Decentralized Optimal Control and Stabilization of Interconnected Systems With Asymmetric Information

The paper addresses the decentralized optimal control and stabilization problems for interconnected systems subject to asymmetric information.Compared with previous work,a closed-loop optimal solution to the control problem and sufficient and necessary conditions for the stabilization problem of the interconnected systems are given for the first time.The main challenge lies in three aspects:Firstly,the asymmetric information results in coupling between control and estimation and failure of the separation principle.Secondly,two extra unknown variables are generated by asymmetric information(different information filtration)when solving forward-backward stochastic difference equations.Thirdly,the existence of additive noise makes the study of mean-square boundedness an obstacle.The adopted technique is proving and assuming the linear form of controllers and establishing the equivalence between the two systems with and without additive noise.A dual-motor parallel drive system is presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed algorithm.

Silicon-based optoelectronic heterogeneous integration for optical interconnection

The performance of optical interconnection has improved dramatically in recent years.Silicon-based optoelectronic heterogeneous integration is the key enabler to achieve high performance optical interconnection,which not only provides the optical gain which is absent from native Si substrates and enables complete photonic functionalities on chip,but also improves the system performance through advanced heterogeneous integrated packaging.This paper reviews recent progress of silicon-based optoelectronic heterogeneous integration in high performance optical interconnection.The research status,development trend and application of ultra-low loss optical waveguides,high-speed detectors,high-speed modulators,lasers and 2D,2.5D,3D and monolithic integration are focused on.

Research on Scheduling Strategy of Flexible Interconnection Distribution Network Considering Distributed Photovoltaic and Hydrogen Energy Storage

Distributed photovoltaic(PV)is one of the important power sources for building a new power system with new energy as the main body.The rapid development of distributed PV has brought new challenges to the operation of distribution networks.In order to improve the absorption ability of large-scale distributed PV access to the distribution network,the AC/DC hybrid distribution network is constructed based on flexible interconnection technology,and a coordinated scheduling strategy model of hydrogen energy storage(HS)and distributed PV is established.Firstly,the mathematical model of distributed PV and HS system is established,and a comprehensive energy storage system combining seasonal hydrogen energy storage(SHS)and battery(BT)is proposed.Then,a flexible interconnected distribution network scheduling optimization model is established to minimize the total active power loss,voltage deviation and system operating cost.Finally,simulation analysis is carried out on the improved IEEE33 node,the NSGA-II algorithm is used to solve specific examples,and the optimal scheduling results of the comprehensive economy and power quality of the distribution network are obtained.Compared with the method that does not consider HS and flexible interconnection technology,the network loss and voltage deviation of this method are lower,and the total system cost can be reduced by 3.55%,which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Coordinated planning for flexible interconnection and energy storage system in low-voltage distribution networks to improve the accommodation capacity of photovoltaic

The increasing proportion of distributed photovoltaics(DPVs)and electric vehicle charging stations in low-voltage distribution networks(LVDNs)has resulted in challenges such as distribution transformer overloads and voltage violations.To address these problems,we propose a coordinated planning method for flexible interconnections and energy storage systems(ESSs)to improve the accommodation capacity of DPVs.First,the power-transfer characteristics of flexible interconnection and ESSs are analyzed.The equipment costs of the voltage source converters(VSCs)and ESSs are also analyzed comprehensively,considering the differences in installation and maintenance costs for different installation locations.Second,a bilevel programming model is established to minimize the annual comprehensive cost and yearly total PV curtailment capacity.Within this framework,the upper-level model optimizes the installation locations and capacities of the VSCs and ESSs,whereas the lower-level model optimizes the operating power of the VSCs and ESSs.The proposed model is solved using a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm with an elite strategy(NSGA-II).The effectiveness of the proposed planning method is validated through an actual LVDN scenario,which demonstrates its advantages in enhancing PV accommodation capacity.In addition,the economic benefits of various planning schemes with different flexible interconnection topologies and different PV grid-connected forms are quantitatively analyzed,demonstrating the adaptability of the proposed coordinated planning method.

