X连锁隐性遗传聋哑(deaf-mute)家系的遗传学特征分析

在进行中国人群的遗传性耳聋发病情况的调查中,发现了一个5代隔代遗传的聋哑家系(L021家系)。研究中调查家系成员64人,对其中的31人进行了系统的听力学检查,发现聋哑男性8位,听力表型为全聋及极重度聋,获得家系成员的血样31人份。家系图谱分析显示该家系为X连锁隐性遗传性耳聋家系,为先天性聋哑疾病分子病理机制的研究提供了模板。

基于S-E-T因素的产品机会确定方法——以德国MUTE电动汽车项目为例

"S-E-T"是指:通过分析当前"社会、经济、技术"的状况,并预测未来发展趋势,进而找出现有产品和新趋势推动下所产生的需要或者改进可能性之间的缺口。以德国M U T E电动汽车为例,基于这三种因素对新产品机会进行了评估,并通过工业设计实现该机会。具体设计过程包括概念设计与造型设计,概念设计又包括车身工程设计、品牌规划两个阶段;造型设计部分又包括总体造型设计、标识性特征设计、细节设计三个阶段。最后对该方法进行了总结。

Multi-access performance of DS UWB systemunder indoor dense multi-path channel

The performance of multi-user code to direct spreading bi-phase shift keying （DS-BPSK） direct impulse ultra wideband （UWB） systems under indoor multi-user and multi-path environment is analyzed and simulated. The system output signals with Rake receiver are derived, then a simple and practical code selection scheme is given; i. e., with a large occupation to empty ratio of the repeating pulses, directly choosing those random or pseudo-random user codes with enough length and good co-relative orthogonal features will make the performance of DS-BPSK approximate the optimum and, so there is no need to carefully design the code or its type. The system multi-access performances are simulated using Gold sequence and PN codes as multi-user codes under CMI-CM4 multi-path channels. Simulation results prove that the proposed scheme is feasible.

Muted蛋白介导CD63在嗜铬细胞大致密核心颗粒的定位

大致密核心颗粒(Large dense-core vesicles,LDCVs)是一种溶酶体相关细胞器(Lysosome-related organelles,LROs),在细胞受到刺激时快速释放其内含物,从而调节机体生长发育、物质代谢和能量代谢等,维持机体的稳态。Muted蛋白是溶酶体相关细胞器生物发生复合体-1(Biogenesis of lysosomal organelles complex-1,BLOC-1)的一个亚基,参与调控溶酶体和多种细胞特异性LROs的生物学发生。四联体跨膜蛋白CD63最初被定位在内体-溶酶体系统,后来发现它也参与部分LROs膜的组成。CD63是否存在于LDCVs尚不清楚,其靶向运输过程是否依赖Muted蛋白也不明确。本研究以肾上腺嗜铬细胞为细胞模型,采用荧光共定位、活细胞追踪和密度梯度离心等实验鉴定CD63蛋白为LDCVs的膜组分,并探讨了其生物学功能。活细胞实验显示CD63-YFP特异性定位在NPY-ds Red标记的LDCVs上,并动态参与LDCVs膜的组成;密度梯度离心实验表明高密度区的CD63与LDCVs的标记蛋白VMAT1共同出峰;Muted蛋白缺乏的小鼠(Bloc1s5基因突变)是一种理想的Hermansky-Pudlak综合征(HPS)小鼠模型,免疫印迹实验显示该突变体小鼠肾上腺组织中CD63蛋白含量明显减少,暗示Muted蛋白可能参与CD63的分选。以上结果表明CD63是LDCVs的膜成分,CD63在胞内的稳态水平依赖于Muted蛋白,为HPS的病理发生机制提供一定的理论依据。

GST pull-down结合质谱技术鉴定Muted蛋白相互作用蛋白

目的鉴定Muted蛋白相互作用蛋白。方法表达并纯化GST-Muted蛋白融合蛋白,与小鼠脑组织蛋白共孵育,银染获得与Muted互作的蛋白条带,利用质谱技术获得这些条带的氨基酸序列,鉴定Muted的相互作用蛋白。结果初步鉴定出31个与Muted特异结合的互作蛋白,包括外泌体蛋白、细胞骨架蛋白及马达蛋白等,进一步应用免疫共沉淀技术验证了Muted与Stxbp1的相互作用。结论从小鼠脑组织初步鉴定了Muted蛋白的结合蛋白,为进一步研究Muted蛋白在LDCVs形成和分泌过程中的功能及机制提供了新的线索。

MRBCH: A Multi-Path Routing Protocol Based on Credible Cluster Heads for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks are widely used for its flexibility, but they also suffer from problems like limited capacity, large node number and vulnerability to security threats. In this paper, we propose a multi-path routing protocol based on the credible cluster heads. The protocol chooses nodes with more energy remained as cluster heads at the cluster head choosing phase, and then authenticates them by the neighbor cluster heads. Using trust mechanisms it creates the credit value, and based on the credit value the multi-path cluster head routing can finally be found. The credit value is created and exchanged among the cluster heads only. Theoretical analysis combined with simulation results demonstrate that this protocol can save the resource, prolong the lifetime, and ensure the security and performance of the network.

