Cellular Automata-based Chloride Ion Diffusion Simulation of Concrete Bridges under Multi-factor Coupling Actions

In order to accurately simulate the diffusion of chloride ion in the existing concrete bridge and acquire the precise chloride ion concentration at given time, a cellular automata （CA）-based model is proposed. The process of chloride ion diffusion is analyzed by the CA-based method and a nonlinear solution of the Fick＇s second law is obtained. Considering the impact of various factors such as stress states, temporal and spatial variability of diffusion parameters and water-cement ratio on the process of chloride ion diffusion, the model of chloride ion diffusion under multi-factor coupling actions is presented. A chloride ion penetrating experiment reported in the literature is used to prove the effectiveness and reasonability of the present method, and a T-type beam is taken as an illustrative example to analyze the process of chloride ion diffusion in practical application. The results indicate that CA-based method can simulate the diffusion of chloride ion in the concrete structures with acceptable precision.

A Study of Compound Action Potentials in Current-Coupled Tracts: the General Case

In this paper, the authors investigate compound action potentials formed when the underlying tract's axons have current-mediated coupling amongst themselves, and no field-mediated coupling. The key finding of the paper is that, for the case of biophysically inhomogeneous axon tracts, the compound action potential is governed by a Hodgkin-Huxley like equation itself in certain cases. The paper extends an earlier result for the identical axon case.

Coupling action of rainfall and vehicle loads impact on the stability of loess slopes based on the iso-water content layer

To clarify the changes in slope stability of loess slopes under the coupling action of rainfall and vehicle loads.Experiments with different water contents under different environmental conditions were carried out indoors,and the relationship function between water content and shear strength parameters was obtained;based on Geostudio,an equivalent layered calculation model of water content-strength parameters of loess slope was established,the variation law of soil sample matrix suction with volumetric water content was measured by volumetric pressure plate tester.Finally,by using a combination of finite element analysis of saturated/unsatu-rated seepage and limit equilibrium analysis of slope stability,the SLOPE/W module in the modeling software GeoStudio is used to calculate and analyze the effects of vehicle loads,rainfall intensity,rainfall duration,and other working conditions on the stability of loess slopes,respectively.The results show that when the lane is in the middle of the slope,the vehicle load parameters have little effect on the uphill stability,but have a greater impact on the downhill;With the increase in rainfall,the change curves of the slope safety coefficient gradually overlap when the vehicle loads are four-axis,five-axis,and six-axis.This shows that when studying the change of slope safety factor under the dual influence of vehicle loads and rainfall,rainfall is the main cause of slope stability;The change rate of slope safety factor increases gradually with the increase of rainfall,and the change trends of the upper,lower and overall parts of the slope are similar.

Numerical simulation and experimental validation of moisture-heat coupling for saturated frozen soils

In seasonally frozen regions,freezing-and-thawing action is the main cause responsible for the destruction of canals,which is closely linked to the temperature gradient and water transport.To investigate the behaviour of soils under freezing-and-thawing actions,many numerical models have been established that consider the important coupling of moisture transport and temperature evolution;but they contain excessive parameters,some of which are rather difficult to determine.Based on the well-known Harlan's theory,a simple moisture-heat coupling model was recently proposed to quantify the coupled moisture-heat transport performance of soils in terms of the central temperature and porosity.The mathematical module of COMSOL Multiphysics was further employed to solve the governing equations numerically.To validate our model,a thorough experimental scheme was carried out in our lab.The measured temperature distribution was found to be consistent with the predicted results.

