Applications of gray relational analysis in gastroenterology

ABM: To introduce the basic methods of gray relational analysis (GRA) and to illustrate its applications in gastroenterology. METHODS: With the essential formulae of GRA and several typically practical examples, the procedure of GRA was introduced. Examples were drawn from the gastroenterological studies. Thus the trait of GRA could be demonstrated. RESULTS: The superiority of GRA in gastroenterological study was proved by the examples. CONCLUSION: GRA can be applied mechanically or flexibly in gastroenterology.

Gray Related Analysis on Shaped-charge Rod Penetrator Shaped

The gray relation among the design parameters of the cumulative charge rod penetrator (CCRP) is analyzed adopting the gray systematic theory and method, and the gray related matrix among the parameters is obtained. The result parameters of CCRP and the main parameters of influencing the CCRP molding are obtained utilizing numerical simulation. This lays the foundation of CCRP design and provides a kind of effective research method.

Partner Selection Analysis and System Development Based on Gray Relation Analysis for an Agile Virtual Enterprise

This paper analyzes the state of the art of partner selection and enumerates the advantage of partner selection based on gray relation analysis comparing to the other algorithms of the partner selection. Furthermore, partner selection system based on gray relation for an Agile Virtual Enterprise（AVE） is analyzed and designed based on the definition and characteristics of the AVE. According to J2EE mode, the architecture of the partner selection system is put forward and the system is developed t^ing JSP, EJB and SQL Server. The paper lays emphasis on a gray relational mathematic model, AVE evaluation infrastructure, a core algorithm of partner selection and a multi-layer gray relation selection process.

Evaluation of Development Level of New Four Modernizations Based on Gray Relational Model——A Case Study of 14 Cities in Hunan Province

The development level of industrialization,informationization,urbanization and agricultural modernization(New Four Modernizations) is an important indicator for evaluation of regional economic development.In this paper,an indicator system was designed for evaluation of the development level of New Four Modernizations according to the interaction mechanism between them.It introduced the data related to New Four Modernizations of 14 cities in Hunan Province during 2004 and 2012,and made a comprehensive analysis of the development level of New Four Modernizations in these cities by entropy-gray relational method.It found that the development level of New Four Modernizations in 14 cities in Hunan Province was extremely uneven,and the stronger would become stronger,while the weaker would become weaker,like Matthew effect.Thus,it is required to straighten out the development idea,carry out reform and innovation in the mechanism construction,urbanrural integration,interaction and integration,and regional coordination,to promote simultaneous development of New Four Modernizations.

Spectrum-effect relationship between HPLC fingerprints and bioactive components of Radix Hedysari on increasing the peak bone mass of rat

The traditional Chinese medicine of Radix Hedysari plays an important role in invigorating gas for ascending, benefiting blood for promoting production of fluid, and promoting circulation for removing obstruction in collaterals, which is consistent with the principle of treatment for osteoporosis. This study is designed to investigate the bioactive components on increasing peak bone mass (PBM) by exploring the spectrum-effect relationship between chromatography fingerprints and effect. Multiple indicators are selected to evaluate the pharmacological activity. In fingerprints, 21 common peaks are obtained, five of which are identified. Furthermore, gray relational analysis (GRA) is a quantitative method of gray system theory and is used to describe the correlation degree of common peaks and pharmacological activities with relational value. 21 components are then divided into three different regions, of which ononin and calycosin play an extremely significant role in increasing PBM. In addition, factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) are used to screen the optimal producing area for Radix Hedysari. This provides a comprehensive and efficient method to improve the quality evaluation of Radix Hedysari, confirming the bioactive components for PBM-enhancement and further develop its medicinal value.

Gray comprehensive assessment and optimal selection of water consumption forecasting model

A comprehensive assessing method based on the principle of the gray system theory and gray relational grade analysis was put forward to optimize water consumption forecasting models. The method provides a better accuracy for the assessment and the optimal selection of the water consumption forecasting models. The results show that the forecasting model built on this comprehensive assessing method presents better self-adaptability and accuracy in forecasting.

