Application of DSAPSO Algorithm in Distribution Network Reconfiguration with Distributed Generation

With the current integration of distributed energy resources into the grid,the structure of distribution networks is becoming more complex.This complexity significantly expands the solution space in the optimization process for network reconstruction using intelligent algorithms.Consequently,traditional intelligent algorithms frequently encounter insufficient search accuracy and become trapped in local optima.To tackle this issue,a more advanced particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed.To address the varying emphases at different stages of the optimization process,a dynamic strategy is implemented to regulate the social and self-learning factors.The Metropolis criterion is introduced into the simulated annealing algorithm to occasionally accept suboptimal solutions,thereby mitigating premature convergence in the population optimization process.The inertia weight is adjusted using the logistic mapping technique to maintain a balance between the algorithm’s global and local search abilities.The incorporation of the Pareto principle involves the consideration of network losses and voltage deviations as objective functions.A fuzzy membership function is employed for selecting the results.Simulation analysis is carried out on the restructuring of the distribution network,using the IEEE-33 node system and the IEEE-69 node system as examples,in conjunction with the integration of distributed energy resources.The findings demonstrate that,in comparison to other intelligent optimization algorithms,the proposed enhanced algorithm demonstrates a shorter convergence time and effectively reduces active power losses within the network.Furthermore,it enhances the amplitude of node voltages,thereby improving the stability of distribution network operations and power supply quality.Additionally,the algorithm exhibits a high level of generality and applicability.

A Discrete Multi-Objective Squirrel Search Algorithm for Energy-Efficient Distributed Heterogeneous Permutation Flowshop with Variable Processing Speed

In the manufacturing industry,reasonable scheduling can greatly improve production efficiency,while excessive resource consumption highlights the growing significance of energy conservation in production.This paper studies the problem of energy-efficient distributed heterogeneous permutation flowshop problem with variable processing speed(DHPFSP-VPS),considering both the minimum makespan and total energy consumption(TEC)as objectives.A discrete multi-objective squirrel search algorithm(DMSSA)is proposed to solve the DHPFSPVPS.DMSSA makes four improvements based on the squirrel search algorithm.Firstly,in terms of the population initialization strategy,four hybrid initialization methods targeting different objectives are proposed to enhance the quality of initial solutions.Secondly,enhancements are made to the population hierarchy system and position updating methods of the squirrel search algorithm,making it more suitable for discrete scheduling problems.Additionally,regarding the search strategy,six local searches are designed based on problem characteristics to enhance search capability.Moreover,a dynamic predator strategy based on Q-learning is devised to effectively balance DMSSA’s capability for global exploration and local exploitation.Finally,two speed control energy-efficient strategies are designed to reduce TEC.Extensive comparative experiments are conducted in this paper to validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategies.The results of comparing DMSSA with other algorithms demonstrate its superior performance and its potential for efficient solving of the DHPFSP-VPS problem.

Optimal Location and Sizing ofMulti-Resource Distributed Generator Based onMulti-Objective Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm

Distribution generation(DG)technology based on a variety of renewable energy technologies has developed rapidly.A large number of multi-type DG are connected to the distribution network(DN),resulting in a decline in the stability of DN operation.It is urgent to find a method that can effectively connect multi-energy DG to DN.photovoltaic(PV),wind power generation(WPG),fuel cell(FC),and micro gas turbine(MGT)are considered in this paper.A multi-objective optimization model was established based on the life cycle cost(LCC)of DG,voltage quality,voltage fluctuation,system network loss,power deviation of the tie-line,DG pollution emission index,and meteorological index weight of DN.Multi-objective artificial bee colony algorithm(MOABC)was used to determine the optimal location and capacity of the four kinds of DG access DN,and compared with the other three heuristic algorithms.Simulation tests based on IEEE 33 test node and IEEE 69 test node show that in IEEE 33 test node,the total voltage deviation,voltage fluctuation,and system network loss of DN decreased by 49.67%,7.47%and 48.12%,respectively,compared with that without DG configuration.In the IEEE 69 test node,the total voltage deviation,voltage fluctuation and system network loss of DN in the MOABC configuration scheme decreased by 54.98%,35.93%and 75.17%,respectively,compared with that without DG configuration,indicating that MOABC can reasonably plan the capacity and location of DG.Achieve the maximum trade-off between DG economy and DN operation stability.

