Energy Spectra of a Magnetic Quantum Ring with an Off-Center Impurity

In this paper, we calculate the low-lying spectra of a single-electron magnetic quantum ring with an offcenter Coulomb impurity, where the magnetic field is zero within the ring and constant elsewhere. The impurity, either an acceptor or a donor, is located at a distance d as measured from the plane of the ring along the vertical z direction. The magnetic moments are found in order to get visible discontinuities at the points of the ground-state orbital angular momentum L transitions induced by magnetic fields.

Donor-bound electron states in a two-dimensional quantum ring under uniform magnetic field

The electron states in a two-dimensional GaAs/AlGaAs quantum ring are theoretically studied in effective mass approximation. On-centre donor impurity and uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the ring plane are taken into account. The energy spectrum with different angular momentum changes dramatically with the geometry of the ring. The donor impurity reduces the energies with an almost fixed value; however, the magnetic field alters energies in a more complex way. For example, energy levels under magnetic field will cross each other when increasing the inner radius and outer radius of the ring, leading to the fact that the arrangement of energy levels is distinct in certain geometry of the ring. Moreover, energy levels with negative angular momentum exhibit the non-monotonous dependence on the increasing magnetic field.

A Novel Design and Fabrication of Magnetic Random Access Memory Based on Nano-ring-type Magnetic Tunnel Junctions

Nano-ring-type magnetic tunnel junctions （NR-MTJs） with the layer structure of Ta（5）/Ir22Mn78（10）/ Co75Fe25（2）/Ru（0.75）/CoooFe20B20（3）/Al（0.6）-oxide/Co60Fe20B20（2.5）/Ta（3）/Ru（5） （thickness unit： nm） were nano-fabricated on the Si（100）/SiO2 substrate using magnetron sputtering deposition combined with the optical lithography, electron beam lithography （EBL） and Ar ion-beam etching techniques. The smaller NR-MTJs with the inner- and outer-diameter of around 50 and 100 nm and also their corresponding NR-MTJ arrays were nano-patterned. The tunnelling magnetoresistance （TMR ＆ R） versus driving current （I） loops for a spin-polarized current switching were measured, and the TMR ratio of around 35% at room temperature were observed. The critical values of switching current for the free Co60Fe20B20 layer relative to the reference Co6oFe2oB2o layer between parallel and anti-parallel magnetization states were between 0.50 and 0.75 mA in such NR-MTJs. It is suggested that the applicable MRAM fabrication with the density and capacity higher than 256 Mbit/inch2 even 6 Gbite/inch2 are possible using both I NR-MTJ＋1 transistor structure and current switching mechanism based on based on our fabricated 4×4 MRAM demo devices.

The Friction and Wear of Sleeve-ring Pair Lubricated by Active Lubricants in the Presence of Magnetic Field

The effect of magnetic field on the tribological process of sleeve-ring pair lubricated by WRL lubricants was investigated by means of a NG-x wear tester and a PS5013 video microscope. The friction coefficient(f) and the wear weight(W) in lubricating test with WRL lubricant were decreased with the increase in the magnetic field vertical to the rubbing surface, and an almost zero wear lubricating situation was gained in a magnetic field of 1000A/m. The captured wear micro particles on the rubbing surface were observed in the testing process, and the theoretical analysis of magnetic effects was completed. It is indicated that the magnetic field has not only a capturing action of wear micro particles on the worn surface, but also a inducing polarization of magnetic anisotropy of lubricant molecular. The actions promote the absorption of WRL lubricant into the wear surface as well as wear micro-particles, so that a good tribological effect is obtained when both magnetic field and WRL present.

Design of the SSRF storage ring magnet lattice

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) is a proposed 3rd generation light source with 3.5 GeV in energy. It is composed of 20 DBA cells resulting in a ring that is about 10 nm(rad in emittance and 396 m in circumference, and provides 10 straight sections of 7.24 m and other 10 straight sections of 5.0 m for the inclusion of insertion devices, injection components and RF cavities. The lattice has high flexibility, and the tunes and beta functions can be easily adjusted within a wide range to meet the requirements for different operation modes, including high beta mode and hybrid beta mode with and/or without dispersion in straight sections. In this paper, the results of linear optics design and dynamic aperture study are presented.