Multi-Path Routing and Resource Allocation in Active Network

An algorithm of traffic distribution called active multi-path routing (AMR)in active network is proposed. AMR adopts multi-path routing and applies nonlinear optimizeapproximate method to distribute network traffic among multiple paths. It is combined to bandwidthresource allocation and the congestion restraint mechanism to avoid congestion happening and worsen.So network performance can be improved greatly. The frame of AMR includes adaptive trafficallocation model, the conception of supply bandwidth and its' allocation model, the principle ofcongestion restraint and its' model, and the implement of AMR based on multi-agents system in activenetwork. Through simulations, AMR has distinct effects on network performance. The results show AMRisa valid traffic regulation algorithm.

MTSS: multi-path traffic scheduling mechanism based on SDN

Large-scale and diverse businesses based on the cloud computing platform bring the heavy network traffic to cloud data centers.However,the unbalanced workload of cloud data center network easily leads to the network congestion,the low resource utilization rate,the long delay,the low reliability,and the low throughput.In order to improve the utilization efficiency and the quality of services(QoS)of cloud system,especially to solve the problem of network congestion,we propose MTSS,a multi-path traffic scheduling mechanism based on software defined networking(SDN).MTSS utilizes the data flow scheduling flexibility of SDN and the multi-path feature of the fat-tree structure to improve the traffic balance of the cloud data center network.A heuristic traffic balancing algorithm is presented for MTSS,which periodically monitors the network link and dynamically adjusts the traffic on the heavy link to achieve programmable data forwarding and load balancing.The experimental results show that MTSS outperforms equal-cost multi-path protocol(ECMP),by effectively reducing the packet loss rate and delay.In addition,MTSS improves the utilization efficiency,the reliability and the throughput rate of the cloud data center network.

A Simple Method for Source Depth Estimation with Multi-path Time Delay in Deep Ocean

A method of source depth estimation based on the multi-path time delay difference is proposed. When the minimum time arrivals in all receiver depths are snapped to a certain time on time delay-depth plane, time delay arrivals of surface-bottom reflection and bottom-surface reflection intersect at the source depth. Two hydrophones deployed vertically with a certain interval are required at least. If the receiver depths are known, the pair of time delays can be used to estimate the source depth. With the proposed method the source depth can be estimated successfully in a moderate range in the deep ocean without complicated matched-field calculations in the simulations and experiments.

A new method to estimate DOA in CDMA system in multi-path environment

An algorithm for direction angle of arrival(DOA) estimation and array calibration of signals from multiple mobile users in the CDMA systems and multi-path environment was presented . The main idea is that the algorithm employs code-matched filter and model of the inter-symbol interference and multiple-access interference exactly. The correlation matrices of the received signals before and after code-matched filtering were employed to eliminate the effect of the additive white Gaussian noise, and a new mathematical problem was created, a new maximum likelihood method based on the strong law of large number was derived for DOA estimation and array calibration. Computer simulation results prove that the algorithm is effective.

Mu-Net:Multi-Path Upsampling Convolution Network for Medical Image Segmentation

Medical image segmentation plays an important role in clinical diagnosis,quantitative analysis,and treatment process.Since 2015,U-Net-based approaches have been widely used formedical image segmentation.The purpose of the U-Net expansive path is to map low-resolution encoder feature maps to full input resolution feature maps.However,the consecutive deconvolution and convolutional operations in the expansive path lead to the loss of some high-level information.More high-level information can make the segmentationmore accurate.In this paper,we propose MU-Net,a novel,multi-path upsampling convolution network to retain more high-level information.The MU-Net mainly consists of three parts:contracting path,skip connection,and multi-expansive paths.The proposed MU-Net architecture is evaluated based on three different medical imaging datasets.Our experiments show that MU-Net improves the segmentation performance of U-Net-based methods on different datasets.At the same time,the computational efficiency is significantly improved by reducing the number of parameters by more than half.

Short Baseline Positioning with an Improved Time Reversal Technique in a Multi-path Channel

The existence of a multi-path channel under the water greatly decreases the accuracy of the short baseline positioning system.In this paper,the application of a time reversal mirror to the short baseline positioning system was investigated.The time reversal mirror technique allowed the acoustic signal to better focus in an unknown environment,which effectively reduced the expansion of multi-path acoustic signals as well as improved the signal focusing.The signal-to-noise ratio（SNR） of the time reversal operator greatly increased and could be obtained by ensonifying the water.The technique was less affected by the environment and therefore more applicable to a complex shallow water environment.Numerical simulations and pool experiments were used to demonstrate the efficiency of this technique.

