Dynamic Characteristics of Long -Span Steel -Concrete CompositeBeam Bridge Based on Vehicle -Bridge Coupling Effect

In order to investigate the effect of vehicle-bridge coupling on the dynamic characteristics of the bridge,a steel-concrete composite beam suspension bridge is taken as the research object,and a three-dimensional spatial model of the bridge and a biaxial vehicle model of the vehicle are established,and then a vehicle-bridge coupling vibration system is constructed on the basis of the Nemak-βmethod,and the impact coefficients of each part of the bridge are obtained under different bridge deck unevenness and vehicle speed.The simulation results show that the bridge deck unevenness has the greatest influence on the vibration response of the bridge,and the bridge impact coefficient increases along with the increase in the level of bridge deck unevenness,and the impact coefficient of the main longitudinal girder and the secondary longitudinal girder achieves the maximum value when the level 4 unevenness is 0.328 and 0.314,respectively;when the vehicle speed is increased,the vibration response of the bridge increases and then decreases,and the impact coefficient of the bridge in the middle of the bridge at a speed of 60 km/h achieves the maximum value of 0.192.

Crust-Mantle Structure and Coupling Effects on Mineralization : An Example from Jiaodong Gold Ore Deposits Concentrating Area, China

Based on the results of two dimension velo city structure, 1∶100 000 aeromagnetic anomaly, 1∶200 000 bouguer gravity anom aly and seismic anisotropy of Jiaodong and neighboring region in Shandong, China , the information of geophysical field was divided into two parts: deep and sh allow focus fields. And then, the information of two different fields was c ombined with that of deep seated geology and ore deposit features. The syntheti c result was adopted to analyze three dimension structure, to probe into crust mantle coupling effects of mineralization and dynamics of ore formation system .

NUMERICAL STUDIES ON RESONANT AND ENHANCEMENT EFFECTS FOR COUPLING OF MICROWAVE PULSES INTO NARROW SLOTS

In this paper, modifications to the finite-difference time-domain(FD-TD) method for modeling microwave pulse coupling into a slot, which is much narrower than one conventional FD-TD cell, are discussed. The coupling process of microwave pulse into a slot is studied by using the modified FD-TD method, and the dependence of microwave coupling on slot sizes, the carrier frequencies and the polarization directions of the incident waves is analysed. Resonant and enhancement effects which occur in this process are observed. The condition at which the resonant effect takes place is also presented.

Coupling Effects of Irrigation and Phosphorus Fertilizer Applications on Phosphorus Uptake and Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat

The water content and nutrient in soil are two main determine factors to crop yield and quality, managements of which in field are of great importance to maintain sustainable high yield. The objective of this study was to measure the uptake, forms, and use efficiency of phosphorus （P） in wheat under four levels of irrigation （W0, W1, W2, and W3） and three levels of P application （P0, P1, and P2） through two growth seasons of wheat （2008-2010）. The field experiment was carried out in a low level of soil P concentration and the eultivar was Jimai 20. The results indicated that P fertilizer combined with irrigation not only improved the activity of phosphatase in soil, but also increased P accumulation in wheat, similar results was found in the grain of wheat, the content of total P increased significantly. Meanwhile, the mainly existence forms of P in grain were the lecithoid-P and labile organic-P. On the other hand, in comparison to the irrigation, the dry matter and grain P production efficiency and postponing P application of wheat increased with increasing Papplication rates within the range of 0-180 kg P2O5 ha-1. The interaction between P and irrigation also significantly （P〈0.01） affected on the P accumulation, grain total P, grain phospholipid P, and P production efficiency. In this study, therefore, the P applications and irrigation improved grain P production efficiency and postponing P application of winter wheat, and W2P2 treatment （180 kg P2O5 ha-1 combination with 120 mm irrigation） had a high P accumulation and P use efficiency, it was an optimum level for P fertilizer application and irrigation in this region.

Coupling Effects of A Deep-Water Drilling Riser and the Platform and the Discharging Fluid Column in An Emergency Disconnect Scenario

As drilling operations move into remote locations and extreme water depths, recoil analysis requires more careful considerations and the incidence of emergency disconnect is increased inevitably. To accurately capture the recoil dynamics of a deep-water riser in an emergency disconnect scenario, researchers typically focus on modelling the influential subsystems (e.g., the tensioner, the mud discharge and seawater refilling process) which can be solved in the preprocessing, and then the determined parameters are transmitted into an existing global riser analysis software. Distinctively, the current study devotes efforts into the coupling effects resulting from that the suspended riser reacts the platform heave motion via the tensioner system in the course of recoil and the discharging fluid column follows the oscillation of the riser in the mud discharge process. Four simulation models are established based on lumped mass method employing different formulas for the top boundary condition of the riser and the discharging flow acceleration. It demonstrates that the coupling effects discussed above can significantly affect the recoil behavior during the transition phase from initial disconnect to the final hang-off state. It is recommended to develop a fully- coupled integrated model for recoil analysis and anti-recoil control system design before extreme deep-water applications.

