Effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging and spiral computed tomography in the staging and treatment prognosis of colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a prevalent cancer type in clinical settings;its early signs can be difficult to detect,which often results in late-stage diagnoses in many patients.The early detection and diagnosis of CRC are crucial for improving treatment success and patient survival rates.Recently,imaging techniques have been hypothesized to be essential in managing CRC,with magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and spiral computed tomography(SCT)playing a significant role in enhancing diagnostic and treatment approaches.AIM To explore the effectiveness of MRI and SCT in the preoperative staging of CRC and the prognosis of laparoscopic treatment.METHODS Ninety-five individuals admitted to Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University underwent MRI and SCT and were diagnosed with CRC.The precision of MRI and SCT for the presurgical classification of CRC was assessed,and pathological staging was used as a reference.Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of blood volume,blood flow,time to peak,permeability surface,blood reflux constant,volume transfer constant,and extracellular extravascular space volume fraction on the prognosis of patients with CRC.RESULTS Pathological biopsies confirmed the following CRC stages:23,23,32,and 17 at T1,T2,T3,and T4,respectively.There were 39 cases at the N0 stage,22 at N1,34 at N2,44 at M0 stage,and 51 at M1.Using pathological findings as the benchmark,the combined use of MRI and SCT for preoperative TNM staging in patients with CRC demonstrated superior sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy compared with either modality alone,with a statistically significant difference in accuracy(P<0.05).Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed the predictive values for laparoscopic treatment prognosis,as indicated by the areas under the curve for blood volume,blood flow,time to peak,and permeability surface,blood reflux constant,volume transfer constant,and extracellular extravascular space volume fraction were 0.750,0.683,0.772,0.761,0.709,0.719,and 0.910,respectively.The corresponding sensitivity and specificity values were also obtained(P<0.05).CONCLUSION MRI with SCT is effective in the clinical diagnosis of patients with CRC and is worthy of clinical promotion.

Efficacy of multi-slice spiral computed tomography in evaluating gastric cancer recurrence after endoscopic submucosal dissection

BACKGROUND Recurrence is the major challenge facing endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)-based treatment therapies for early gastric cancer(EGC).Urgent development of simple and easy surveillance approaches will enhance clinical treatment of the disease.AIM To explore the role of computed tomography(CT)recurrence in evaluating EGC after ESD treatment.METHODS We retrospectively recruited patients from our endoscopy department,between January 2002 and December 2015,and analyzed their basic characteristics,including symptoms,CT results,and results of endoscopy with biopsy,among others.RESULTS Among a total of 2150 patients EGC patients surveyed,1362 met our inclusion and exclusion criteria and were therefore enrolled in our study.The cohort’s sensitivity of CT for recurrent GC and specificity were 44.22%and 43.86%,respectively,with negative and positive predictive values of 40.15%(275/685)and 48.01%(325/677),respectively.The area under the curve of arterial and venous CT values for recurrent EGC were 0.545,and 0.604,respectively.Receiver operating characteristic curve revealed no statistically significant differences between arterial and venous CT values for recurrent EGC.CONCLUSION Enhanced CT has superior diagnostic efficacy,but less accuracy,compared to gold standard techniques in patients with recurrent EGC.

Portal vein computed tomography imaging characteristics and their relationship with bleeding risk in patients with liver cirrhosis undergoing interventional therapy

BACKGROUND This study aimed to analyze the predictive value of multi-slice spiral computed tomography(CT)perfusion imaging for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension.A total of 62 patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension and 28 healthy individuals were included.The results showed that multi-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging had a significant predictive value for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension.The vascular area,number of vascular cross-sections,and gastric coronary vein diameter(GCVD)showed high predictive values,with the vascular area having the best predictive value.AIM To investigate the predictive accuracy of multi-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.METHODS This study included 62 patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension(disease group)and 28 healthy individuals(control group).The disease group was further divided into two subgroups:Group A(n=27,bleeding)and group B(n=35,no bleeding).All patients underwent multi-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging at our hospital,and we compared various parameters such as liver blood flow,vein size,number of blood vessels,and blood vessel area between the two groups.We employed statistical analysis to identify factors associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and created a graph comparing the predictive value of different factors for bleeding.RESULTS We found no difference in hepatic artery(HAP)levels among the three groups(all P>0.05).The portal vein levels in groups A and B were much lower than in the control group;group A was much lower than group B(all P<0.05).The HAP perfusion index levels in groups A and B were much higher than in the control group;group A was much higher than group B(all P<0.05).The portal vein diameter,splenic vein diameter,and GCVD levels in groups A and B were much higher than in the control group;those in group A were much higher than those in group B(all P<0.05).The number of blood vessels and blood vessel area in groups A and B were much higher than in the control group;those in group A were much higher than those in group B(all P<0.05).The statistical method showed a strong link between GCVD,number of blood vessels,blood vessel area,and upper gastrointestinal bleeding(odds ratio=1.275,1.346,1.397,P<0.05).The graph showed that GCVD,number of blood vessels,and blood vessel area could predict bleeding well,with blood vessel area having the best prediction power.CONCLUSION That multi-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging can predict upper gastrointestinal bleeding well in patients with cirrhosis and high blood pressure in the portal vein.GCVD,number of blood vessels,and blood vessel area had high prediction power.The blood vessel area had the best prediction power,with an area under the curve of 0.831.