The quickly switching routing algorithm based on multi-path in mobile Ad Hoc networks

This paper proposes a new on-demand multi-alternate-path algorithm, called quickly switching routing algorithm(QSRA). It switches failure routing to an alternate path as quickly as the network can. Like a nervure shape, algorithm QSRA shapes disjoint-alternate-path structure, but is not limited to. It also contains another structure that every primary node has several links to alternate paths. This structure has two advantages, the first one is that primary nodes can select one alternate path immediately when primary routing is failure without going back to source node to re-discover a new routing or choose an alternate path; the second is that it guarantees primary nodes can select another alternate path as quickly as possible once one of alternate paths fails. Strongpoint of algorithm QSRA is reducing frequency of routing re-discovering. Besides, the structure occupies fewer resources than other routing algorithms due to its distributed structure. Simulation shows that QSRA has higher packets received ratio and lower control packet overhead and lower end-to-end delay.

Multi-path planning algorithm based on fitness sharing and species evolution

A new algorithm is proposed for underwater vehicles multi-path planning. This algorithm is based on fitness sharing genetic algorithm, clustering and evolution of multiple populations, which can keep the diversity of the solution path, and decrease the operating time because of the independent evolution of each subpopulation. The multi-path planning algorithm is demonstrated by a number of two-dimensional path planning problems. The results show that the multi-path planning algorithm has the following characteristics: high searching capability, rapid convergence and high reliability.

Improved Multi-Path Routing for QoS on MANET

A Mobile Ad hoc NETwork(MANET)is a self-configuring network that is not reliant on infrastructure.This paper introduces a new multipath routing method based on the Multi-Hop Routing(MHR)technique.MHR is the consecutive selection of suitable relay nodes to send information across nodes that are not within direct range of each other.Failing to ensure good MHR leads to several negative consequences,ultimately causing unsuccessful data transmission in a MANET.This research work consists of three portions.The first to attempt to propose an efficient MHR protocol is the design of Priority Based Dynamic Routing(PBDR)to adapt to the dynamic MANET environment by reducing Node Link Failures(NLF)in the network.This is achieved by dynamically considering a node’s mobility parameters like relative velocity and link duration,which enable the next-hop selection.This method works more efficiently than the traditional protocols.Then the second stage is the Improved Multi-Path Dynamic Routing(IMPDR).The enhancement is mainly focused on further improving the Quality of Service(QoS)in MANETs by introducing a QoS timer at every node to help in the QoS routing of MANETs.Since QoS is the most vital metric that assesses a protocol,its dynamic estimation has improved network performance considerably.This method uses distance,linkability,trust,and QoS as the four parameters for the next-hop selection.IMPDR is compared against traditional routing protocols.The Network Simulator-2(NS2)is used to conduct a simulation analysis of the protocols under consideration.The proposed tests are assessed for the Packet Delivery Ratio(PDR),Packet Loss Rate(PLR),End-to-End Delay(EED),and Network Throughput(NT).

Multi-Path Attention Inverse Discrimination Network for Offline Signature Verification

Signature verification,which is a method to distinguish the authenticity of signature images,is a biometric verification technique that can effectively reduce the risk of forged signatures in financial,legal,and other business envir-onments.However,compared with ordinary images,signature images have the following characteristics:First,the strokes are slim,i.e.,there is less effective information.Second,the signature changes slightly with the time,place,and mood of the signer,i.e.,it has high intraclass differences.These challenges lead to the low accuracy of the existing methods based on convolutional neural net-works(CNN).This study proposes an end-to-end multi-path attention inverse dis-crimination network that focuses on the signature stroke parts to extract features by reversing the foreground and background of signature images,which effectively solves the problem of little effective information.To solve the problem of high intraclass variability of signature images,we add multi-path attention modules between discriminative streams and inverse streams to enhance the discriminative features of signature images.Moreover,a multi-path discrimination loss function is proposed,which does not require the feature representation of the samples with the same class label to be infinitely close,as long as the gap between inter-class distance and the intra-class distance is bigger than the set classification threshold,which radically resolves the problem of high intra-class difference of signature images.In addition,this loss can also spur the network to explore the detailed infor-mation on the stroke parts,such as the crossing,thickness,and connection of strokes.We respectively tested on CEDAR,BHSig-Bengali,BHSig-Hindi,and GPDS Synthetic datasets with accuracies of 100%,96.24%,93.86%,and 83.72%,which are more accurate than existing signature verification methods.This is more helpful to the task of signature authentication in justice and finance.