基于ActionScript3语言的组件库架构研究

根据松耦合的原则,通过软件工程中样式展现与逻辑处理相分离,构建一套完整的组件库,该组件库可以使程序开发人员与美术人员的工作不再相互依赖,让频繁的需求变更不再过多的影响到项目开发的进度,有效提高前端Flash界面组件的开发效率和团队的工作效率。组件的具体皮肤样式可以完全通过美术所提供的素材决定,因此组件皮肤样式可以实现完全自定义。通过直接加载素材、位图渲染的形式,提高程序的执行效率。同时,组件库的设计初衷就是尽量避免过于依赖某一个具体语言的某种特性,借助软件工程中松耦合的通用性,可以较为轻松地实现使用其他计算机语言。

Transverse seismic response of beam aque-duct considering fluid-structure coupling

Based on the theory of Housner, the transverse seismic response of beam aqueduct considering fluid-structure coupling is established. With the variation of aqueduct cross-section ratio of depth to width, the aqueduct transverse seismic response change. The transverse seismic response of a large-scale aqueduct in several work condition are calculated. It shows that the transverse seismic response is greatly influenced by the water mass in the aqueduct, but the shaking water play a TLD role. ff the whole water is appended aqueduct body, it will magnify seismic inertia action. When aqueduct cross-section is selected, the influence of ratio of depth and width to pier seismic response should be considered in order to reduce seismic action.

Calculating models of mass action concentrations for structural units or ion couples in RbCl-H_2O binary system and RbCl-RbNO_3-H_2O ternary system

Thermodynamic models of calculating mass action concentrations for structural units or ion couples in RbCl-H2O binary and RbCl-RbNO3-H2O ternary strong electrolyte aqueous solutions were developed based on the ion and molecule coexistence theory at 298.15 K.A transformation coefficient is needed to compare the calculated mass action concentration and the reported activity because they are obtained at different standard states and concentration units.The results show that the transformation coefficients between the calculated mass action concentrations and the reported activities of the same structural units or ion couples in RbCl-H2O binary and RbCl-RbNO3-H2O ternary strong electrolyte aqueous solutions change in a very narrow range.The transformed mass action concentrations of structural units or ion couples in RbCl-H2O binary system are in good agreement with the reported activities. The transformed mass action concentrations of RbCl and RbNO3 in RbCl-RbNO3-H2O ternary solution are also in good agreement with the reported activities,aRbCl and 3RbNOa,with different total ionic strengths as 0.01,0.05,0.1,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,3.0 and 3.5 mol/kg,respectively.All those results mean the developed thermodynamic model of strong electrolyte aqueous solutions can reflect structural characteristics of RbCl-H2O binary and RbCl-RbNO3-H2O ternary strong electrolyte aqueous solutions and the mass action concentration also strictly follows the mass action law.

Static and Dynamic Analysis of Lasing Action from Single and Coupled Photonic Crystal Nanocavity Lasers

The single and coupled photonic crystal nanocavity lasers are fabricated in the InGaAsP material system and their static and dynamic features are compared. The coupled-cavity lasers show a larger lasing e^ciency and generate an output power higher than the single-cavity lasers, results that are consistent with the theoretical results obtained by rate equations. In dynamic regime, the single-cavity lasers produce pulses as short as 113 ps, while the coupled-cavity lasers show a significantly longer lasing duration. These results indicate that the photonic crystal laser is a promising candidate for the light source in high-speed photonic integrated circuit.

我国煤层瓦斯运移模型研究进展

煤层瓦斯运移是矿井瓦斯抽采与煤矿区煤层气开发领域的基础科学问题。从理论分析、试验方法 2个方面,阐述了我国煤层瓦斯运移理论及其渗透特性测试方法的研究现状,重点围绕煤层瓦斯非线性渗流特性、多场耦合作用下的渗流理论等关键问题的最新成果开展论述;进一步对当前普遍采用的煤层瓦斯运移特性的试验方法进行分析。研究建议:深入研究钻孔周围煤体真实应力-应变状态、瓦斯渗透过程中煤孔隙率的演化特性测试等问题,深化对煤层瓦斯非线性渗流模型、与增透或增产措施相适应的瓦斯运移特征演化等问题的认识。

