HARMONIC, SUBHARMONIC, SUPERHARMONIC, SIMULTANEOUS SUB/SUPER HARMONIC AND COMBINATION RESONANCES OF SELF-EXCITED TWO COUPLED SECOND ORDER SYSTEMS TO MULTI-FREQUENCY EXCITATION

Harmonic, subharmonic, superharmonic, simultaneous sub/super harmonic, and combination resonances of the additive type of self-excited two coupled-second order systems to multi-frequency excitation are investigated. The theoretical results are obtained by the multiple-scales method. The steady state amplitudes for each resonance are plotted, showing the influence of the different parameters. Analysis for each figure is given. Approximate solution corresponding to each type of resonance is determined. Stability analyses are carried out for each case.

Optimization of ultrasonic elastography by coded excitation and transmit-side multi-frequency compounding

To improve the quality of ultrasonic elastography, by taking the advantage of code excitation and frequency compounding, a transmitting-side multi-frequency with coded excitation for elastography （TFCCE） was proposed. TFCCE adopts the chirp signal excitation scheme and strikes a balance in the selection of sub-signal bandwidth, the bandwidth overlap and the number of sub-strain image based on theoretical derivation, so as to further improve the quality of elastic image. Experiments have proved that, compared with the other optimizing methods, the elastographyic signal-to-noise ratio（Re-SN） and contrast-to-noise ratio（Re-CN） are improved significantly with different echo signal-to-noise ratios （ReSN） and attenuation coefficients. When ReSN is 50 dB, compared with short pulse, Rc-SN and Re-CN obtained by TFCCE increase by 53% and 143%, respectively. Moreover, in a deeper investigation （85-95 mm）, the image has lower strain noise and clear details. When the attenuation coefficient is in the range of 0-1 dB/（cm.MHz）, Re-SN and Re-CN obtained by TFCCE can be kept in moderate ranges of 5〈Re-SN〈6.8 and 11.4〈Re-CN〈15.2, respectively. In particular, for higher tissue attenuation, the basic image quality cannot be ensured with short pulse excitation, while mediocre quality strain figure can be obtained by TFCCE. Therefore, the TFCCE technology can effectively improve the elastography quality and can be applied to ultrasonic clinical trials.

Treatable focal region modulated by double excitation signal superimposition to realize platform temperature distribution during transcranial brain tumor therapy with high-intensity focused ultrasound

Recently, the phase compensation technique has allowed the ultrasound to propagate through the skull and focus into the brain. However, the temperature evolution during treatment is hard to control to achieve effective treatment and avoid over-high temperature. Proposed in this paper is a method to modulate the temperature distribution in the focal region. It superimposes two signals which focus on two preset different targets with a certain distance. Then the temperature distribution is modulated by changing triggering time delay and amplitudes of the two signals. The simulation model is established based on an 82-element transducer and computed tomography （CT） data of a volunteer＇s head. A finite- difference time-domain （FDTD） method is used to calculate the temperature distributions. The results show that when the distances between the two targets respectively are 7.5-12.5 mm on the acoustic axis and 2.0-3.0 mm in the direction perpendicular to the acoustic axis, a focal region with a uniform temperature distribution （64-65 ℃） can be created. Moreover, the volume of the focal region formed by one irradiation can be adjusted （26.8-266.7 mm3） along with the uniform temperature distribution. This method may ensure the safety and efficacy of HIFU brain tumor therapy.

A Compact System of Capacitively Coupled Contactless Conductivity Detection Based on the Square Wave Excitation Signal for Capillary Electrophoresis

This paper reported a compact system of capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection （C4D） based on the square wave excitation voltage for capillary electrophoresis, and it exhibited excellent sensitivity at the optimal frequency of 198 kHz. The feasibility and sensitivity of this detector was demonstrated by simultaneous detection of thirteen ions including alkali, alkaline earth and heavy metal ions. And the detection limits （S/N 3） were in the range of 0.2-1μmol/L for Mn^2＋, K^＋, Na^＋, Mg^2＋, Ca^2＋, Li^＋, Ba^2＋, and 7-25 μmol/L for Ni^2＋, Cu^2＋, Cd^2＋, Pb^2＋, Co^2＋, Zn^2＋.

Signal Detection of Large Volume Airgun Source Excitation in the Fixed Field of the Yangtze River

As this is the first time a large volume airgun has been excited in the "Yangtse River Geoscience Project",it is necessary to study the time-frequency characteristic based on the linear stacked seismic data from records from portable stations near the fixed fields and seismic stations. Airgun signal propagation distances were detected using stacked seismic data to analyze the environmental impact on signal propagation distance. The results showed that:( 1) the airgun signal produced by bubble pulses,pressure pulses and the surface wave can be received by a portable station near the fixed field;( 2) the dominant frequency of a bubble at 5Hz or so can be received by both near-field stations and far-field stations,pressure pulses rapidly weaken and the dominant frequency bands get narrower as epicentral distance increases;( 3) the longest spread distance of signal is 260 km,the nearest is 180 km,and the signal can travel further in the evening.