Persistent current in a magnetized Rashba ring

We theoretically study the persistent currents flowing in a Rashba quantum ring subjected to the Rashba spinorbit interaction. By introducing uniform or nonuniform magnetization into the ring, we find that a nonzero persistent charge current circulates in the ring, which stems from the original equilibrium spin current due to the Rashba spinorbit interaction. Because of broken time reversal symmetry, the two oppositely flowing spin-up and spin-down charge currents of the equilibrium spin current are no longer equal, and so a net persistent charge current can flow in the system. It is also found that the persistent current can be modulated by the Fermi energy, the Rashba spin-orbit interaction strength and the magnetization in the ring. Moreover, the magnetization perpendicular to the ring plane can optimize the current. The persistent current flowing in the ring is a manifestation of the nonzero equilibrium spin current existing in the ring.

Build Axial Gradient Field by Using Axial Magnetized Permanent Rings

Axial magnetic field produced by an axial magnetized permanent ring was studied. For two permanent rings, if they are magnetized in the same directions, a nearly uniform axial field can be produced. If they are magnetized in opposite direction, an axial gradient magnetic field can be generated, with the field range changing from-Bo to Bo- A permanent magnet with a high axial gradient field was fabricated, the measured results agree with the PANDIRA calculation very well. For wider usage, it is desirable for the field gradient to be changed. Some methods to produce the variable gradient field are presented. These kinds of axial gradient magnetic field can also be used as a beam focusing for linear accelerator if the periodic field can be produced along the beam trajectory. The axial magnetic field is something like a solenoid, large stray field will leak to the outside environment if no method is taken to control them. In this paper, one method is illustrated to shield off the outside leakage field.

Ground state of a superconducting π ring array under external magnetic fields

The ground state of a two-dimensional square superconducting πring array has been investigated. The circulating currents of the π ring array will spontaneously magnetize to the ＇antiferromagnetic＇ arrangement with directions of the nearest-neighbouring currents circulating oppositely in the absence of an external magnetic field. It is found that the external magnetic field could destroy the anti-parallel configuration effectively. The external magnetic field needed to destroy the anti-parallel configuration is related to the superconducting π ring＇s inductance parameter β= 2πLIc/Ф0. For a small β the anti-parallel configuration, which is the lowest-energy ground state of the system, will be fully destroyed and changed to the configuration that the circulating currents have the same direction and parallel to the external magnetic field when the magnetic flux reaches Ф0/4 in each ring. Moreover, the magnetic field needed to destroy the anti-parallel configuration will be very small when β is large enough.

Development of Experimental Superconducting Magnet for the Collector Ring of FAIR Project

A pool cooled experimental magnet based on the copper stabilized NbTi supercon- ducting wire was designed, fabricated and tested, in order to evaluate the engineering design of the dipole superconducting magnet for the collector ring （CR） of the facility for antiproton and ion research （FAIR） project. In this paper, the experimental setup including quench protection system was presented. Performance of the liquid helium pool cooled test was introduced. All of the results indicate both the performance of conductor and the experimental superconducting magnet under low temperature is stable, which suggests the engineering design are feasible for the formal magnet in CR of the FAIR project.

Aharonov-Casher Oscillasions of Transmission Through a Mesoscopic Ring with a Magnetic Impurity

Aharonov-Casher oscillasions of transmission through a mesoscopic ring with a magnetic impurity is investigated. Both spin-dependent transmission and reflection coefficients of spin-state electrons at zero-temperature are calculated as a function of the textured electric fields and its title angle in the present of spin-flipper scattering. It is found that the spin-exchange interaction can destroy intermittently periodic oscillations of spin-up transmission and reflection coefficients within some small ranges in the adiabatic region of quantum phase. However spin-down transmission and reflection coefficients appear periodic AC oscillations. The calculated results manifest that spindown transmission and reflection coefficients have the same perfect oscillation patterns. In the nonadiabatic region, the behavior of the anomalous AC oscillations are depedent on the difference between the tilt angle of spin and that of texture electric field.