Energy Economic Dispatch for Photovoltaic-Storage via Distributed Event-Triggered Surplus Algorithm

This paper presents a novel approach to economic dispatch in smart grids equipped with diverse energy devices.This method integrates features including photovoltaic(PV)systems,energy storage coupling,varied energy roles,and energy supply and demand dynamics.The systemmodel is developed by considering energy devices as versatile units capable of fulfilling various functionalities and playing multiple roles simultaneously.To strike a balance between optimality and feasibility,renewable energy resources are modeled with considerations for forecasting errors,Gaussian distribution,and penalty factors.Furthermore,this study introduces a distributed event-triggered surplus algorithm designed to address the economic dispatch problem by minimizing production costs.Rooted in surplus theory and finite time projection,the algorithm effectively rectifies network imbalances caused by directed graphs and addresses local inequality constraints.The algorithm greatly reduces the communication burden through event triggering mechanism.Finally,both theoretical proofs and numerical simulations verify the convergence and event-triggered nature of the algorithm.

Advanced in power control for distributed generation system using cooperative algorithms

To develop efficient power control strategies for a distributed generation system in order to improve the overall system efficiency, we propose a cooperative algorithm to analyze and design the controller, in which elements of conventional mathematical optimization algorithms are combined with adaptive dynamic elements drawn from intelligent control theory. In our design, the sequential quadratic programming algorithm was first utilized to obtain an optimal solution for power distribution among multiple units. Fuzzy system was then developed to implement the optimal strategies on the basis of optimal solution. In addition, parameters of the fuzzy system were adapted via a genetic algorithm. Tbe simulation results illustrate that the methodology described is useful for a range of control system designs.

Distributed Algorithms for Maximizing Lifetime in Clustered Wireless Sensor Networks Using Energy-harvesting Relay Nodes

Motivated by recent developments in wireless sensor networks(WSNs),we present distributed clustering algorithms for maximizing the lifetime of WSNs,that is,the duration until the first node dies.We study the joint problem of prolonging network lifetime by introducing clustering techniques and energy-harvesting(EH)nodes.First,we propose a distributed clustering algorithm for maximizing the lifetime of clustered WSN,which includes EH nodes,serving as relay nodes for cluster heads(CHs).Second,graph-based and LP-based EH-CH matching algorithms are proposed which serve as benchmark algorithms.Extensive simulation results show that the proposed algorithms can achieve optimal or suboptimal solutions efficiently.

A Fully Distributed Approach to Optimal Energy Scheduling of Users and Generators Considering a Novel Combined Neurodynamic Algorithm in Smart Grid

A fully distributed microgrid system model is presented in this paper.In the user side,two types of load and plug-in electric vehicles are considered to schedule energy for more benefits.The charging and discharging states of the electric vehicles are represented by the zero-one variables with more flexibility.To solve the nonconvex optimization problem of the users,a novel neurodynamic algorithm which combines the neural network algorithm with the differential evolution algorithm is designed and its convergence speed is faster.A distributed algorithm with a new approach to deal with the inequality constraints is used to solve the convex optimization problem of the generators which can protect their privacy.Simulation results and comparative experiments show that the model and algorithms are effective.

Distributed blackboard decision-making framework for collaborative planning based on nested genetic algorithm

A distributed blackboard decision-making framework for collaborative planning based on nested genetic algorithm （NGA） is proposed. By using blackboard-based communication paradigm and shared data structure, multiple decision-makers （DMs） can collaboratively solve the tasks-platforms allocation scheduling problems dynamically through the coordinator. This methodo- logy combined with NGA maximizes tasks execution accuracy, also minimizes the weighted total workload of the DM which is measured in terms of intra-DM and inter-DM coordination. The intra-DM employs an optimization-based scheduling algorithm to match the tasks-platforms assignment request with its own platforms. The inter-DM coordinates the exchange of collaborative request information and platforms among DMs using the blackboard architecture. The numerical result shows that the proposed black- board DM framework based on NGA can obtain a near-optimal solution for the tasks-platforms collaborative planning problem. The assignment of platforms-tasks and the patterns of coordination can achieve a nice trade-off between intra-DM and inter-DM coordination workload.

Distributed consensus algorithm for networked Euler-Lagrange systems with self-delays and uncertainties

A distributed coordinated consensus problem for multiple networked Euler-Lagrange systems is studied. The communication between agents is subject to time delays, unknown parameters and nonlinear inputs, but only with their states available for measurement. When the communication topology of the system is connected, an adaptive control algorithm with selfdelays and uncertainties is suggested to guarantee global full-state synchro-nization that the difference between the agent＇s positions and ve-locities asymptotically converges to zero. Moreover, the distributed sliding-mode law is given for chaotic systems with nonlinear inputs to compensate for the effects of nonlinearity. Finally, simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.

Combinations of Estimation of Distribution Algorithms and Other Techniques

This paper summaries our recent work on combining estimation of distribution algorithms （EDA） and other techniques for solving hard search and optimization problems： a） guided mutation, an offspring generator in which the ideas from EDAs and genetic algorithms are combined together, we have shown that an evolutionary algorithm with guided mutation outperforms the best GA for the maximum clique problem, b） evolutionary algorithms refining a heuristic, we advocate a strategy for solving a hard optimization problem with complicated data structure, and c） combination of two different local search techniques and EDA for numerical global optimization problems, its basic idea is that not all the new generated points are needed to be improved by an expensive local search.