Review of trans-Mediterranean power grid interconnection:a regional roadmap towards energy sector decarbonization

Climate change is becoming an important issue in all fields of infrastructure development.Electricity plays a core role in the decarbonized energy system’s path to a regional zero-emission pattern.A well-built trans-Mediterranean backbone grid can hedge the profound evolution of regional power generation,transmission,and consumption.To date,only Turkey and the Maghreb countries(i.e.,Morocco,Algeria,and Tunisia)are connected with the Continental European Synchronous Area.Other south-and east-shore countries have insufficient interconnection infrastructures and synchronization difficulties that have proven to be major hurdles to the implementation of large-scale solar and wind projects and achievement of climate goals.This study analyzes the current trans-boundary grid interconnections and power and carbon emission portfolios in the Mediterranean region.To align with the recently launched new climate target‘Fit for 55’program and the accelerated large-scale renewables target,a holistic review of projected trans-Mediterranean grids and their market,technical,and financial obstacles of implementation was conducted.For south-and east-shore countries,major legal and regulatory barriers encompassing non-liberalized market structure,regulation gaps of taxation and transmission tariffs,and the private sector’s access rights need to be removed.Enhancement of domestic grids,substations,and harmonized grid codes and frequency,voltage,and communication technology standards among all trans-Mediterranean countries are physical prerequisites for implementing the Trans-Mediterranean Electricity Market.In addition,the mobilization of capital instruments along with private and international investments is indispensable for the realization of supranational transmission projects.As the final section of the decarbonization roadmap,the development of electric appliances,equipment,and vehicles with higher efficiency is inevitable in the decarbonized building,transportation,and industry sectors.

Power Optimization Cooperative Control Strategy for Flexible Fast Interconnection Device with Energy Storage

With the wide application of renewable energy power generation technology,the distribution network presents the characteristics of multi-source and complex structure.There are potential risks in the stability of power system,and the problem of power quality is becoming more and more serious.This paper studies and proposes a power optimization cooperative control strategy for flexible fast interconnection device with energy storage,which combines the flexible interconnection technology with the energy storage device.The primary technology is to regulate the active and reactive power of the converter.By comparing the actual power value of the converter with the reference value,the proportional integral(PI)controller is used for correction,and the current components of d and q axes are obtained and input to the converter as the reference value of the current inner loop.The control strategy in this paper can realize power mutual aid between feeders,and at the same time,the energy storage device can provide or absorb a certain amount of power for feeders,so that the power grid can realize stable operation in a certain range.

IMC-skeletons reinforced high-temperature interconnections through low-temperature TLP bonding and micron composite solders

The traditional nano-sintering or TLP techniques are generally expensive,time-consuming,and hence unsuitable for realizing practical mass production.Herein,we have developed an improved TLP process to rapidly produce IMC-skeleton structures across the bonding region by initiating a localized liquid-solid interaction among micron particles at traditional soldering temperatures.The developed IMC skeletons can reinforce solder alloys and provide remarkable mechanical stability and electrical capabilities at high temperatures.As a result,the IMC-skeleton strengthened interconnections exhibited higher thermal/electrical conductivity,lower hardness and almost doubled strength than traditional full-IMC joints,attaining 87.4 MPa and 30.2 MPa at room condition and 350℃.Meanwhile,the necessary heating time to form metallurgical bonds was shortened,one-fifth of nano-sintering and one-tenth of TLP bonding,and the material cost was significantly reduced.This proposed technique enabled the fast,low-cost manufacturing of electronics that can serve at temperatures as high as 200−350℃.Besides,the interfacial reactions among particles and the correlated phase evolution process were studied in this research.The formation mechanism of IMC skeletons was analyzed.The correlated influencing factors and their effect on the mechanical,thermal and electrical properties of joints were revealed,which may help the design and extensive uses of such techniques in various high-temperature/power applications.