Target detection for low angle radar based on multi-frequency order-statistics

For radar targets flying at low altitude, multiple pathways produce fade or enhancement relative to the level that would be expected in a free-space environment. In this paper, a new detec- tion method based on a wide-ranging multi-frequency radar for low angle targets is proposed. Sequential transmitting multiple pulses with different frequencies are first applied to decorrelate the cohe- rence of the direct and reflected echoes. After receiving all echoes, the multi-frequency samples are arranged in a sort descending ac- cording to the amplitude. Some high amplitude echoes in the same range cell are accumulated to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and the optimal number of high amplitude echoes is analyzed and given by experiments. Finally, simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the method.

CHAOS IN THE SOFTENING DUFFING SYSTEM UNDER MULTI-FREQUENCY PERIODIC FORCES

The chaotic dynamics of the softening-spring Duffing system with multi-frequency external periodic forces is studied. It is found that the mechanism for chaos is the transverse heteroclinic tori. The Poincaré map, the stable and the unstable manifolds of the system under two incommensurate periodic forces were set up on a two-dimensional torus. Utilizing a global perturbation technique of Melnikov the criterion for the transverse interaction of the stable and the unstable manifolds was given. The system under more but finite incommensurate periodic forces was also studied. The (Melnikov's) global perturbation technique was therefore generalized to higher dimensional systems. The region in parameter space where chaotic dynamics may occur was given. It was also demonstrated that increasing the number of forcing frequencies will increase the area in parameter space where chaotic behavior can occur.

Operational Modal Analysis of a Ship Model in the Presence of Harmonic Excitation

A ship is operated under an extremely complex environment, and waves and winds are assumed to be the stochastic excitations. Moreover, the propeller, host and mechanical equipment can also induce the harmonic responses. In order to reduce structural vibration, it is important to obtain the modal parameters information of a ship. However, the traditional modal parameter identification methods are not suitable since the excitation information is difficult to obtain. Natural excitation technique-eigensystem realization algorithm （NExT-ERA） is an operational modal identification method which abstracts modal parameters only from the response signals, and it is based on the assumption that the input to the structure is pure white noise. Hence, it is necessary to study the influence of harmonic excitations while applying the NExT-ERA method to a ship structure. The results of this research paper indicate the practical experiences under ambient excitation, ship model experiments were successfully done in the modal parameters identification only when the harmonic frequencies were not too close to the modal frequencies.

Impact of field strength and RF excitation on abdominal diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging

AIM:To retrospectively and prospectively compare diffusion-weighted(DW)images in the abdomen in a1.5T system and 3.0T systems with and without twochannel functionality for B1shimming.METHODS:DW images of the abdomen were obtained on 1.5T and 3.0T(with and without two-channel functionality for B1shimming)scanners on 150 patients(retrospective study population)and 10 volunteers(prospective study population).Eight regions were selected for clinical significance or artifact susceptibility(at higher field strengths).Objective grading quantified signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),and subjective evaluation qualified image quality,ghosting artifacts,anddiagnostic value.Statistical significance was calculated usingχ2tests(categorical variables)and independent two-sided t tests or Mann-Whitney U tests(continuous variables).RESULTS:The 3.0T using dual-source parallel transmit(dpTX 3.0T)provided the significantly highest SNRs in nearly all regions.In regions susceptible to artifacts at higher field strengths(left lobe of liver,head of pancreas),the SNR was better or similar to the 1.5T system.Subjectively,both dpTX 3.0T and 1.5T systems provided higher image quality,diagnostic value,and less ghosting artifact(P【0.01,most values)compared to the 3.0T system without dual-source parallel transmit(non-dpTX 3.0T).CONCLUSION:The dpTX 3.0T scanner provided the highest SNR.Its image quality,lack of ghosting,and diagnostic value were equal to or outperformed most currently used systems.

The role of intracellular sodium (Na+) in the regulation of calcium (Ca2+)-mediated signaling and toxicity

It is known that activated N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are a major route of ex-cessive calcium ion (Ca2+) entry in central neu-rons, which may activate degradative processes and thereby cause cell death. Therefore, NMD- ARs are now recognized to play a key role in the development of many diseases associated with injuries to the central nervous system (CNS). However, it remains a mystery how NMDAR ac-tivity is recruited in the cellular processes leading to excitotoxicity and how NMDAR activ-ity can be controlled at a physiological level. The sodium ion (Na+) is the major cation in ex-tracellular space. With its entry into the cell, Na+ can act as a critical intracellular second mes-senger that regulates many cellular functions. Recent data have shown that intracellular Na+ can be an important signaling factor underlying the up-regulation of NMDARs. While Ca2+ influx during the activation of NMDARs down-regu-lates NMDAR activity, Na+ influx provides an essential positive feedback mechanism to over- come Ca2+-induced inhibition and thereby po-tentiate both NMDAR activity and inward Ca2+ flow. Extensive investigations have been con-ducted to clarify mechanisms underlying Ca2+- mediated signaling. This review focuses on the roles of Na+ in the regulation of Ca2+-mediated NMDAR signaling and toxicity.