A Primal-Dual SGD Algorithm for Distributed Nonconvex Optimization

The distributed nonconvex optimization problem of minimizing a global cost function formed by a sum of n local cost functions by using local information exchange is considered.This problem is an important component of many machine learning techniques with data parallelism,such as deep learning and federated learning.We propose a distributed primal-dual stochastic gradient descent(SGD)algorithm,suitable for arbitrarily connected communication networks and any smooth(possibly nonconvex)cost functions.We show that the proposed algorithm achieves the linear speedup convergence rate O(1/(√nT))for general nonconvex cost functions and the linear speedup convergence rate O(1/(nT)) when the global cost function satisfies the Polyak-Lojasiewicz(P-L)condition,where T is the total number of iterations.We also show that the output of the proposed algorithm with constant parameters linearly converges to a neighborhood of a global optimum.We demonstrate through numerical experiments the efficiency of our algorithm in comparison with the baseline centralized SGD and recently proposed distributed SGD algorithms.

ADMM-based Distributed Algorithm for Economic Dispatch in Power Systems With Both Packet Drops and Communication Delays

By virtue of alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM), Newton-Raphson method, ratio consensus approach and running sum method, two distributed iterative strategies are presented in this paper to address the economic dispatch problem(EDP) in power systems. Different from most of the existing distributed ED approaches which neglect the effects of packet drops or/and time delays, this paper takes into account both packet drops and time delays which frequently occur in communication networks. Moreover, directed and possibly unbalanced graphs are considered in our algorithms, over which many distributed approaches fail to converge. Furthermore, the proposed schemes can address the EDP with local constraints of generators and nonquadratic convex cost functions, not just quadratic ones required in some existing ED approaches. Both theoretical analyses and simulation studies are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.

Distributed Optimal Variational GNE Seeking in Merely Monotone Games

In this paper, the optimal variational generalized Nash equilibrium(v-GNE) seeking problem in merely monotone games with linearly coupled cost functions is investigated, in which the feasible strategy domain of each agent is coupled through an affine constraint. A distributed algorithm based on the hybrid steepest descent method is first proposed to seek the optimal v-GNE. Then, an accelerated algorithm with relaxation is proposed and analyzed, which has the potential to further improve the convergence speed to the optimal v-GNE. Some sufficient conditions in both algorithms are obtained to ensure the global convergence towards the optimal v-GNE. To illustrate the performance of the algorithms, numerical simulation is conducted based on a networked Nash-Cournot game with bounded market capacities.

A Whale Optimization Algorithm with Distributed Collaboration and Reverse Learning Ability

Due to the development of digital transformation,intelligent algorithms are getting more and more attention.The whale optimization algorithm(WOA)is one of swarm intelligence optimization algorithms and is widely used to solve practical engineering optimization problems.However,with the increased dimensions,higher requirements are put forward for algorithm performance.The double population whale optimization algorithm with distributed collaboration and reverse learning ability(DCRWOA)is proposed to solve the slow convergence speed and unstable search accuracy of the WOA algorithm in optimization problems.In the DCRWOA algorithm,the novel double population search strategy is constructed.Meanwhile,the reverse learning strategy is adopted in the population search process to help individuals quickly jump out of the non-ideal search area.Numerical experi-ments are carried out using standard test functions with different dimensions(10,50,100,200).The optimization case of shield construction parameters is also used to test the practical application performance of the proposed algo-rithm.The results show that the DCRWOA algorithm has higher optimization accuracy and stability,and the convergence speed is significantly improved.Therefore,the proposed DCRWOA algorithm provides a better method for solving practical optimization problems.

Distributed collaborative complete coverage path planning based on hybrid strategy

Collaborative coverage path planning(CCPP) refers to obtaining the shortest paths passing over all places except obstacles in a certain area or space. A multi-unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) collaborative CCPP algorithm is proposed for the urban rescue search or military search in outdoor environment.Due to flexible control of small UAVs, it can be considered that all UAVs fly at the same altitude, that is, they perform search tasks on a two-dimensional plane. Based on the agents’ motion characteristics and environmental information, a mathematical model of CCPP problem is established. The minimum time for UAVs to complete the CCPP is the objective function, and complete coverage constraint, no-fly constraint, collision avoidance constraint, and communication constraint are considered. Four motion strategies and two communication strategies are designed. Then a distributed CCPP algorithm is designed based on hybrid strategies. Simulation results compared with patternbased genetic algorithm(PBGA) and random search method show that the proposed method has stronger real-time performance and better scalability and can complete the complete CCPP task more efficiently and stably.