随机风-浪联合传播数值模拟及分析

海洋风、浪往往同时传播,同步传播过程中风、浪之间具有显著的相互耦合作用。针对海洋脉动风和随机波浪同步传播的数值仿真需求,基于程序开发平台MATLAB和计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)软件平台Fluent,提出了一种随机风场和随机波浪联合传播数值模拟方法,基于该数值方法构建了随机风-浪联合传播数值水槽,并对该数值水槽单独随机风、单独随机波浪以及随机风-浪联合传播的数值模拟效果进行了试算和验证分析。结果显示该水槽数值模拟脉动风速与对应理论计算风速相吻合,水槽数值模拟随机波浪与对应理论计算随机波浪相吻合,水槽风-浪联合数值模拟显示了风、浪之间显著耦合作用效应。建立的随机风-浪联合数值水槽在随机风和随机波浪同步传播的数值仿真上具备可靠性及可应用性。研究内容为海上风、浪环境要素耦合效应研究及海洋工程结构风-浪联合作用相关研究提供了平台基础。

岩溶区燃气管道灾害系统多因素耦合作用机理研究

基于灾害系统理论,从“孕灾环境-灾害因子-承灾体-灾情”系统性视角出发,结合系统动力学模型,探讨岩溶区燃气管道灾害系统各子系统内部以及子系统间的耦合关系,考虑多因素间的差异化传导路径,深度剖析灾害演化过程中多因素耦合的作用机理和影响规律。研究表明:(1)孕灾环境活跃性与人员、管道、环境不安全状态以及管理漏洞密切相关;灾害因子风险性受到火灾和爆炸危害的概率、强度、范围、持续时间共同作用;承灾体脆弱性受到社会-经济-自然承灾体三者耦合影响;灾情严重性包含人员伤亡程度、经济损失程度及环境破坏程度三个维度。(2)岩溶区燃气管道灾害的孕育和演化是四个子系统共同作用的结果,子系统两两之间以及三者之间的耦合作用表征灾害不同阶段,而四个子系统间的耦合作用是对整个灾害过程的描述。

并联双线圈式直流接触器电磁机构合闸动作特性

直流接触器是新能源系统以及电动汽车中配置最为广泛的开关电器之一。而直流接触器的动态特性是衡量直流接触器性能的重要指标之一。文中以并联双线圈式直流接触器为研究对象,建立了直流接触器电磁机构的动力学模型,利用基于Adams与Maxwell软件的联合仿真研究方法对直流接触器的电磁机构进行合闸过程的仿真分析,研究结果表明,机构合闸动作的仿真合闸时间与试验合闸时间相吻合,验证了该仿真方法的正确性。同时研究了弹簧参数和线圈参数等因素对机构合闸运动特性的影响,发现在一定范围内弹簧预压力变化对合闸时间影响不大,线圈安匝数增大会导致合闸时间变小,线圈内阻增大会导致合闸时间变大且动触头弹跳更剧烈。文中的仿真方法与结果能为直流接触器电磁机构的改进设计与优化提供一定参考。

复杂荷载作用下海上风机故障停机分析

以10 MW固定式海上风机为研究对象,建立了风-浪-地震-故障海上风机整体耦合模型,模拟了发电机断网引发故障停机的过程,利用时频分析方法探究了该过程中海上风机结构响应机理。结果表明,风浪作用时结构响应的控制频率为风频和波频;地震作用时结构响应显著增加,海上风机的二阶频率成为控制频率;故障停机时结构响应进一步增大,顺桨停机显著激发了海上风机的基频,揭示了海上风机结构的安全性设计应充分考虑此类故障停机情况。