Evaluation of microstructure and mechanical properties of squeeze overcast Al7075-Cu composite joints

Al7075-Cu composite joints were prepared by the squeeze overcast process.The effects of melt temperature,die temperature,and squeeze pressure on hardness and ultimate tensile strength(UTS)of squeeze overcast Al7075-Cu composite joints were studied.The experimental results depict that squeeze pressure is the most significant process parameter affecting the hardness and UTS.The optimal values of UTS(48 MPa)and hardness(76 HRB)are achieved at a melt temperature of 800℃,a die temperature of 250℃,and a squeeze pressure of 90 MPa.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)shows that fractured surfaces show flatfaced morphology at the optimal experimental condition.Energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)analysis depicts that the atomic weight percentage of Zn decreases with an increase in melt temperature and squeeze pressure.The optimal mechanical properties of the Al7075-Cu overcast joint were achieved at the Al2Cu eutectic phase due to the large number of copper atoms that dispersed into the aluminum melt during the solidification process and the formation of strong intermetallic bonds.Gray relational analysis integrated with the Taguchi method was used to develop an optimal set of control variables for multi-response parametric optimization.Confirmatory tests were performed to validate the effectiveness of the employed technique.The manufacturing of squeeze overcast Al7075-Cu composite joints at optimal process parameters delivers a great indication to acknowledge a new method for foundry practitioners to manufacture materials with superior mechanical properties.

Physiological Changes in Leaves of Medicago falcata Under Low-Temperature Stress

Low temperature significantly restricts crop yield and quality.Medicago falcata(M.falcata)is a typical legume species that exhibits great capacity of tolerance to low temperature.To understand the low-temperature responses in M.falcata,the electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation level,and activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and peroxidase(POD),and contents of reduced glutathione(GSH),soluble protein,soluble sugar and proline were investigated in low-temperature-stressed M.falcata leaves.The electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde(MDA)content increased,and could be used to quantify low-temperature damage at cellular level.And then,the significant change of SOD,POD and CAT activities,and GSH content reflected the higher reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging capacity in M.falcata.In addition,the significant change of soluble protein,soluble sugar and proline contents helped to maintain osmotic equilibrium,energy supply and protein functions.These nine physiological traits were analyzed by gray relational grade analysis and ranked from the highest to the lowest as follows:electrolyte leakage,GSH,proline,soluble protein,MDA,soluble sugar,SOD,CAT and POD,and illustrated that the electrolyte leakage level,GSH and proline contents should be selected and measured priority in M.falcata low-temperature tolerance to improve measurement efficiency.

企业安全能力及其进化取向的灰色关联度分析(GRA)判定法研究

依据企业资源理论与能力理论的具体研究成果,分析了企业安全能力与企业安全资源之间的关系,进而研究了企业安全能力进化的取向问题。探讨了企业中的安全资源和安全能力及其相互关系,并从安全能力进化取向、安全资源优势、企业竞争优势三者之间存在的内在联系,运用GRA(GrayRelationAnalysis)(灰色关联度分析)方法提出了一种企业安全能力进化取向的判定方法。该方法为企业如何利用有限的资金合理选择安全能力进化的取向,以及制定相应的安全资源积累的顺序,提供了一种理论依据。

Influential Factors of Water Productivity of Maize in Oasis of Arid Areas——A Case Study of Linze County

[Objective] The aim was to research influential factors of water productivity of maize in oasis in arid areas. [Method] In middle reach of Heihe River in Linze County of Zhangye City, maize, a major crop in irrigated area in the oasis, was studied and nine influential factors were chosen through grey relation analysis. [Result] According to grey relation analysis, top five factors influencing water produc- tivity of maize during 1995-2009 were as follows： applied quantity of chemical fertil- izers〉labour input〉seeds〉mulch amount〉pesticide amount, which indicated that controllable factors, instead of uncontrollable ones, dominate in influence of water productivity of maize in oasis in arid areas. [Conclusion] With water resource limited, investment of controllable factors in high-efficient agricultural production should be the major strategy to improve water productivity of maize in oasis of arid areas.