Synchronous impact phenomenon of a high-dimension complex nonlinear dual-rotor system subjected to multi-frequency excitations

The“synchronous impact”is a phenomenon that increases the dynamic load of the inter-shaft bearing,when the frequency of the aerodynamic excitation is close to the contact frequency of the inter-shaft bearing.This work addresses the“synchronous impact”phenomenon of an aero-engine.The 104 degree-of-freedom dynamical model of an aero-engine is established by the finite element method,in which the complex nonlinearity of the Hertzian contact force of the inter-shaft bearing with clearance is included,and the multi-frequency excitations such as the unbalanced excitations of the high-and low-pressure rotors and the aerodynamic excitation are considered.A harmonic balance method combined with the alternating frequency time-domain method(HB-AFT)is introduced to obtain periodic responses of the high-dimension complex nonlinear dual-rotor system.The results show that there emerges a peak value of the amplitude-frequency response for the contact frequency harmonic component of the outer ring of the inter-shaft bearing,when the aerodynamic excitation frequency is close to the contact frequency.In addition,the dynamic load of the inter-shaft bearing increases significantly.Moreover,the parametric analysis shows that the“synchronous impact”phenomenon is sensitive to the change of the speed ratio of the high-and low-pressure rotors.The dynamic load of inter-shaft bearing can be significantly reduced by changing the speed ratio by 1%.The results obtained in this paper not only provide more insight into the mechanism of the“synchronous impact”phenomenon but also demonstrate the HBAFT method as a potential semi-analytical tool to explore the high-dimension complex nonlinear system.

电压自校准的高精度多通道应变信号采集模块

针对现有应变采集设备存在采集精度低、测量范围窄、通道数较少、校准繁琐等问题,设计了一种具备电压自校准的高精度多通道应变信号采集模块,模块以高精度模拟调理转换电路为核心,结合电子线路噪声理论仿真与分析,由自校准电路对采集通道进行校准,通过补偿远端传输线的激励电压,实现了48通道大应变信号与差分电压信号的高精度测量。测试结果表明:应变信号测量范围可达±100000με,测量精度优于0.05%FS;电压信号测量范围可达±15 V,测量精度优于±(0.025%RD+500μV),准确度高,具备较好的稳定性和通用性。

外部随机激励干扰下掘进机振动信号多传感采集方法

掘进机运行过程中,在外部随机激励源的作用下,造成多传感器模式下的传感敏感性波动,结合振动信号不稳定,会导致采集的振动信号大幅度失真。为保证掘进机的稳定运行,提出多传感器模式下的随机激励振动信号采集方法。将掘进机看作多自由度系统,建立设备动力学模型;结合掘进机动力学特征,利用虚拟激励法构建符合外部源的随机激励函数;在建立的随机激励下,选择传感器类型和参数并安装多个传感器,设定采样频率;根据正弦稳态校准方法需求,设计校准传感器采集系统,提高传感器敏感性;在随机激励函数约束下预测传感器输出延时,计算每次测量的同步误差和误差补偿值,通过补偿确保多传感器实现振动信号的同步动态采集。实验结果表明:在多传感模式下,这种方法降低了外部的随机迟滞干扰,在随机激励作用下采集到的掘进机多传感振动信号波形与实际波形相符。

基于磁巴克豪森效应的P92钢热老化检测仪器设计

针对火电厂锅炉和主蒸汽管道用钢——P92钢在服役时的热老化程度检测,以HDSP-SUPER 28335开发板为核心研制了一套基于MBN效应的检测仪器,该仪器具有激励信号的产生,MBN信号的采集、处理、显示及存储功能,且灵敏度高、功能全面,可以用于试验研究;针对不同钢种对激励信号敏感程度不同的问题,开展了对于标准P92钢MBN信号检测适用激励信号的试验研究,根据激励信号幅值与MBN信号均方根值的变化关系确定了激励信号的幅值,根据不同激励信号频率产生的MBN信号的波形效果选择了激励信号的频率。