Terahertz Three-Dimensional Imaging Based on Computed Tomography with Photonics-Based Noise Source

Computed tomography has been proven to be useful for non-destructive inspection of structures and materials. We build a three-dimensional imaging system with the photonically generated incoherent noise source and the Schottky barrier diode detector in the terahertz frequency band （90–140GHz）. Based on the computed tomography technique, the three-dimensional image of a ceramic sample is reconstructed successfully by stacking the slices at different heights. The imaging results not only indicate the ability of terahertz wave in the non-invasive sensing and non-destructive inspection applications, but also prove the effectiveness and superiority of the uni-traveling-carrier photodiode as a terahertz source in the imaging applications.

Segmental radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary vein ostia for patients with refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation using multi-slice spiral computed tomography guidance

Objective： To evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of segmental radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary vein （PV） ostia for patients with refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation （AF） under multi-slice spiral computed tomography （MSCT） guidance before the procedure. Methods： A series of 58 consecutive patients with refractory paroxysmal AF were enrolled to undergo segmental radiofrequency ablation ofPV ostia. The 36 male and 22 female patients with mean age of （57.4±9.5） （32-79） years and no obvious organic heart disease. Before ablation, patients received MSCT to generate 3-dimentional image of the left atrium （LA） and proximal PVs. Patients then underwent segmental radiofrequency ablation ofPV ostia using PV circular mapping catheter manipulated several times to ensure complete isolation between PVs and LA. Results： No complications occurred during the procedure. One patient developed delayed cardiac tamponade, which was drained percutaneously. The mean follow-up time was （17.1±9.3） months. Forty-one patients （95%） experienced improved quality of life one month after the procedure. Thirty-six patients （83%） showed stable sinus rhythm, while 10 patients （23%） required additional anti-arrhythmic drugs. AF returned≥1 time in 6 （14%） patients who underwent anti-arrhythmic drug therapy, but the number of episodes was less than that before the procedure. However, one patient experienced recurrent episodes of atrial flutter. Conclusion： It is safe and effective to perform segmental radiofrequency ablation of PV ostia for patients with refractory paroxysmal AF using MSCT guidance mappening.

Multi-slice spiral computed tomography in diagnosing unstable pelvic fractures in elderly and effect of less invasive stabilization

BACKGROUND Older people are more likely to experience pelvic fractures than younger people.Multi-slice spiral computed tomography(CT)uses three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction technology to generate 3D images that can clearly demonstrate the 3D space of fractures and detect fractures at a higher rate.AIM To investigate the clinical value of multi-slice spiral CT 3D reconstruction in the diagnosis of unstable pelvic fractures in the elderly as well as the effect of less invasive stabilization.METHODS A total of 86 patients with unstable pelvic fractures treated between March 2016 and March 2019 underwent femoral supracondylar bone traction before surgery.Pelvic radiography and multi-row spiral CT were performed successively once the patient’s vital signs and hemodynamic indices were stable.Secondary processing of the original data was performed to obtain 3D reconstruction images and determine the vertical displacement of the pelvis.After basic or complete reduction,minimally invasive internal fixation using hollow lag screws was performed.The detection rates of fracture location and classification by X-ray and CT reconstruction were compared.Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of preoperative 3D reconstruction to compare postoperative reduction,wound healing time,fracture healing time,hospitalization time,visual analog scale(VAS)score,poor internal fixation,and functional recovery.RESULTS The diagnostic coincidence rates of X-rays for pubic symphysis,ilium wing,sacroiliac periarticular,and sacral fractures were lower than those of CT reconstruction.The coincidence rate of CT reconstruction in the clinical classification of pelvic fractures was 100%,whereas 11 cases were misdiagnosed by X-ray;the total coincidence rate was 87.21%.The total excellent and good rates of postoperative reduction were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group(P<0.05).The wound healing,fracture healing,and hospitalization times were significantly shorter in the study group than in the control group(P<0.05).The VAS scores decreased in both groups postoperatively and were lower in the study group than in the control group(P<0.05).The total incidence of poor postoperative internal fixation was significantly lower in the study group than in the control group(P<0.05).The overall rate of postoperative functional recovery was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Multi-slice spiral CT has high guiding significance for the diagnosis,classification,and treatment of unstable pelvic fractures in the elderly.Preoperative 3D reconstruction can effectively shorten the operation time and promote fracture healing,while minimally invasive internal fixation can effectively reduce pain and promote functional recovery of fracture sites,making it worthy of clinical application.