Study on Rigid-Flexible Coupling Effects of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines

In order to account for rigid-flexible coupling effects of floating offshore wind turbines, a nonlinear rigid-flexible coupled dynamic model is proposed in this paper. The proposed nonlinear coupled model takes the higher-order axial displacements into account, which are usually neglected in the conventional linear dynamic model. Subsequently,investigations on the dynamic differences between the proposed nonlinear dynamic model and the linear one are conducted. The results demonstrate that the stiffness of the turbine blades in the proposed nonlinear dynamic model increases with larger overall motions but that in the linear dynamic model declines with larger overall motions.Deformation of the blades in the nonlinear dynamic model is more reasonable than that in the linear model as well.Additionally, more distinct coupling effects are observed in the proposed nonlinear model than those in the linear model. Finally, it shows that the aerodynamic loads, the structural loads and global dynamic responses of floating offshore wind turbines using the nonlinear dynamic model are slightly smaller than those using the linear dynamic model. In summary, compared with the conventional linear dynamic model, the proposed nonlinear coupling dynamic model is a higher-order dynamic model in consideration of the rigid-flexible coupling effects of floating offshore wind turbines, and accord more perfectly with the engineering facts.

Finite size effects on helical edge states in HgTe quantum wells with the spin orbit coupling due to bulk- and structure-inversion asymmetries

There is a quantum spin Hall state in the inverted HgTe quantum well, characterized by the topologically protected gapless helical edge states lying within the bulk gap. It has been found that for a strip of finite width, the edge states on the two sides can couple together to produce a gap in the spectrum. The phenomenon is called the finite size effect in quantum spin Hall systems. In this paper, we investigate the effects of the spin-orbit coupling due to bulk- and structure-inversion asymmetries on the finite size effect in the HgTe quantum well by means of the numerical diagonalization method. When the bulk-inversion asymmetry is taken into account, it is shown that the energy gap Eg of the edge states due to the finite size effect features an oscillating exponential decay as a function of the strip width of the HgTe quantum well. The origin of this oscillatory pattern on the exponential decay is explained. Furthermore, if the bulk- and structure-inversion asymmetries are considered simultaneously, the structure-inversion asymmetry will induce a shift of the energy gap Eg closing point. Finally, based on the roles of the bulk- and structure-inversion asymmetries on the finite size effects, a way to realize the quantum spin Hall field effect transistor is proposed.

Effects of the coupling process on shortwave radiative feedback during ENSO in FGOALS-g

Satisfactory simulation of negative shortwave（SW） radiative feedback during ENSO in the equatorial Pacific remains a challenging issue for climate models. Previous studies have focused on specific physical processes in the atmospheric and/or oceanic model, but the coupling process in coupled models has not received much attention. To investigate the coupling effect on SW feedback, two versions of an AGCM and their corresponding coupled models are analyzed. Results indicate that the effects of the coupling process in the two versions lead to weakening and enhancement of the negative feedback in the earlier and new versions, respectively, mainly due to their different changes in cloud fraction feedback and dynamical feedback. Further examination of the nonlinearity of the feedback reveals that the opposite coupling effects in the two versions originate from their different responses to El Nio and to La Nia.

Interfacial coupling effects in g-C_(3)N_(4)/In_(x)Sb_(2-x)S_(3) heterojunction for enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light

A series of In_(x)Sb_(2-x)S_(3) nanosheets modified g-C_(3)N_(4)(In_(x)Sb_(2-x)S_(3)-TCN)heterojunctions with different g-C_(3)N_(4) contents were fabricated by an in situ deposition method.All the In_(x)Sb_(2-x)S_(3)-TCN composites were applied as photocatalysts in Cr(Ⅵ)polluted water treatment and the results displayed that In_(x)Sb_(2-x)S_(3)-TCN could effectively remove Cr(Ⅵ)under visible light through synergistic effects of adsorption and photocatalytic reduction.Especially,In_(x)Sb_(2-x)S_(3)-TCN-70(70 mg g-C_(3)N_(4)) exhibited the most excellent adsorption and photocatalytic reduction performance among all composites,which possessed a high equilibrium adsorption capacity of 12.45 mg/g in a 30.0 mg/L Cr(Ⅵ)aqueous solution,and reduced Cr(Ⅵ)to Cr(Ⅲ)within 10 min under visible light irradiation.DRS and PL results indicated that the interfacial coupling effect between g-C_(3)N_(4)and In_(x)Sb_(2-x)S_(3) enhanced the utilization efficiency of visible light and suppressed photoinduced carrier recombination,which improved the photocatalytic activity of composites.Moreover,the photocatalyst exhibited satisfactory reduction activity and good stability after 5 cycles of Cr(Ⅵ)adsorptionphotoreduction.