The substorm current wedge and midnight sector partial ring current near substorm onset: A synthesis based on a magnetotail magnetic field geometry model

The Substorm Current Wedge （SCW） occurrence in the late growth and onset phases of substorms was proposed as the current system which disrupts cross-tail current by diverting it to the ionosphere. The closure current for the SCW originally was suggested to be the strong westward auroral electrojet （WEJ）. However, the SCW-WEJ system has no viable generator current. Similarly, the asymmetric or Partial Ring Current （PRC） increases in strength during the growth phase, and is sometimes associated with an enhanced Region 2 field-aligned current （FAC） closing to the ionosphere, but specifics of that closure have been lacking. Here we present a tmifying picture which includes the SCW post- and pre-midnight （AM and PM, respectively） currents and a generator current in the midnight portion of the PRC system, with these currents based upon a model of the nightside magnetotail magnetic geometry. That geometry consists of open north and south lobe regions surrounding a plasmasheet with two types of closed field line regions-stretched lines in the central part of the plasmasheet （SPS） and dipolar lines （DPS） between the low lati- tude boundary layer （LLBL） regions and the SPS. There is also an important plasmasheet transition region （TPS） in which the dipolar field near the plasmapause gradually transforms to stretched lines near the earthward edge of the SPS, and in which the midnight part of the PRC flows. We propose that our proposed near-onset current system consists of a central current which be- comes part of the midnight sector PRC and which is the generator, to which are linked two three-part current systems, one on the dawnside and one on the duskside. The three-part systems consist of up and down FACs closing as Pedersen currents in the iono- sphere. These 3-part systems are not activated until near-onset is reached, because of a lack of ionospheric conductivity in the appropriate locations where the Pedersen current closure occurs. The initial downward FAC of the 3-part dawnside system and the final upward FAC of the 3-part duskside system correspond to the AM and PM current segments, respectively, of the originally proposed SCW.

Four-Electron Quantum Ring in a Magnetic Field

We study a quantum ring （QR） with four electrons in a perpendicular external magnetic field B by exact diagonalization. The low-lying spectra of the QR as a function orb are obtained. A phase diagram is presented indicating that the angular momentum and the spin of the ground state of the QR may jump when B and/or the radius of the QR vary, and a corresponding analysis is performed. By plotting the density functions of the QR, the ground-state configuration is found to be a regular quadrangle. Furthermore, the features of the ground-state persistent current are revealed.

Space Magnetism and Superconductivity: Diamagnetic Expulsion, Meissner Effect, Magnetic Pressure and Quantum Trapping Lead to the Origin and Stability of the Saturn Rings

Existence of the magnetic field of Saturn and the temperature around 70 - 100 K nearby of it bring us to the idea of diamagnetism and superconductivity of the rings particles. The rings could emerge from the icy particles moving on chaotic orbits around Saturn within protoplanetary cloud. After appearance of the magnetic field of Saturn all chaotic orbits of icy particles start to shift to the magnetic equator plane, where there is a minimum of the particles magnetic energy, due to diamagnetic force of expulsion like Meissner phenomenon. Each particle comes to the stable position preventing its own horizontal and vertical shift. Particles are locked within three-dimensional magnetic well due to Abrikosov quantum vortex phenomenon for superconductor. This mechanism is valid and it works even particles have a small fraction of superconductor. Final picture is similar to the picture of iron particles forms the same shape around a magnet on laboratory table. Any other phenomena like gravity resonances, dusty plasma and others may bring some peculiarities to the final picture of the rings. It follows that magnetic field of Saturn and low temperature around of it are the main reason for the rings origin and the rings is product of the early time of the magnetic field of Saturn appearance. Additional matter to the rings also may come from the frozen water particles generated from the Saturn sputniks geysers due to magnetic coupling between planet and satellites. The data of Cassini mission to Saturn rings are conforming suggested theory of their origin and existence.

基于磁平衡的钢丝绳探伤数字传感器研究

针对钢丝绳在长期运行过程中会出现断丝、截面磨损、锈蚀等损伤而形成安全隐患的问题,指出应进行钢丝绳健康状态定期安全检测和评估。针对常用的强磁检测法的不完善之处,提出基于空间磁场平衡机制检测的新型钢丝绳损伤判别方法。首先研究采用PRO/E进行三维实体建模,进行了磁路设计;其次采用有限元分析,比较X轴、Y轴磁化方向的优劣,依据磁力线密度、中间直线磁场变化强度得出Y轴磁化方向优于X轴磁化方向;最后通过运用三维磁场数值分析软件,设计计算出合适的传感器聚磁环结构和感知单元。实验研究结果表明,基于空间磁场平衡机制的新型钢丝绳探伤传感器的检测效果较传统强磁探伤传感器的检测效果有明显改善。