Multi-slice spiral computed tomography in differential diagnosis of gastric stromal tumors and benign gastric polyps,and gastric stromal tumor risk stratification assessment

BACKGROUND The biological characteristics of gastric stromal tumors are complex,and their incidence has increased in recent years.Gastric stromal tumors(GST)have potential malignant tendencies,and the probability of transformation into malignant tumors is as high as 20%-30%.AIM To investigate the value of multi-slice spiral computed tomography(MSCT)in the differential diagnosis of GST and benign gastric polyps,and GST risk stratification assessment.METHODS We included 64 patients with GST(GST group)and 60 with benign gastric polyps(control group),confirmed by pathological examination after surgery in PLA General Hospital,from January 2016 to June 2021.The differences in the MSCT imaging characteristic parameters and enhanced CT values between the two groups before surgery were compared.According to the National Institutes of Health’s standard,GST is divided into low-and high-risk groups for MSCT imaging characteristic parameters and enhanced CT values.RESULTS The incidences of extraluminal growth,blurred boundaries,and ulceration in the GST group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The CT values and enhanced peak CT values in the arterial phase in the CST group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The MSCT differential diagnosis of GST and gastric polyp sensitivity,specificity,misdiagnosis rate,missed diagnosis rate,and areas under the curve(AUCs)were 73.44%,83.33%,26.56%,16.67%,0.784,respectively.The receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted with the arterial CT value and enhanced peak CT value,with a statistical difference.The results showed that the sensitivity,specificity,misdiagnosis rate,missed diagnosis rate,and AUC value of arterial CT in the differential diagnosis of GST and gastric polyps were 80.18%,62.20%,19.82%,37.80%,and 0.710,respectively.The sensitivity,specificity,misdiagnosis rate,missed diagnosis rate,and AUC value of the enhanced peak CT value in the differential diagnosis of GST and gastric polyps were 67.63%,60.40%,32.37%,39.60%,and 0.710,respectively.The incidence of blurred lesion boundaries and ulceration in the high-risk group was significantly higher than that in the low-risk group(P<0.05).The arterial phase and enhanced peak CT values in the high-risk group were significantly higher than those in the low-risk group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Presurgical MSCT examination has important value in the differential diagnosis of GST and gastric benign polyps and can effectively evaluate the risk grade of GST patients.

Three-dimensional computed tomography mapping of posterior malleolar fractures

BACKGROUND Posterior malleolar fractures have been reported to occur in<40%of ankle fractures.AIM To reveal the recurrent patterns and characteristics of posterior malleolar fractures by creating fracture maps of the posterior malleolar fractures through the use of computed tomography mapping.METHODS A consecutive series of posterior malleolar fractures was used to create threedimensional reconstruction images,which were oriented and superimposed to fit an ankle model template by both aligning specific biolandmarks and reducing reconstructed fracture fragments.Fracture lines were found and traced in order to generate an ankle fracture map.RESULTS This study involved 112 patients with a mean age of 49,comprising 32 pronationexternal rotation grade IV fractures and 80 supination-external rotation grade IV fractures according to the Lauge-Hansen classification system.Three-dimensional maps showed that the posterior ankle fracture fragments in the supinationexternal rotation grade IV group were relatively smaller than those in the pronation-external rotation grade IV group after posterior malleolus fracture.In addition,the distribution analyses on posterior malleolus fracture lines indicated that the supination-external rotation grade IV group tended to have higher linear density but more concentrated and orderly distribution fractures compared to the pronation-external rotation grade IV group.CONCLUSION Fracture maps revealed the fracture characteristics and recurrent patterns of posterior malleolar fractures,which might help to improve the understanding of ankle fracture as well as increase opportunities for follow-up research and aid clinical decision-making.