A Scalable Interconnection Scheme in Many-Core Systems

Recent architectures of multi-core systems may have a relatively large number of cores that typically ranges from tens to hundreds;therefore called many-core systems.Such systems require an efficient interconnection network that tries to address two major problems.First,the overhead of power and area cost and its effect on scalability.Second,high access latency is caused by multiple cores’simultaneous accesses of the same shared module.This paper presents an interconnection scheme called N-conjugate Shuffle Clusters(NCSC)based on multi-core multicluster architecture to reduce the overhead of the just mentioned problems.NCSC eliminated the need for router devices and their complexity and hence reduced the power and area costs.It also resigned and distributed the shared caches across the interconnection network to increase the ability for simultaneous access and hence reduce the access latency.For intra-cluster communication,Multi-port Content Addressable Memory(MPCAM)is used.The experimental results using four clusters and four cores each indicated that the average access latency for a write process is 1.14785±0.04532 ns which is nearly equal to the latency of a write operation in MPCAM.Moreover,it was demonstrated that the average read latency within a cluster is 1.26226±0.090591 ns and around 1.92738±0.139588 ns for read access between cores from different clusters.

Approach to Simplify the Development of IoT Systems that Interconnect Embedded Devices Using a Single Program

Many Internet of Things(IoT)systems are based on the intercommunication among different devices and centralized systems.Nowadays,there are several commercial and research platforms available to simplify the creation of such IoT systems.However,developing these systems can often be a tedious task.To address this challenge,a proposed solution involves the implementation of a unified program or script that encompasses the entire system,including IoT devices functionality.This approach is based on an abstraction,integrating the control of the devices in a single program through a programmable object.Subsequently,the proposal processes the unified script to generate the centralized system code and a controller for each device.By adopting this approach,developers will be able to create IoT systems with significantly reduced implementation costs,surpassing current platforms by more than 10%.The results demonstrate that the single program approach can significantly accelerate the development of IoT systems relying on device communication.

Impact of interconnections and renewable energy integration on the Philippine-Sabah Power Grid systems

This study presents a comprehensive impact analysis of the rotor angle stability of a proposed international connection between the Philippines and Sabah,Malaysia,as part of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN)Power Grid.This study focuses on modeling and evaluating the dynamic performance of the interconnected system,considering the high penetration of renewable sources.Power flow,small signal stability,and transient stability analyses were conducted to assess the ability of the proposed linked power system models to withstand small and large disturbances,utilizing the Power Systems Analysis Toolbox(PSAT)software in MATLAB.All components used in the model are documented in the PSAT library.Currently,there is a lack of publicly available studies regarding the implementation of this specific system.Additionally,the study investigates the behavior of a system with a high penetration of renewable energy sources.Based on the findings,this study concludes that a system is generally stable when interconnection is realized,given its appropriate location and dynamic component parameters.Furthermore,the critical eigenvalues of the system also exhibited improvement as the renewable energy sources were augmented.

Oxidation and Electrical Properties of Cu-Mn_(3)O_(4)Composite Coating Obtained by Electrodeposition on SOFC Interconnects

Cu-Mn_(3)O_(4)composite coating was prepared on the SUS 430 ferritic stainless steel by electrodeposition and then exposed in air at 800℃corresponding to the cathode atmosphere of solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC).A dual-layer oxide structure mainly comprising an external layer of CuO followed by(Cu,Mn,Fe)_(3)O_(4)spinel and an internal layer of Cr-rich oxide was thermally developed on the coated steel.The scale area-specific resistances(ASRs)of the coated steels were lower than the scale ASR of the uncoated steel after identical thermal exposure.The external layer of CuO/(Cu,Mn,Fe)_(3)O_(4)spinel not only served as a barrier to reduce the growth rate of Cr-rich oxide internal layer and to suppress the outward diffusion of Cr,but also lowered the surface scale ASRs considerably.