基于响应复合能量因子的波浪激励下高桩码头桩基损伤识别

波浪是高桩码头桩基长期、重要外部激励,探索波浪激励下桩基损伤识别对构建码头健康监测体系具有重要意义。由于波浪激励下桩基动力响应呈现多类型信号混叠、窄带、非平稳的特性,使得现有损伤识别方法难以实现准确判定。为解决上述问题,首先构建基于自适应噪声的完备集成经验模态分解与K-means++的信号自动重构方法,以提取损伤特征子信号;然后,通过融合能量、相位等信息,构建新型复合能量损伤识别指标,以提高微小波浪激励下损伤识别的敏感性和鲁棒性。进一步,在高桩码头桩基多种损伤工况下开展波浪激励试验,验证新方法在损伤识别方面的有效性。结果表明,新构建的复合能量因子兼顾能量、相位的优点,能准确识别出损伤存在、损伤位置和损伤程度。

基于波浪激励响应自适应变分模态分解的高桩码头桩基损伤识别

波浪激励下高桩码头桩基动力响应存在多类型信号混杂现象,因此信号重构对于码头桩基的损伤检测至关重要。变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,VMD)方法能够有效避免信号重构中的模态混叠问题,但由于波浪激励下的动力响应频谱复杂,分解所需的模态数和罚因子会严重影响分解结果。为解决该问题,提出了一种自适应变分模态分解方法(improved adaptive variational mode decomposition,IAVMD),该方法通过罚权系数自适应调整各频率分量的罚因子,并通过分解结果的信号完整度来确定最佳模态数。进一步通过波浪激励下的高桩码头模型试验对IAVMD的有效性、适用性进行了验证。结果表明,该方法能够准确分离出动力响应损伤特征子信号,并根据能量因子确定损伤位置和大小。

一种用于动液面测量仪自检的井下声信号模拟器

在声波法井下动液面测量仪的研发和测试过程中,仪器的声波实验一般需要到采油现场完成,过程中耗费大量的人力物力,导致测量仪研发周期长,自检效率低等问题。因此,设计了一种可编辑的声信号模拟器,替代抽油井筒中的声源和声信号通道,从而达到测量仪非现场测试或自检的目的。通过COMSOL建模仿真分析了声波在井下环空传播的时域特征,以此为依据编辑模拟器对测量仪的激励波形。模拟器采用直接数字频率合成技术,将编辑的声音信号通过扬声器输出,激励测量仪中的微音器,达到其自检目的。对比测量仪室内测试得到的波形与模拟器设计的波形可得,两者的时域参数基本一致,上述结果验证了该模拟器能够满足测量仪非现场自检需求。

超声显微测量系统的信号激励接收方法研究

超声显微测量技术是一种广泛应用于工业、航空航天、医疗等领域的无损检测方法。为了减小对100 MHz以上高频超声激励接收仪的进口依赖,研究高频信号激励接收方法。本文超声激励电路利用三级管雪崩击穿特性,以及MARX拓扑电路的电压倍增原理,通过减小激励脉冲脉宽时间,提升带宽覆盖范围。研究了高频超声信号接收电路,并集成超声激励接收仪。研究实现了设备的国产化替代,填补国内超声领域100~500 MHz高频脉冲收发仪的空白。实验结果表明,设计产生的高频激励信号峰峰值不小于128 V、上升沿时间小于0.47 ns、脉宽小于3.5 ns,系统工作带宽覆盖500 MHz,满足高频超声测量系统的需求。

面向新型声波激励超低频天线的2FSK通信系统解调算法

针对声波激励超低频天线发射功率较小,低接收信噪比下传统二进制频移键控(2FSK)非相干解调中窄带滤波器设计难等问题,提出了一种基于Duffing混沌振子的2FSK弱信号解调方法。由于Duffing振子本身对相位敏感,首先设计了“粗同步+细同步”的相位同步方法,其中粗同步通过短时傅里叶变换完成,细同步则通过Duffing混沌振子实现;然后,利用混沌振子对同频周期信号敏感、对噪声信号免疫的特性,将信号并行通过2个Duffing振子,二者的内置信号频率与2个载频一致。在某一时刻必定有一个系统处于大尺度周期态,另一个处于混沌态,二者比较判决来实现信号解调。仿真结果表明,文中提出的基于Duffing混沌振子的解调算法比非相干解调和相干解调算法,分别有约5 dB和4 dB的性能提升。

Iterative identification and control design with optimal excitation signals based on v-gap

An iterative identification and control design method based on v-gap is given to ensure the stability of closed-loop system and control performance improvement. The whole iterative procedure includes three parts： the optimal excitation signals design, the uncertainty model set identification and the stable controller design. Firstly the worst case v-gap is used as the criterion of the optimal excitation signals design, and the design is performed via the power spectrum optimization. And then, an uncertainty model set is attained by system identification on the basis of the measure signals. The controller is designed to ensure the stability of closed-loop system and the closed-loop performance improvement. Simulation result shows that the proposed method has good convergence and closed-loop control performance.