Diets were iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous and contained phytase(500 FTU/kg) and TiO_2 as a digestibility marker. Three hundred and sixty d-old male Ross 708 broiler chicks were placed in cages based on BW(15 birds/cage) and allocated to 4 diets(n = 6). Birds had free access to feed and water. Body weight and feed intake were recorded. Excreta samples were collected 3 d prior to the end of each phase for apparent retention(AR) of components. Samples of birds were sacrificed on d 24 and 35 for gut weight and ceca digesta for organic acid content. There was no interaction(P > 0.10) between RB and MES on BWG and FCR in starter or finisher phase. In finisher phase, birds fed MES had better BWG(961 versus 858 g) and FCR(1.69 versus 1.86) than birds fed non-MES diets(P < 0.01). Feeding RB reduced(P = 0.02) BWG in finisher phase resulting in lower d 35 BW. Birds fed RB had higher(P 0.01) gizzard weight on d 24 and 35 than non-RB birds. An interaction(P 0.01) between RB and MES on concentrations of propionic and iso-butyric acids in ceca digesta showed that MES reduced these acids in non-RB diet. The AR of gross energy was higher(P < 0.02) for MES versus non-MES birds in starter and finisher phases. In conclusion independently, RB increased gizzard weight and reduced final BW whereas MES improved growth and energy utilization.
基金The authors thank the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21676276).
文摘Polyelectrolyte-doped microcapsules(PDM)was fabricated by coaxial electrospray of a mixture of glycerol and water containing 10 mg/mL cationic polyelectrolyte poly(allylamine hydrochloride)(PAH)fed as the core phase solution,and a N,N-dimethylacetylamide solution of 10 wt%polyurethane fed as the shell phase solution.Multienzyme system involving Candida Antarctica lipase B(CALB),glucose oxidase(GOD),and horseradish peroxidase(HRP)for cascade reaction was assembled in the PDM at three different places,namely,surface,shell,and lumen.Placing of enzyme inside aqueous lumen of the PDM was realized by in situ encapsulation through adding the enzyme in the core-phase solution for coaxial electrospray.By ion-pairing of enzyme with cationic surfactant CTAB,an organic soluble enzyme-CTAB complex was prepared,so that in situ embedding of enzyme in the shell of the PDM was realized by adding it into the shell phase solution.Surface attachment of enzymes was achieved by layer-by-layer(LbL)technology,which is based on the ion-exchange interactions between oppositely charged enzymes and PAH that was doped in PDM.The enzyme-decorated microcapsule was then studied as a microbioreactor,in which 1-Oxododecyla-α-glucopyranoside was converted by CALB to glucose,which was oxidised by GOD to gluconolactone in a second step.The hydrogen peroxide produced was then used by HRP to oxidize ABTS to form coloured radical cation ABTS•+for activity analysis.The successful fabrication of the PDM and precise localization of enzymes in the PDM by different strategies were fully characterized.By varying the immobilization strategy,totally six PDM bioreactors with three enzymes precisely positional assembled in different strategies were constructed and their activities for the cascade reaction were investigated and compared.The PDM micro-bioreactor prepared by novel electrospray technologies provide a smart platform for positional assembly of multi-enzyme cascade reaction in a precise and well-controlled manner.