芯粒功能划分方法与互连体系综述

目前,芯片设计面临“面积墙”的挑战,这为芯片制造带来了高昂的流片成本。芯粒技术可以通过成熟的工艺制程制造较小面积的芯片,然后通过先进封装方式打破面积墙的限制,实现芯片的敏捷设计,降低设计成本。而设置多大的芯粒颗粒度可以满足芯片设计的灵活需求,是利用芯粒技术的一个核心问题。芯粒功能的划分也影响着芯粒间的互连结构,如何实现各功能芯粒间互连是最终实现芯片功能的关键。因此,本文综述国内外近年来对芯粒功能划分上的研究、在芯粒设计空间上的探索以及芯粒功能划分对芯粒间互连网络影响,并指出芯粒的设计方法学是未来芯粒技术发展的重要研究方向。

美国加州车网互动政策、标准与市场机制最新进展及其启示

电动汽车与电网互动(简称“车网互动”)可以释放电动汽车作为灵活性资源的潜力,能够有效提升电网调峰能力、促进高比例可再生能源消纳、提升电动汽车用户经济收益,日益受到各方重视。美国加利福尼亚州(简称“加州”)近些年在推动电动汽车与电网互动发展方面做了大量工作,取得了重要进展。首先,文中介绍了加州在电动汽车与电网互动配套政策法规方面的最新动向;之后,从技术标准、市场机制两方面介绍了加州在电动汽车与电网互动相关基础工作方面的最新进展;最后,结合中国电动汽车与电网互动发展实际提出了有关建议。

作为反垄断救济措施的数字平台互操作义务

作为反垄断救济措施的数字平台互操作义务,是解决当前数字平台封禁行为的重要方式,既能维持现有符合市场特征的市场结构,又能将数字平台内部的网络效应外部化,允许市场竞争者公平共享网络效应产生的效率。通过降低市场进入壁垒恢复市场的有效竞争,避免用户、数据等价值要素聚集于少数数字平台。不论是作为反垄断事前监管措施,还是作为反垄断事后救济措施,数字平台互操作义务都有较好的适用基础和空间。结合我国目前肯定性调整方法规定不足的现实情况,数字平台互操作义务可能适用的情形也比较清晰,主要是针对数字平台既有反竞争性的互操作安排。实施时应当明确以基线标准作为实施的限度,严格秉持依法、审慎、积极和协同的理念。以公平原则、比例原则为义务设计的基本原则,对互操作义务的范围、标准以及监管等各方面内容予以科学设定。

高比例分布式电源配电网中低压柔性互联协调规划

柔性互联技术是解决高比例分布式电源(distributed generation,DG)配电网面临诸多问题的有效手段之一。提出了一种基于多层优化的配电网中压与低压柔性互联协调规划方法。首先,建立基于电力电子柔性互联设备(flexible interconnected devices,FID)的中低压柔性互联配电网潮流模型。然后,构建三层协调规划模型,上层以低压FID年运行成本及台区变压器负载率的年方差最小为目标,中层以中压FID年运行成本及从上级电网年购电成本最小为目标,分别决策低压和中压FID的安装位置与容量,下层以各场景的从上级电网购电成本最小为目标优化系统运行,并采用自适应粒子群优化和二阶锥规划相结合的混合算法求解。最后,采用含高比例DG的IEEE 33节点配电网进行算例分析,通过柔性互联规划系统的年综合运行成本降低了19.01%,台区变压器负载率的年方差减少了82.59%,验证了所提规划模型的有效性。

毛泽东对中国式现代化工农相互支援联动发展实现路径的探索

以毛泽东同志为主要代表的中国共产党人在探索中国式现代化进程中,从实现追赶世界工业化进程的战略目标出发,从以工业为先导的农业现代化建设、服务农业现代化的工业体系建设、农业向工业提供农产品支撑等产业关联性方面,对工农相互支援联动发展实现路径进行了积极探索,构建起以重工业为中心并带动农业现代化建设、农业为工业提供农产品支撑的工农产业体系,回答了作为工业化后发国家如何追赶世界工业化进程的命题,其所进行的理论和实践探索具有开创性意义。中国式现代化进程中探索工农相互支援联动发展的实践表明,对于中国社会主义革命和建设时期工农城乡关系的讨论,不能仅仅看到农业为工业提供资金支持而弱化了其发展能力,还要看到工业为农业提供现代生产要素而提升了其发展能力,以及为农村提供现代生活用品而改善了农民生活条件。

