A study of pulsed high voltage driven hollow-cathode electron beam sources through synchronous optical trigger

In this study,a pulsed,high voltage driven hollow-cathode electron beam sources through an optical trigger is designed with characteristics of simple structure,low cost,and easy triggering.To validate the new design,the characteristics of hollow-cathode discharge and electron beam characterization under pulsed high voltage drive are studied experimentally and discussed by discharge characteristics and analyses of waveform details,respectively.The validation experiments indicate that the pulsed high voltage supply significantly improves the frequency and stability of the discharge,which provides a new solution for the realization of a high-frequency,high-energy electron beam source.The peak current amplitude in the high-energy electron beam increases from 6.2 A to 79.6 A,which indicates the pulsed power mode significantly improves the electron beam performance.Besides,increasing the capacitance significantly affects the highcurrent,lower-energy electron beam more than the high-energy electron beam.

Design and Analysis of a Small Sewage Source Heat Pump Triple Supply System

Based on the characteristics of sewage from beauty salons,a simulation model of a small sewage source heat pump triple supply system that can be applied to such places is established to optimize the operating conditions of the system.The results show that with the increase of sewage temperature and flow,the performance of the system also increases.In summer conditions,the system provides cooling,recovers waste heat and condensed heat from sewage,with a COP value of 8.97;in winter conditions,the system heats and produces hot water,with a COP value of 2.44;in transitional seasons,only hot water is produced.The COP value is 2.75.Compared with the traditional systems which refers to the air source heat pump and hot water boiler system currently used in beauty salons,this system can save energy by 50.9%.

A Study of Power Sources Optimization in Guangdong

The main problem existing in Guangdong electric power sources is analyzed in this paper. Based on theanalysis on energy-supply features, power demand and the technical and economic performances of various powersources in Guangdong, the power sources construction scale and its structure are studied and analyzed in detail byusing Generation Expansion Software Package (GESP). The future development of Guangdong electric power sourcesunder the new situation of "Power from West to East" is studied as well.[

River-gulf system--the major location of marine source rock formation

Petroleum was generated from sedimentary rocks. The world＇s oldest oil source rock so far was found in Proterozoic rocks. Since then, 73% to 81% of the earth＇s surface has been covered with sedimentary rocks. However, only quite a limited area is rich in oil and gas. It is found that source rocks have controlled oil and gas distribution, and they are mainly formed in two systems： （1） river-lake systems and （2） river-gulf systems. Phytoplankton is an important source of kerogen, the blooming of which is strongly dependent on nutrients. Rivers are the major nutrient provider for basins. Rivers around lakes and an undercompensation （where the sedimentation rate is less than the rate of basin subsidence） environment provide favorable conditions for phytoplankton blooming in lakes. Gulfs are usually located at the estuary of big rivers, characterized by restricted current circulation and exchange with the open sea, which benefit maintaining the nutrient density, phytoplankton levels and organic matter preservation. The river-gulf system is the most favorable place for marine source rock development. Most of the world famous marine petroleum-rich provinces are developed from river-gulf systems in geological history, such as the Persian Gulf Basin, Siberian Basin, Caspian Basin, North Sea, Sirte Basin, Nigerian Basin, Kwanza Basin, Gulf of Mexico, Maracaibo Basin and the Eastern Venezuelan Basin.

Characteristics of groundwater and urban emergency water sources optimazation in Luoyang,China

The construction of emergency water sources is the material basis for ensuring urban water safety,and it is also an inherent requirement for maintaining social stability and development.The hydrogeological characteristics of groundwater in Luoyang City from the aspects of the division of groundwater aquifer groups,water yield property and groundwater dynamics were described in this paper.Two emergency water sources were selected on basis of comprehensively considering groundwater resources and ecological environmental effects,groundwater quality and exploitation technology,etc.Then it further analysed the aquifer types,water yield properties and groundwater recharge,runoff and discharge conditions of the two emergency water sources,and evaluate the groundwater resources quantity of the water sources.The results are that the shallow underground aquifer in Luoyang City is thick,coarse,and stable in lithology and thickness.The two water sources enjoy good exploitation potential and can be used as backup water sources to supply water in the event of a water source crisis.