Optimal Configuration of Fault Location Measurement Points in DC Distribution Networks Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

The escalating deployment of distributed power sources and random loads in DC distribution networks hasamplified the potential consequences of faults if left uncontrolled. To expedite the process of achieving an optimalconfiguration of measurement points, this paper presents an optimal configuration scheme for fault locationmeasurement points in DC distribution networks based on an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm.Initially, a measurement point distribution optimization model is formulated, leveraging compressive sensing.The model aims to achieve the minimum number of measurement points while attaining the best compressivesensing reconstruction effect. It incorporates constraints from the compressive sensing algorithm and networkwide viewability. Subsequently, the traditional particle swarm algorithm is enhanced by utilizing the Haltonsequence for population initialization, generating uniformly distributed individuals. This enhancement reducesindividual search blindness and overlap probability, thereby promoting population diversity. Furthermore, anadaptive t-distribution perturbation strategy is introduced during the particle update process to enhance the globalsearch capability and search speed. The established model for the optimal configuration of measurement points issolved, and the results demonstrate the efficacy and practicality of the proposed method. The optimal configurationreduces the number of measurement points, enhances localization accuracy, and improves the convergence speedof the algorithm. These findings validate the effectiveness and utility of the proposed approach.

Distributed Momentum-Based Frank-Wolfe Algorithm for Stochastic Optimization

This paper considers distributed stochastic optimization,in which a number of agents cooperate to optimize a global objective function through local computations and information exchanges with neighbors over a network.Stochastic optimization problems are usually tackled by variants of projected stochastic gradient descent.However,projecting a point onto a feasible set is often expensive.The Frank-Wolfe(FW)method has well-documented merits in handling convex constraints,but existing stochastic FW algorithms are basically developed for centralized settings.In this context,the present work puts forth a distributed stochastic Frank-Wolfe solver,by judiciously combining Nesterov's momentum and gradient tracking techniques for stochastic convex and nonconvex optimization over networks.It is shown that the convergence rate of the proposed algorithm is O(k^(-1/2))for convex optimization,and O(1/log_(2)(k))for nonconvex optimization.The efficacy of the algorithm is demonstrated by numerical simulations against a number of competing alternatives.

Push-Pull Finite-Time Convergence Distributed Optimization Algorithm

With the widespread application of distributed systems, many problems need to be solved urgently. How to design distributed optimization strategies has become a research hotspot. This article focuses on the solution rate of the distributed convex optimization algorithm. Each agent in the network has its own convex cost function. We consider a gradient-based distributed method and use a push-pull gradient algorithm to minimize the total cost function. Inspired by the current multi-agent consensus cooperation protocol for distributed convex optimization algorithm, a distributed convex optimization algorithm with finite time convergence is proposed and studied. In the end, based on a fixed undirected distributed network topology, a fast convergent distributed cooperative learning method based on a linear parameterized neural network is proposed, which is different from the existing distributed convex optimization algorithms that can achieve exponential convergence. The algorithm can achieve finite-time convergence. The convergence of the algorithm can be guaranteed by the Lyapunov method. The corresponding simulation examples also show the effectiveness of the algorithm intuitively. Compared with other algorithms, this algorithm is competitive.

Adaptive Multisensor Tracking Fusion Algorithm for Air－borne Distributed Passive Sensor Network

Single passive sensor tracking algorithms have four disadvantages: bad stability, longdynamic time, big bias and sensitive to initial conditions. So the corresponding fusion algorithm results in bad performance. A new error analysis method for two passive sensor tracking system is presented and the error equations are deduced in detail. Based on the equations, we carry out theoretical computation and Monte Carlo computer simulation. The results show the correctness of our error computation equations. With the error equations, we present multiple 'two station'fusion algorithm using adaptive pseudo measurement equations. This greatly enhances the tracking performance and makes the algorithm convergent very fast and not sensitive to initial conditions.Simulation results prove the correctness of our new algorithm.

Novel Voltage Scaling Algorithm Through Ant Colony Optimization for Embedded Distributed Systems

Dynamic voltage scaling (DVS), supported by many DVS-enabled processors, is an efficient technique for energy-efficient embedded systems. Many researchers work on DVS and have presented various DVS algorithms, some with quite good results. However, the previous algorithms either have a large time complexity or obtain results sensitive to the count of the voltage modes. Fine-grained voltage modes lead to optimal results, but coarse-grained voltage modes cause less optimal one. A new algorithm is presented, which is based on ant colony optimization, called ant colony optimization voltage and task scheduling (ACO-VTS) with a low time complexity implemented by parallelizing and its linear time approximation algorithm. Both of them generate quite good results, saving up to 30% more energy than that of the previous ones under coarse-grained modes, and their results don’t depend on the number of modes available.