台风登陆期间跨海大桥风-浪-流作用结构振动分析

台风登陆时,常诱发狂风、巨浪、风暴潮等自然灾害,威胁跨海大桥的安全。开展台风登陆期间跨海大桥风-浪-流多灾害作用随机振动分析对桥梁结构设计及安全运营有重要作用。首先,介绍台风登陆期间的风-浪-流多灾害数值模拟技术,利用台风混合风场模型驱动SWAN+ADCIRC波流耦合模型实现桥址海域台风期间的风、浪、潮、流模拟。然后,总结了风、浪、潮、流荷载的计算方法,其中风荷载采用了台风风谱,波浪荷载考虑台风波浪谱及各墩非一致激励。以某跨海公铁两用大桥为例,基于台风“艾利”期间的环境参数模拟结果,并借助有限元软件ANSYS开展跨海大桥多灾害作用振动分析。研究结果表明,长期响应的统计特征可利用每次10 min的30次短期随机时程分析结果均值作为代表值,桥梁短期动力响应极值服从广义极值分布;考虑风向、波向变化对桥梁随机振动分析结果影响显著。

冰碛地层围岩隧道注浆材料组分优化与作用机理

冰碛层隧道围岩的地质组成情况复杂,整体胶结性差,结构不均匀,隧道在开挖过程中易出现围岩垮塌、涌水等问题。因此,以硅酸盐水泥为主材料,添加氧化镁、黄原胶、膨润土及水玻璃进行组分优化,通过析水率试验、凝固试验、流动度试验、力学试验、膨胀率试验及抗渗性能试验,研究一种适用于冰碛层围岩注浆条件的新型水泥基注浆材料,并分析注浆材料的微观形貌与固结机理。结果表明:新型注浆材料孔隙和缝隙基本被充填,结构紧密,抗渗性能相对较好。向材料中引入Mg^(2+)可形成Mg(OH)_(2)晶体以填补材料微孔结构,完善材料抗渗机制。大量纤维状水化硅酸钙(C—S—H)凝胶将钙矾石(AFt)、Ca(OH)_(2)、Mg(OH)_(2)等晶体和黄原胶螯合体胶结包裹成整体,可大幅提高材料抗渗能力。通过现场试验,验证了注浆材料的优良性能,材料可有效固结冰碛松散地层,确保隧道开挖安全。

硫酸盐侵蚀和干湿、冻融循环下混凝土单轴受压损伤对比

为研究宁夏典型服役环境下混凝土材料的损伤特点,本文在硫酸钠侵蚀和干湿、冻融循环三因素的共同作用和耦合作用下研究混凝土棱柱体试样的不同单轴受压应力-应变特点。改变硫酸钠溶液浓度和腐蚀次数,测量试样的质量损失率、相对动弹性模量以及应力-应变曲线。结果表明:随着腐蚀次数的增加,耦合作用下质量损失率和相对动弹模均先增大后减小,共同作用下则均逐渐减小;随着硫酸钠溶液浓度的增大,两种腐蚀制度下试样的应力-应变曲线上升段斜率和峰值应力均逐渐减小,且共同作用比耦合作用劣化效果更明显;随着腐蚀次数的增加,两种腐蚀制度下试样的应力-应变曲线上升段斜率均逐渐减小,耦合作用下峰值应力先增大后减小,共同作用下则逐渐减小,两种腐蚀制度下峰值应变均逐渐增大,共同作用比耦合作用劣化更大。本文提出的两种腐蚀制度下的混凝土应力-应变曲线预测模型可为宁夏服役环境下的混凝土结构寿命预测提供依据。

基于高效解离-选择性絮凝耦合作用的煤气化渣提炭实验研究

煤气化渣是由煤气化工艺产生的一种富含铝硅酸盐、灰组分及残炭的大宗工业固体废弃物,其规模化生产对生态环境造成了严重的影响。因此,将煤气化渣进行炭-灰分离是实现其减量化、无害化和资源化利用的关键。以煤气化渣为研究对象,采用高效解离-选择性絮凝耦合作用的工艺,为实现煤气化渣更为合理、高效的资源化利用,减少煤气化渣带来的土壤、空气、水体资源等污染问题,对煤气化渣进行提炭实验研究。首先分析了煤气化渣的理化性质,其次采用单因素变量法探究了磨矿时间、pH、絮凝剂种类、絮凝剂用量、高速剪切转速对煤气化渣提炭实验的影响,以实现残余炭产品的高度富集。结果表明:原煤气化渣灰分质量分数为67.19%,普通湿筛筛上物料灰分质量分数为54.3%,当煤气化渣磨矿时间为5 s, pH为7,絮凝剂聚氧化乙烯用量为0.4 kg/t,在转速为4 000 r/min高速剪切15 min的条件下提炭效果最佳,最终可获得产率为26.6%、湿筛筛上灰分质量分数为43.3%的残炭产品。对比普通湿筛法,基于高效解离-选择性絮凝实验方法在普通湿筛的基础上灰分质量分数降低了11%,降灰效果明显。