Intelligent Urban Sustainable Development Plan

Based on the entropy weight method and the gray relational analysis method, we first calculate the weight of each index and the correlation coefficient between the indicators, get the urban intelligent growth index, and then calculate the annual growth rate of the composite index. We find the following results. First, Suzhou to improve its environment, the success rate of 109.67%. Saint Louis to improve its economy, the growth rate of 57.4%. Second, the sensitivity of the data analysis, each of the indicators is increased by 10%, 20%, 30%, other indicators remain unchanged. Recalculate the city’s intelligent growth index, we find that the greater the volatility, the greater the potential. The total population of the city, built green area, the total length of the bus operating a greater potential, built-up area, the smallest regional GDP potential. Finally, we propose an improved model combining remote sensing with GIS to analyze urban expansion and farmland loss from time and space qualitatively and quantitatively.

Evaluation Model of Teaching Quality Based on Cloud Computing

In the teaching quality evaluation, due to the influence of various human factors, the teaching quality evaluation system is presented with some grey characteristics. Traditional evaluation methods cannot solve the problem effectively. Through gray relational analysis, the grey system of partial information known and unknown can be analyzed. It is difficult for the qualitative description language evaluation index to use traditional mathematical model for accurate representation. In this paper, cloud model is combined with grey relational analysis, and an evaluation method is proposed based on the cloudgrey relational analysis, in order to realize the mutual transformation between the qualitative information and quantitative numerical. Three university teachers’ information was collected by questionnaire survey, and the teaching quality was evaluated through the evaluation model based on grey relational analysis built in MATLAB. The results were compared with those of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and the BP neural network evaluation. The results show that the teaching quality evaluation model based on cloud grey relational analysis has certain rationality and feasibility.

Mineralogical properties and co-sintering characteristics of fluxed iron ore with magnetite concentrates

To investigate the feasibility of co-sintering of fluxed iron ore with magnetite concentrates, the mineralogical properties of a novel fluxed iron ore were studied using particle size analysis, microscopic morphology characterization, and X-ray diffraction Rietveld analysis. Following that, the experiments for granulation performance and basic sintering characteristics were designed under seven different fluxed iron ore ratios, and the integrated ranking of different fluxed iron ore ratios was determined using gray relation analysis. Finally, the results of the industrial trails were combined with the feasibility analysis. Test and experimental results show that the fraction of the fluxed iron ore particles larger than 0.5 mm can account for more than 48%, and the particles have two morphologies: spherical-rough and flaky-smooth. Ca elements are found in the form of calcite (CaCO3) and dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2). The average particle size of granules and powder removal rate can be improved from 2.50 to 3.16 mm and 39.60% to 24.20%, respectively, with the increase in the fluxed iron ore ratio. Furthermore, the fluxed iron ore can improve assimilability and liquid fluidity of magnetite concentrates. In terms of overall granulation performance and sintering characteristics, the fluxed iron ore ratios are graded from best to worst as follows: 12%, 15%, 9%, 18%, 21%, 6% and 3%. The industrial trails show that when the fluxed iron ore ratio is increased, the beneficial effect of the superior sintering characteristics of the fluxed iron ore itself is ideally balanced with the negative effect of the lower amount of additional CaO at 12% ratio, and thus, it is feasible to bring the fluxed iron ore into production at a level of roughly 12%.

Optimization of polyurethane-bonded thin overlay mixture designation for airport pavement

This research explored the application potential of PUM thin-overlay technology on airport rapid maintenance.The rapid curing process of polyurethane binder determines the limited time window for mixing and construction of polyurethane-bonded mixture(PUM),which presents significant difference with hot-mix asphalt(HMA)technology.Therefore,this research investigated and optimized the mix design of PUM for airport thin-overlay technology based on its thermosetting characteristics.First,limestone and basalt were comprehensively compared as an aggregate for PUM.Then,the effects of molding and curing conditions were studied in terms of mixing time,molding method,molding parameters and curing temperature.Statistical analysis was also conducted to evaluate the effects of gradation and particle size on PUM performances based on gray relational analysis(GRA),thus determining the key particle size to control PUM performances.Finally,the internal structural details of PUM were captured by X-ray CT scan test.The results demonstrated that it only took 12 hours to reach 75%of maximum strength at a curing temperature of 50°C,indicating an efficient curing process and in turn allowing short traffic delay.The internal structural details of PUM presented distribution of tiny pores with few connective voids,guaranteeing waterproof property and high strength.