Evaluating the use of three-dimensional reconstruction visualization technology for precise laparoscopic resection in gastroesophageal junction cancer

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic gastrectomy for esophagogastric junction(EGJ)carcinoma enables the removal of the carcinoma at the junction between the stomach and esophagus while preserving the gastric function,thereby providing patients with better treatment outcomes and quality of life.Nonetheless,this surgical technique also presents some challenges and limitations.Therefore,three-dimensional reconstruction visualization technology(3D RVT)has been introduced into the procedure,providing doctors with more comprehensive and intuitive anatomical information that helps with surgical planning,navigation,and outcome evaluation.AIM To discuss the application and advantages of 3D RVT in precise laparoscopic resection of EGJ carcinomas.METHODS Data were obtained from the electronic or paper-based medical records at The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from January 2020 to June 2022.A total of 120 patients diagnosed with EGJ carcinoma were included in the study.Of these,68 underwent laparoscopic resection after computed tomography(CT)-enhanced scanning and were categorized into the 2D group,whereas 52 underwent laparoscopic resection after CT-enhanced scanning and 3D RVT and were categorized into the 3D group.This study had two outcome measures:the deviation between tumor-related factors(such as maximum tumor diameter and infiltration length)in 3D RVT and clinical reality,and surgical outcome indicators(such as operative time,intraoperative blood loss,number of lymph node dissections,R0 resection rate,postoperative hospital stay,postoperative gas discharge time,drainage tube removal time,and related complications)between the 2D and 3D groups.RESULTS Among patients included in the 3D group,27 had a maximum tumor diameter of less than 3 cm,whereas 25 had a diameter of 3 cm or more.In actual surgical observations,24 had a diameter of less than 3 cm,whereas 28 had a diameter of 3 cm or more.The findings were consistent between the two methods(χ^(2)=0.346,P=0.556),with a kappa consistency coefficient of 0.808.With respect to infiltration length,in the 3D group,23 patients had a length of less than 5 cm,whereas 29 had a length of 5 cm or more.In actual surgical observations,20 cases had a length of less than 5 cm,whereas 32 had a length of 5 cm or more.The findings were consistent between the two methods(χ^(2)=0.357,P=0.550),with a kappa consistency coefficient of 0.486.Pearson correlation analysis showed that the maximum tumor diameter and infiltration length measured using 3D RVT were positively correlated with clinical observations during surgery(r=0.814 and 0.490,both P<0.05).The 3D group had a shorter operative time(157.02±8.38 vs 183.16±23.87),less intraoperative blood loss(83.65±14.22 vs 110.94±22.05),and higher number of lymph node dissections(28.98±2.82 vs 23.56±2.77)and R0 resection rate(80.77%vs 61.64%)than the 2D group.Furthermore,the 3D group had shorter hospital stay[8(8,9)vs 13(14,16)],time to gas passage[3(3,4)vs 4(5,5)],and drainage tube removal time[4(4,5)vs 6(6,7)]than the 2D group.The complication rate was lower in the 3D group(11.54%)than in the 2D group(26.47%)(χ^(2)=4.106,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Using 3D RVT,doctors can gain a more comprehensive and intuitive understanding of the anatomy and related lesions of EGJ carcinomas,thus enabling more accurate surgical planning.

Validation of a novel imaging approach using multi-slice CT and cone-beam CT to follow-up on condylar remodeling after bimaxillary surgery

The main goal of this study was to introduce a novel three-dimensional procedure to objectively quantify both inner and outer condylar remodelling on preoperative multi-slice computed tomography （MSCT） and postoperative cone-beam computed tomography （CBCT） images. Second, the reliability and accuracy of this condylar volume quantification method was assessed. The mandibles of 20 patients （11 female and 9 male） who underwent bimaxillary surgery were semi-automatically extracted from MSCT/CBCT scans and rendered in 3D. The resulting condyles were spatially matched by using an anatomical landmark-based registration procedure. A standardized sphere was created around each condyle, and the condylar bone volume within this selected region of interest was automatically calculated. To investigate the reproducibility of the method, inter- and intra-observer reliability was calculated for assessments made by two experienced radiologists twice five months apart in a set of ten randomly selected patients. To test the accuracy of the bone segmentation, the inner and outer bone structures of one dry mandible, scanned according to the clinical set-up, were compared with the gold standard, micro-CT. Thirty-eight condyles showed a significant （P〈O.05） mean bone volume decrease of 26.4%_ 11.4% （502.9 mm3＋ 268.1 mm3）. No significant effects of side, sex or age were found. Good to excellent （ICC〉 0.6） intra- and inter-observer reliability was observed for both MSCT and CBCT. Moreover, the bone segmentation accuracy was less than one voxel （0.4 mm） for MSCT （0.3 mm __. 0.2 mm） and CBCT （0.4 mm _ 0.3 mm）, thus indicating the clinical potential of this method for objective follow-up in pathological condylar resorption.