基于Supply-Hub的两源供货横向协同策略研究

在装配制造供应链中,为了避免供应中断的风险,制造商往往向多个供应商采购相同的零部件,即采用多源供货方式。近年来,随着越来越多的装配制造企业采用准时制(Just in time,JIT)方式进行生产运作,Supply-Hub模式作为一种有效支持JIT运作的供应物流运作模式,在装配制造供应链中也逐渐得到了广泛应用。Supply-Hub不仅是供应链中零部件物流的枢纽节点,更重要的是,它还起到信息集中平台的作用,掌握各方供应商的库存和补货信息,这使供应相同零件的供应商之间实现横向协同运作成为可能。目前,虽然已有较多关于多源供货问题的研究文献,但仍还没有文献涉及供应同种零件的供应商之间横向协同的问题。基于Supply-Hub模式,通过数学建模分析,研究一种两个供应相同零件的供应商利用Supply-Hub,在横向共享库存信息条件下的协同补货策略,并通过算例对该协同补货策略的有效性进行验证分析。研究结果表明,运用横向协同补货策略,在不降低系统服务水平的情况下,可以明显降低供应链系统的总成本。

大盂产业新城供水系统研究及净水处理工艺设计

大盂产业新城作为规划拓展的北部新区,处于城市公共供水盲区。为实现安全可靠的供水体系保障,着重对供水系统的整体布局、水源选取进行了分析,从水量预测、方案优选、厂站选址、处理工艺等方面进行了论述,提出了多水源、大高差、统一管网下分区、分压运行模式的设计思路,达到了多水源并网、压力平衡的效果,解决了新城城市公共供水体系建设的难题。

Food synthetic biology-driven protein supply transition: From animal-derived production to microbial fermentation

Animal-derived protein production is one of the major traditional protein supply methods,which continues to face increasing challenges to satisfy global needs due to population growth,augmented individual protein consumption,and aggravated environmental pollution.Thus,ensuring a sustainable protein source is a considerable challenge.The emergence and development of food synthetic biology has enabled the establishment of cell factories that effectively synthesize proteins,which is an important way to solve the protein supply problem.This review aims to discuss the existing problems of traditional protein supply and to elucidate the feasibility of synthetic biology in the process of protein synthesis.Moreover,using artificial bioengineered milk and artificial bioengineered eggs as examples,the progress of food protein supply transition based on synthetic biology has been systematically summarized.Additionally,the future of food synthetic biology as a potential source of protein has been also discussed.By strengthening and innovating the application of food synthetic biology technologies,including genetic engineering and high-throughput screening methods,the current limitations of artificial foods for protein synthesis and production should be addressed.Therefore,the development and industrial production of new food resources should be explored to ensure safe,high-quality,and sustainable global protein supply.

Analysis on the Management of Suppliers＇ Purchasing Partnership

This paper is about the study of purchasing cooperation with the supplier. It is through expanding some courses including demand analysis, choosing supplier, founding cooperation relationship formally and strengthening the cooperation, as well as several key questions, such as sourcing strategy, to estimate and select the supplier, authentication management, and purchase of technology.

Energy efficiency in a water supply system:Energy consumption and CO_2 emission

This paper presents important fundamentals associated with water and energy efficiency and highlights the importance of using renewable energy sources. A model of multi-criteria optimization for energy efficiency based on water and environmental management policies, including the preservation of water resources and the control of water pressure and energy consumption through a hybrid energy solution, was developed and applied to a water supply system. The methodology developed includes three solutions： （1） the use of a water turbine in pipe systems where pressures are higher than necessary and pressure-reducing valves are installed, （2） the optimization of pumping operation according to the electricity tariff and water demand, and （3） the use of other renewable energy sources, including a wind turbine, to supply energy to the pumping station, with the remaining energy being sold to the national electric grid. The use of an integrated solution （water and energy-） proves to be a valuable input for creating benefits from available hydro energy in the water supply system in order to produce clean power, and the use of a wind source allows for the reduction of energy consumption in pumping stations, as well as of the CO2 emission to the atmosphere.

TOCO total assessment tool for decision-making on IP supplier selection

According to the Total Cost of Ownership concept (TOCO), the selection criterion of international procurement suppliers can be classified into two levels, namely Macroeconomic decision-making level and Microeconomic decision-making level. In this paper, a new quantitative method is put forward to accomplish the task of total assessment on the Microeconomic level which analyses all of the quantitative and qualitative factors with regard to the supplier selection. A Microsoft Excel based new application kit named TOCO Total Assessment Tool is introduced. It can calculate the direct cost and the indirect cost conveniently and can help to evaluate the performance of candidate suppliers. To use the tool, the first module called Total Cost Analysis Module is introduced to calculate the total cost of supplier selection, and then the second module named Supplier Evaluation Module is used to evaluate the performance of each supplier. Finally, the results from these two modules are transferred to the Final Comparison Module to get the final decision-making results. In this paper, the supplier selection related factors are discussed; the method of using the tool is illustrated in detail. It is shown that scientific usage of the TOCO Total Assessment Tool can make the decision-making processes of supplier selection in international procurement transparent, easily calculated, and objective. At the end, a practical case is given to clarify the procedure of using the tool.