渗流作用下三亚河口通道管幕冻结法温度场数值模拟分析

为得到在渗流作用下管幕冻结法温度场的变化规律,以三亚河口通道海底隧道工程初步设计为例,运用有限元数值模拟软件建立水热耦合模型,假设模型中渗流流向自左向右,通过改变模型中平均渗流速度的大小对冻结帷幕的发展、封闭性、厚度变化等进行分析.结果表明:在冻结期间,随着平均渗流速度的增大,外圈冻土帷幕的形成时间延迟,其向渗流流向偏移的程度增大,且最终稳定的冻土帷幕平均厚度减小;在冻结约14 d后,不同水头差下的冻土帷幕内部渗流速度均降至0 m/d,冻土帷幕在形成的早期受渗流作用的影响较大.鉴于原冻结方案较为保守,提出优化冻结方案:将原冻结方案外圈冻结管减少一半至48根,且调整盐水降温计划实现二次优化.对二次优化结果分有渗流与无渗流两种情形进行讨论,结果得出:优化后在渗流作用下冻土帷幕厚度约5 m,比原方案减少了2 m,既满足冻结设计要求,又提高了经济性.

文化行动视角下的孝道文化与农村家庭养老

人口老龄化是当前中国面临的现实国情,农村养老是中国养老的重点和难点。从文化行动视角来看,在传统农村家庭养老中起着重要的伦理规范和道德约束作用的孝道文化,是实现老有所养的重要理论依据。继承弘扬孝道文化,构建农村家庭孝道养老体系,是实现农村家庭养老的重要理论探索,也是提高农村养老质量的现实选择和治理之策。

冻融-硫酸盐腐蚀耦合作用下早龄期混凝土强度演变及预测模型研究

为了研究冻融-硫酸盐腐蚀耦合作用对早龄期混凝土力学性能的影响,基于新疆若羌地区实际环境条件,对三种水胶比的早龄期混凝土分别进行冻融循环、硫酸盐腐蚀、冻融-硫酸盐腐蚀耦合作用工况下的耐久性试验,分析不同环境作用工况与水胶比交互作用下早龄期混凝土强度经时演变规律和作用机制。同时,基于灰色系统理论与遗传算法,建立早龄期混凝土强度的变权缓冲GM(1,1)模型。研究结果表明:同环境作用工况下,随冻融循环次数增加,早龄期混凝土抗蚀系数均出现先增大后减小的变化规律,并且在腐蚀终期,水胶比与早龄期混凝土抗蚀系数呈负相关。在同水胶比条件下,相较于单一冻融循环工况,冻融-硫酸盐腐蚀耦合作用工况对早龄期混凝土抗蚀系数终值的影响程度更高。早龄期混凝土强度预测模型的最大平均预测误差仅为1.893%,具有较好的预测精度,可为寒冷、盐渍土地区混凝土结构服役状态评估提供参考;通过预测模型对不同环境作用工况下早龄期混凝土进行耐久性评估,可知:冻融循环作用下,0.26、0.32、0.38水胶比的早龄期混凝土预测服役寿命分别是75.3 a、24.6 a、15.3 a,而在冻融-硫酸盐腐蚀耦合作用工况下,同水胶比下早龄期混凝土预测服役寿命缩短至30.7 a、22 a、12.7 a。