Edge Effects and Coupling Effects in Atomic Force Microscope Images

The AFM images were obtained by an atomic force microscope (AFM) and transformed from the deformation of AFM micro cantilever probe. However, due to the surface topography and surface forces applied on the AFM tip of sample, the deformation of AFM probe results in obvious edge effects and coupling effects in the AFM images.The deformation of AFM probe was analyzed,the mechanism of the edge effects and the coupling effects was investigated, and their results in the AFM images were studied. It is demonstrated by the theoretical analysis and AFM experiments that the edge effects make lateral force images more clear than the topography images,also make extraction of frictional force from lateral force images more complex and difficult. While the coupling effects make the comparison between topography images and lateral force images more advantage to acquire precise topography information by AFM.

Coupling effects of depletion interactions in a three-sphere colloidal system

In a three-sphere system, the middle sphere is acted upon by two opposite depletion forces from the other two spheres. It is found that, in this system, the two depletion forces are coupled with each other and result in a strengthened depletion force. So the difference of the depletion forces of the three-sphere system and its corresponding two two-sphere systems is introduced to describe the coupling effect of the depletion interactions. The numerical results obtained by Monte- Carlo simulations show that this coupling effect is affected by both the concentration of small spheres and the geometrical confinement. Meanwhile, it is also found that the mechanisms of the coupling effect and the effect on the depletion force from the ~eometry factor are the same.

The Coupling of Voltage and Frequecncy Response in Splitting Island and Its Effects on Load-shedding Relays

The voltage and frequency dynamics interact with each other in the island after splitting. The current frequency response model without considering the voltage effect would bring remarkable errors when analyzing the frequency dynamic progress in the island with large-capacity active-power shortage. In this paper, coupling effects of voltage and frequency are studied to indicate that initial reactive-power deficit and load characteristics have strong effects on the coupling effects of the voltage and frequency. Moreover, control effects of currently used under frequency load-shedding relays (UFLS) and under voltage load-shedding relays (UVLS) which are installed and executed independently are examined to find that it would sometimes cause excessive or inadequate control without considering the coupling, suggesting that it is necessary to develop coordinate control methods for voltage and frequency problems.

Effects of Tensor Couplings on Nucleonic Direct URCA Processes in Neutron Star Matter

The relativistic neutrino emissivity of the nucleonic direct URCA processes in neutron star matter is investigated within the relativistic Hartree-Fock approximation. We particularly study the influences of the tensor couplings of vector mesons ω and ρ on the nucleonic direct URCA processes. It is found that the inclusion of the tensor couplings of vector mesons w and p can slightly increase the maximum mass of neutron stars. In addition, the results indicate that the tensor couplings of vector mesons ω and ρ lead to obvious enhancement of the total neutrino emissivity for the nucleonic direct URCA processes, which must accelerate the cooling rate of the non- superfluid neutron star matter. However, when considering only the tensor coupling of vector meson ρ, the neutrino emissivity for the nucleonic direct URCA processes slightly declines at low densities and significantly increases at high densities. That is, the tensor coupling of vector meson ρ leads to the slow cooling rate of a low-mass neutron star and rapid cooling rate of a massive neutron star.

Coupling effects of morphology and inner pore distribution on the mechanical response of calcareous sand particles

Calcareous sand is typically known as a problematic marine sediment because of its diverse morphology and complex inner pore structure.However,the coupling effects of morphology and inner pores on the mechanical properties of calcareous sand particles have rarely been investigated and understood.In this study,apparent contours and internal pore distributions of calcareous sand particles were obtained by three-dimensional(3D)scanning imaging and X-ray micro-computed tomography(X-mCT),respectively.It was revealed that calcareous sand particles with different outer morphologies have different porosities and inner pore distributions because of their original sources and particle transport processes.In addition,a total of 120 photo-related compression tests and 4923D discrete element simulations of four specific shaped particles,i.e.bulky,angular,dendritic and flaky,with variations in the inner pore distribution were conducted.The macroscopic particle strength and Weibull modulus obtained from the physical tests are not positively correlated with the porosity or regularity in shape,indicating the existence of coupling effect of particle shape and pore distribution.The shape effect on the particle strength first increases with the porosity and then decreases.The particle crushing of relatively regular particles is governed by the porosity,but that of extremely irregular particles is governed by the particle shape.The particle strength increases with the uniformity of the pore distribution.Particle fragmentation is mainly dependant on tensile bond strength,and the degree of tensile failure is considerably impacted by the particle shape but limited by the pore distribution.