西门子Force双源CT故障维修案例分析与探讨

西门子Force双源CT属于高端CT,设备整体配置高、性能佳、应用范围广、稳定性好,在医院运行中发挥了巨大作用。由于设备使用量大,故障时有发生,且设备集成程度较高、整体维修难度大。本文详细分析了使用过程中发生的水冷系统、患者检查床、探测器电源3例故障的故障排除过程,并通过更换三通阀、维护升降电机轴承、焊接X10接头解决故障,节省了维修费用,并为同行维修此类故障提供参考。

渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷2号构造带油气地球化学特征与来源

渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷2号构造带具有多洼、多层系供烃的特征。为了揭示其复杂的油气来源,开展色谱-质谱等地化测试,分析原油地化特征,将原油分为3类,并确定每类原油的来源。结果表明:(1)Ⅰ类原油主要分布于西构造带沙三段储层中,原油中C27与C29规则甾烷相对含量接近,孕甾烷参数((孕甾烷+升孕甾烷)/规则甾烷)和甾烷异构化参数(C29甾烷20S/(20R+20S)、C29甾烷ββ/(αα+ββ))较高,具有水生生物和高等植物共同输入特征,原油成熟度高,来源于沙三段烃源岩;(2)Ⅱ类原油主要分布于西构造带东二段储层中,原油中C29规则甾烷含量具明显优势,孕甾烷参数和甾烷异构化参数均低,原油母质中高等植物具有明显优势,原油成熟度整体偏低,来源于沙一段—东三段烃源岩;(3)Ⅲ类原油主要分布于东构造带东三段和西构造带东一段和明化镇组储层中,原油中C29规则甾烷具有一定优势,孕甾烷参数较低,甾烷异构化参数较高,以高等植物输入为主,原油成熟度较高,为3套烃源岩的混合来源;(4)原油4-/1-MDBT和Ts/Tm指数具有沿断层向浅部层系减小的趋势,且原油甲基菲换算的镜质体反射率与下覆烃源岩镜质体反射率一致,表明研究区原油具有原地供烃的特点。本研究成果为研究区的浅层精细勘探及深层勘探提供理论指导。

开源软件库生态治理技术研究综述:二十年进展

在“人-机-物”三元融合、泛在计算的时代蓝海下,“开放多变”“需求多样”和“场景复杂”的软件部署和运行环境对开源软件库生态的治理技术提出了更多需求和更高期望.为进一步推动构建可信软件供应链生态,围绕泛在计算模式、打造自主可控的技术体系,聚焦于开源软件库管理生态,收集近20多年来(2001–2023)发表于软件工程领域较高影响力的学术期刊和会议的348篇论文,对开源软件库生态治理技术的研究工作进行梳理.讨论开源软件库生态的建模与分析、演化与维护、质量保证和管理等方面的工作,总结研究现状、问题、挑战与趋势.

考虑韧性的两阶段应急物资供应链决策优化

为保障应急物资供应能力、降低供应链中断风险,使应急物资供应链在遭受自然灾害冲击时快速恢复到正常状态,将韧性概念引入应急物资供应链的决策中,在政企联合的基础上,采用多源采购和产能储备的组合韧性策略提升应急物资供应链的韧性。以供应链的总需求满足率最大化和总成本最小化为目标,构建一个均衡供应链韧性与成本的两阶段双目标混合整数优化模型,解决灾前政府的实物储备及灾后不同情境下应急物资的生产与分配问题;以洪涝灾害为背景,通过算例分析、对比分析和灵敏度分析验证了模型的有效性及可行性。结果表明:均衡韧性与成本的应急物资供应链模型的总需求满足率可达95.75%,比传统供应链模型提升15.30百分点,且总成本仅增加0.52%,比同等条件下仅以成本为导向的供应链的总需求满足率提升15.65百分点,且总成本仅增加3.70%;多源采购策略和产能储备策略二者同时采用比分别单独采用,能更大程度地保证应急物资供应链在平稳运行的基础上,既高效应对自然灾害又花费较低的成本。

人工湿地技术对水源地雨水径流污染阻控的应用研究

设置了不同基质(砾石、加气混凝土)及是否种植美人蕉的不同人工湿地结构,通过小试实验对比各个工况对雨水径流污染的阻控效果.研究发现,加气混凝土与种植美人蕉的人工湿地组合成本略高(4.20元/工况),较其余工况高出1.00~2.90元/工况,但在运行的两个周期(交替运行30 h,落干48 h)内,NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(3)^(-)-N、TN、PO_(4)^(3-)、TP和COD_(Cr)的平均去除率分别为73.3%、47.0%、85.4%、56.4%、76.0%和65.5%,平均高出其余工况10.9%~18.8%,效果最优,性价比最高,适于推广应用.