SOPA:Source Routing Based Packet-Level Multi-Path Routing in Data Center Networks

Many ＂rich - connected＂ topologies with multiple parallel paths between smwers have been proposed for data center networks recently to provide high bisection bandwidth, but it re mains challenging to fully utilize the high network capacity by appropriate multi- path routing algorithms. As flow-level path splitting may lead to trafl＇ic imbalance between paths due to flow- size difference, packet-level path splitting attracts more attention lately, which spreads packets from flows into multiple available paths and significantly improves link utilizations. However, it may cause packet reordering, confusing the TCP congestion control algorithm and lowering the throughput of flows. In this paper, we design a novel packetlevel multi-path routing scheme called SOPA, which leverag- es OpenFlow to perform packet-level path splitting in a round- robin fashion, and hence significantly mitigates the packet reordering problem and improves the network throughput. Moreover, SOPA leverages the topological feature of data center networks to encode a very small number of switches along the path into the packet header, resulting in very light overhead. Compared with random packet spraying （RPS）, Hedera and equal-cost multi-path routing （ECMP）, our simulations demonstrate that SOPA achieves 29.87%, 50.41% and 77.74% higher network throughput respectively under permutation workload, and reduces average data transfer completion time by 53.65%, 343.31% and 348.25% respectively under production workload.

QoS Based and Energy Aware Multi-Path Hierarchical Routing Algorithm in WSNs

In hierarchical networks, nodes are separated to play different roles such as CHs and cluster members. Each CH collects data from the cluster members within its cluster, aggregates the data and then transmits the data to the sink. Each algorithm that is used for packet routing in quality of service (QoS) based applications should be able to establish a tradeoffs between end to end delay parameter and energy consumption. Therefore, enabling QoS applications in sensor networks requires energy and QoS awareness in different layers of the protocol stack. We propose a QoS based and Energy aware Multi-path Hierarchical Routing Algorithm in wireless sensor networks namely QEMH. In this protocol, we try to satisfy the QoS requirements with the minimum energy via hierarchical methods. Our routing protocol includes two phase. In first phase, performs cluster heads election based on two parameters: node residual energy and node distance to sink. In second phase, accomplishes routes discovery using multiple criteria such as residual energy, remaining buffer size, signal-to-noise ratio and distance to sink. When each node detect an event can send data to the CH as single hop and CH to the sink along the paths. We use a weighted traffic allocation strategy to distribute the traffic amongst the available paths to improve the end to end delay and throughput. In this strategy, the CH distributes the traffic between the paths according to the end to end delay of each path. The end to end delay of each path is obtained during the paths discovery phase. QEMH maximizes the network lifetime as load balancing that causes energy consume uniformly throughout the network. Furthermore employs a queuing model to handle both real-time and non-real-time traffic. By means of simulations, we evaluate and compare the performance of our routing protocol with the MCMP and EAP protocols. Simulation results show that our proposed protocol is more efficient than those protocols in providing QoS requirements and minimizing energy consumption.

Performance Study of Multi-Path in VANETs and Their Impact on Routing Protocols

Modeling complicated vehicular traffic behavior and analyzing effects on the communication performance of routing protocols taken by environmental factors have been a challenging task for the past several years. In this paper, we study the performance of multi-path routing protocol. Then, we investigate both multi-path and single-path routing protocol and analyze characteristics such as network connectivity, vehicle-node density etc. To better understand this phenomenon, we use mobility model with different parameters and evaluate the performance of routing protocols (Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector and Ad-hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector routing protocols) through NS2 platform. The simulation results show the significance of multi-path on the throughput, loss and average delay of VANETs. The results of this paper may be used to study designing route protocols and applications of VANET.

An Efficient CSI Feedback Scheme for Dual-Polarized MIMO Systems Using Layered Multi-Paths Information

Massive MIMO is one of tile enabling technologies tbr beyond 4G and 5G systems due to its ability to provide beamforming gain and reduce interference Dual-polarized antenna is widely adopted to accommodate a large number of antenna elements in limited space. However, current CSI（channel state information） feedback schemes developed in LTE for conventional MIMO systems are not efficient enough for massive MIMO systems since the overhead increases almost linearly with the number of antenna. Moreover, the codebook for massive MIMO will be huge and difficult to design with the LTE methodology. This paper proposes a novel CSI feedback scheme named layered Multi-paths Information based CSI Feedback （LMPIF）, which can achieve higher spectrum efficiency for dual-polarized antenna system with low feedback overhead. The MIMO channel is decomposed into long term components （multipath directions and amplitudes） and short term components （multipath phases）. The relationship between the two components and the optimal precoder is derived in closed form. To reduce the overhead, different granularities in feedback time have been applied for the long term components and short term components Link and system level simulation results prove that LMPIF can improve performance considerably with low CSI feedback overhead.