竖直互连小通道内流动沸腾传热强化机理分析

为推动流动沸腾技术在燃料电池散热领域的应用,该文以R141b为工质,对不同流速下的并联直通道及互连小通道内流动沸腾情况进行三维瞬态数值模拟。利用换热系数、基底温度及综合换热因子等参数对比各结构的换热性能,并探究互连小通道的换热强化机理。研究表明:换热趋势随气泡行为呈周期性变化,气泡脱离时的换热效果最佳;由连通口引发的二次流促进热量传递与壁温升高,使通道可提前2 ms满足成核条件,且气泡在10^(-4) m/s以上的二次流速作用下率先脱离;五连通通道的换热系数较并联直通道可提升19.6%~23.3%,继续增加连通口数,换热系数的相对增长率均不足3.5%;涡结构使压降随连通口数增加而增大,且增势并不减弱,八连通通道的压降较并联直通道增加29.5%~42%。可见,二次流在影响气泡行为、强化换热的同时也带来压力损失,综合换热性能与连通口数目不成正相关。

数字互联是否提升了国有企业的创新水平?——影响识别和机制检验

促进国有企业创新对国民经济高质量发展至关重要。利用2011~2021年国有企业的微观数据,采用微观计量分析方法,检验数字互联是否对国有企业创新能力和创新效率的提升具有显著影响。实证结果表明,数字互联显著提高了国有企业的创新能力,但是对国有企业创新效率的影响不显著。数字互联对不同技术类别国有企业创新能力和创新效率的影响存在着明显的异质性特征。进一步从企业成本、人力资本、公司治理三个方面检验了数字互联对国有企业创新影响的机制,结果表明,数字互联对企业创新能力的影响并不存在明显的所有制差异。在今后的国有企业改革中,应该广泛借助新一代信息数字化技术提升国有企业的创新能力。

高速数字化三维集成式CCD-CMOS图像传感器

为了解决CCD与CMOS工艺兼容性低、互连集成制作难度大,以及芯片间接口匹配和高性能兼备等问题,对CCD器件拓扑结构与像元、CMOS读出电路、三维异质互连集成及高密度引脚封装等技术进行研究,提出了一种1024×256阵列规模的集成式CCD-CMOS图像传感器。该器件实现了CCD信号的高精度数字化处理、高速输出及多芯粒的技术融合,填补了国内CCDCMOS三维集成技术空白。测试结果表明:集成CCD-CMOS器件的光响应和成像功能正常,双边成像效果良好,图像无黑条和坏列,互连连通率(99.9%)满足三维集成要求,实现了集成式探测器件的大满阱高灵敏度成像(满阱电子数达165.28ke^(-)、峰值量子效率达86.1%)、高精度数字化(12bit)和高速输出(行频率达100.85kHz),满足集成化、数字化、小型化的多光谱探测成像系统要求。

一种基于局部间断Galerkin方法的IC互连线电容提取策略

求解椭圆方程的局部间断Galerkin(LDG)方法具有精度高、并行效率高的优点,且能适用于各种网格。文章提出采用LDG方法来求解IC版图中电势分布函数满足的Laplace方程,从而给出了一个提取互连线电容的新方法。该问题的求解区域需要在矩形区域内部去掉数量不等的导体区域,在这种特殊的计算区域上,通过数值测试验证了LDG方法能达到理论的收敛阶。随着芯片制造工艺的发展,导体尺寸和间距也越来越小,给数值模拟带来新的问题。文章采用倍增网格剖分方法,大幅减小了计算单元数。对包含不同数量和形状导体的七个电路版图,用新方法提取互连线电容,得到的结果与商业工具给出的结果非常接近,表明了新方法的有效性。