多水厂供水管网水量溯源分析

为了提高城市供水安全性和服务可靠性,常采用多水厂向管网供水。多水厂供水区域可分为完全由单一水厂供水区和多水厂联合供水区。这些供水区的划分,以及管网中各节点(管段)由各水厂供水百分比,可利用给水管网水质模型中的水量溯源功能分析。在叙述水量溯源原理与分析过程后,以单工况示例和延时模拟示例进行了说明。水量溯源对了解各水厂向管网供水状况具有重要意义。

供应中断风险下竞争零售商的采购与定价决策

针对由两个竞争供应商和两个竞争零售商组成的二级供应链,研究供应中断风险下企业的最优决策问题。考虑供应商的供应中断之间存在相关性以及零售商的响应定价,建立供应商定价、零售商决定采购量、零售商定价的三阶段博弈模型,得到供应商和零售商各自的最优策略。研究发现:①虽然供应商之间相关性的增加削弱了双源采购的风险分散好处,但加剧了供应商之间的价格竞争,使得零售商的利润增加,因此零售商会选择相关性更高的两个供应商。②零售商之间的竞争越激烈,供应的可靠性越重要,于是零售商向可靠性更高的供应商采购更多的数量。③供应商提高其可靠性不仅有利于供应商自身,而且对零售商也有益。

东濮凹陷北部古近系沙三段超压岩性油气藏成藏机理

东濮凹陷深部储层致密,超压广泛发育,油气生运聚过程复杂。利用测井、录井、钻井及地球化学分析等资料,对东濮凹陷北部古近系沙三段超压的形成机制、超压对源岩与储层的影响以及油气运移动力进行了系统研究,并阐明深层超压岩性油气藏的成藏机理。研究结果表明:(1)东濮凹陷北部古近系沙三段超压岩性油气藏类型主要包括砂岩上倾尖灭油气藏、砂岩透镜体油气藏、裂缝油气藏3种纯岩性油气藏和岩性-构造油气藏、构造-岩性油气藏2种复合油气藏。岩性油气藏主要分布于东濮凹陷北部地区,尤其在前梨园洼陷、海通集洼陷、柳屯洼陷及濮城—卫城洼陷周边,具有“环洼有序分布”的特征。(2)研究区厚层膏盐岩发育及生烃过程产生的深层超压对烃源岩的生烃具有抑制作用,有效扩大了生油窗,增强了深部源岩的生烃能力,促进了其对环洼岩性油气藏的大规模近源供烃;膏盐岩发育、早期快速埋藏、超压的抗压实作用和晚期发育的溶蚀作用控制了优质储层的分布;深部广泛发育的超压和浮力协同作用为深层油气运移提供了有效动力。(3)研究区东部洼陷带为“单洼单源、早混相晚气相、自生自储、超压驱动运聚”成藏模式;东部陡坡带为“单洼多源、早混相晚气相、超压-浮力驱动侧向运聚”成藏模式;西部斜坡带为“单洼多源、油相、超压-浮力驱动侧向运聚”成藏模式;西部洼陷带为“单洼单源、油相、超压-浮力驱动侧向运聚”成藏模式。

基于多源数据的重庆中心城区绿地生态系统文化服务供需关系研究

快速城市化及城市扩张过程中,城市绿地生态系统文化服务(CES)供给与公众需求空间失衡问题日益凸显。如何有效识别城市绿地文化服务供需空间匹配特征是优化绿地空间布局、提升绿地服务效率的关键所在。本研究以重庆市中心城区为研究范围,基于地理空间数据等多源数据,运用GIS分析技术、空间相关性分析等方法,构建了城市绿地文化服务供需评价指标体系和分析框架,识别了山地城市绿地文化服务供给与居民需求的空间匹配类型。研究发现CES供给具明显的空间聚集性,全局莫兰指数为0.720,呈现为“大核—次核—小核”的分布形态,CES需求全局莫兰指数为0.834,呈现中心高外围低、西高东低的空间格局,双变量自相关分析显示供给与需求之间存在空间结构相似性,CES供需关系整体上较好,但一些关键区域匹配失衡压力较大。根据供需平衡关系特征,将研究区识别为六类空间类型,并对每种类型提出了CES优化提升路径。研究结果可为山地城市绿地生态系统文化服务优化路径提供理论支撑与实践借鉴。