三轴环板式永磁齿轮气隙磁场及转矩计算

利用标量磁位法获得了三轴环板式永磁齿轮(Triple-shaft Ring-plate Magnet Gear,TRMG)的气隙磁场数理模型,根据磁场叠加原理建立了内、外永磁圈间气隙磁场及其相应的电磁转矩模型;由于所有计算均基于TRMG的平面磁场建立,因此,所建模型与二维有限元结果间具有较高的准确度(误差≤5%);其计算速度远快于三维有限元法,且与二维及三维有限元分析具有较好的吻合度与趋势性,验证了所建模型的准确性,可适用于三轴以上的多轴环板式永磁齿轮的磁场分析与结构动力学计算。

空间目标远距离磁控方法及应用分析

星间电磁力/力矩作用相对于传统航天器操控方式,具有不消耗推进剂、无羽流污染、可控能力强等优势。因此,在交会对接、编队集群、失效卫星消旋等方面得到了广泛关注。然而,电磁力/力矩的数值与场源作用距离的3到4次方成反比,导致电磁力/力矩的有效作用空间有限。磁化同轴枪强流脉冲放电装置可产生高传输速度(~1000 km/s)、高电子密度(~10^(16)cm^(-3))、高能量密度(~1 MJ/m^(2))、具有球马克位形的等离子体环,且等离子体环的放电电流可产生强度可观的环向磁场和极向磁场(~1 T)。此外,等离子体环的生成和输运环境与空间真空环境高度契合。基于磁化同轴枪生成具有球马克位形的等离子体环并将等离子体环所携带磁场远距投送的新型磁控方式,本文研究可控等离子体环远距投送对空间目标的磁控能力以及对空间目标消旋/回收的应用潜力等,并通过初步仿真算例予以验证结论的正确性。

磁聚焦式转子振动传感器研究

为了实现转子的轴向振动测量,提出了一种磁聚焦式的转子振动传感器,介绍了传感器的结构和工作原理,结合磁聚焦技术和电磁感应定律推导了传感器的输出电压数学模型。利用MATLAB和COMSOL软件对传感器进行了理论计算和建模仿真,结合设定的转速、频率等定量分析了线圈输出电信号与转子振动和旋转参数之间的关系,并进行了旋转实验验证。仿真结果表明在1 A激励电流下传感器的激励装置可产生中心磁感应强度为0.02 T的聚焦磁场,且当转子振动时,线圈输出电信号与振幅、频率、转速间存在较强的线性关系。实验结果表明传感器输出电信号为类正弦电压,验证了本传感器测振的可行性。

无线电能传输带凸字环形有界磁屏蔽任意位置圆形线圈互感计算方法

互感是无线电能传输系统中的重要参数之一,精确计算互感可为无线电能传输设计及优化提供理论依据,然而目前带凸字环形有界磁屏蔽任意位置圆形线圈互感计算问题还未解决。该文提出空间边界矢量解析法对互感进行精确求解。此方法通过边界条件求解各区域磁矢势,利用空间矢量坐标变换法,结合诺依曼公式得到任意位置互感计算表达式。通过仿真和实验对所提公式的有效性进行验证,互感计算值和实验值之间误差最大为2.86%。互感计算值、仿真值和实验值吻合良好,验证了所提计算方法的正确性。该文所提模型结构,可为水下供电提供更灵活的布局,且在同等规格下,该模型结构相比传统圆盘形结构节省19.6%的材料,其除高角度偏转外互感可达到圆盘形互感的99%。

基于单磁环三绕组的磁调制电流传感器

现有高精度闭环磁调制式电流传感器多采用双磁环乃至三磁环结构,通常具有体积较大、调制解调电路复杂、磁环特性不一致等缺点。基于此,提出一种基于单磁环三绕组结构的闭环磁调制电流传感器。在励磁电流平均值法的基础上,进一步研究简化的解调电路;增加一个感应绕组以及相应的运算电路,消除变压器效应产生的信号噪声;利用遗传算法优化传感器部分参数的取值,提升传感器性能。所提出的设计结构简单、体积小、量程大、精度高,能够满足直流大电流的测量需求。