Tailoring topological corner states in photonic crystals by near-and far-field coupling effects

We explore the behaviors of optically coupled topological corner states in supercell arrays composed of photonic crystal rods,where each supercell is a second-order topological insulator.Our findings indicate that the coupled corner states possess nondegenerate eigenfrequencies at theΓpoint,with coupled dipole corner states excited resonantly by incident plane waves and displaying a polarization-independent characteristic.The resonance properties of coupled dipole corner states can be effectively modulated via evanescently near-field coupling,while multipole decomposition shows that they are primarily dominated by electric quadrupole moment and magnetic dipole moment.Furthermore,we demonstrate that these coupled corner states can form surface lattice resonances driven by diffractively far-field coupling,leading to a dramatic increase in the quality factor.This work introduces more optical approaches to tailoring photonic topological states,and holds potential applications in mid-infrared topological micro-nano devices.

Controlling Entropic Uncertainty in the Presence of Quantum Memory by Non-Markovian Effects and Atom-Cavity Couplings

Based on the time-convolutionless master-equation approach, the entropic uncertainty in the presence of quantum memory is investigated for a two-atom system in two dissipative cavities. We find that the entropic uncertainty can be controlled by the non-Markovian effect and the atom-cavity coupling. The results show that increasing the atom-cavity coupling can enlarge the oscillating frequencies of the entropic uncertainty and can decrease the minimal value of the entropic uncertainty. Enhancing the non-Markovian effect can reduce the minimal value of the entropic uncertainty. In particular, if the atom-cavity coupling or the non-Markovian effect is very strong, the entropic uncertainty will be very dose to zero at certain time points, thus Bob can minimize his uncertainty about Alice＇s measurement outcomes,

Coupling Effects of Depletion Interactions in Colloidal Suspensions

The depletion interactions of the three-sphere system in which the three spheres are on one line are studied by Monte Carlo simulations. The depletion interactions are determined by ARM, and the coupling effect was proved by the numerical result that the depletion interactions in the three-sphere system are larger than that of the corresponding two-sphere system. Furthermore, we find that the mechanisms of the coupling effect and the effect on depletion force from the geometry factor are the same. In addition, the numerical results also show that this coupling effect will be affected by both the volume fraction and separation of three-sphere system.

Coupling Effects of Depletion Interactions in Three-Sphere Systems with Different Size Ratio of Large- to Small-Sphere

The coupling effects of depletion interactions in three-sphere systems with different size ratio of large- to small-sphere are studied by Monte Carlosimulations in this paper. The numerical results show that this coupling effect is affected by the size ratio of large- to small-sphere: the larger the size ratio is, the larger the coupling effect will be.

Effects of Hydrogen on the Methane Coupling under Non-equilibrium Plasma

In this paper, hydrogen is first utilized in the study on methane coupling under nonequilibrium plasma. Results indicate that the addition of hydrogen is beneficial. to the methane coupling so as to increase the conversion rate of methane and the yield of C2 hydrocarbon with a gradual increase in the addition of hydrogen in a certain range of proportionality. This conclusion explores a new route of hydrogenated methane coupling.

THE COUPLED EFFECTS OF MECHANICAL DEFORMATION AND ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES IN CARBON NANOTUBES

Coupled effects of mechanical and electronic behavior in single walled carbon nanotubes are investigated by using quantum mechanics and quantum molecular dynamics.It is found that external applied electric fields can cause charge polarization and significant geometric deformation in metallic and semi-metallic carbon nanotubes.The electric induced axial tension ratio can be up to 10% in the armchair tube and 8.5% in the zigzag tube.Pure external applied load has little effect on charge distribution,but indeed influences the energy gap.Tensile load leads to a narrower energy gap and compressive load increases the gap.When the CNT is tensioned under an external electric field,the effect of mechanical load on the electronic structures of the CNT becomes significant,and the applied electric field may reduce the critical mechanical tension load remarkably.Size effects are also discussed.