Multi-Detector Row Computed Tomography Urography (MDCTU) in the Evaluation of Microscopic Hematuria in Adults

Multi-detector row computed tomography urography (MDCTU) becomes the imaging modality of choice for evaluation of the kidneys and urinary tract. The aim of this study was to discuss and illustrate the role of MDCTU, on a 32-row CT scanner in the evaluation a variety of entities that were frequently associated with microscopic hematuria in adults. This prospective cohort study was performed in the period of August 2013 to October 2014. Fifty positive participants to microscopic hematuria were examined at the radiology department of Alnilin Diagnostic Medical Center and Antalya Medical Center. Computed tomography urography (CTU) scanning was performed using two powerful performances, high speed multi-detector row on 32-row CT scanners (Siemens Healthcare Global, Somatom Emotion Duo Eco). Statistical analysis was done through the standard Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) version 15 for windows. MDCTU established the correct cause of microscopic hematuria in (44;88%) of participants. In (6;12%) of participants, no cause of hematuria was identified based on the standard of references. The causes of hematuria in (41;82%) participants were diseases in the upper urinary tract, while urinary bladder neoplasms (2;4%) and diverticulum (1;2%) were the causes of hematuria (3;6%) in the lower urinary tract. Thirty two-row MDCTU scanner demonstrated satisfactory results in the investigation of microscopic hematuria, being able to demonstrate a wide spectrum of diseases affecting the urinary tract is the main advantage of the technique.

Real-time in situ three-dimensional integral videography and surgical navigation using augmented reality: a pilot study

To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of a three-dimensional augmented reality system incorporating integral videography for imaging oral and maxillofacial regions, based on preoperative computed tomography data. Three-dimensional surface models of the jawbones, based on the computed tomography data, were used to create the integral videography images of a subject＇s maxillofacial area. The three-dimensional augmented reality system （integral videography display, computed tomography, a position tracker and a computer） was used to generate a three-dimensional overlay that was projected on the surgical site via a half-silvered mirror. Thereafter, a feasibility study was performed on a volunteer. The accuracy of this system was verified on a solid model while simulating bone resection. Positional registration was attained by identifying and tracking the patient/surgical instrument＇s position. Thus, integral videography images of jawbones, teeth and the surgical tool were superimposed in the correct position. Stereoscopic images viewed from various angles were accurately displayed. Change in the viewing angle did not negatively affect the surgeon＇s ability to simultaneously observe the three-dimensional images and the patient, without special glasses. The difference in three-dimensional position of each measuring point on the solid model and augmented reality navigation was almost negligible （〈1 mm）; this indicates that the system was highly accurate. This augmented reality system was highly accurate and effective for surgical navigation and for overlaying a three-dimensional computed tomography image on a patient＇s surgical area, enabling the surgeon to understand the positional relationship between the preoperative image and the actual surgical site, with the naked eye.

Diagnostic imaging:Morphological and eruptive disturbances in the permanent teeth

This paper reviewed the literature on newer threedimensional imaging techniques and their applications in diagnosis and treatment planning of various dental anomalies. Developmental anomalies can occur during any of the developmental stages and are manifested clinically after the tooth is fully formed. These dental anomalies may involve a single tooth, a group of teeth, or the entire dentition. Two-dimensional diagnosticimaging, including periapical, occlusal, panoramic, or cephalometric radiographs are essential in localization and management of morphological and eruptive disorders. However, due to their inherent limitations such as insufficient precision because of unusual projection errors and lack of information about spatial relationships, these methods are considered unreliable. Thus, the use of newer image acquisition techniques that allow comprehensive three dimensional imaging and visualization of dental abnormalities is highly recommended for making a confirmatory diagnosis. The significance of accurate endodontic, surgical and orthodontic treatment planning in dental abnormalities cannot be overstated as it pertains to critical anatomic landmarks such as proximity to adjacent teeth or the mandibular canal. The precise information on spatial relationships provided by multiplanar imaging helps the dental surgeon to establish more accurate diagnosis, management strategies and also increases the patient safety. This review highlights the use of high-end diagnostic imaging modalities in diagnosis of the various morphologic and eruptive dental abnormalities.

Prenatal Diagnosis of Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency Combining Ultrasound and Computer Tomography

Four cases of proximal femoral focal deficiency (PFFD) in an otherwise healthy infant are described. Antenatal diagnosis was made at 27, 23, 23 and 18 weeks of gestation by routine ultrasound (US) examination. Computer Tomography (CT) was performed after 30 weeks of gestation and confirmed the images obtained by US. The diagnosis was confirmed after delivery. These cases illustrate the importance of combining US and CT to improve accuracy of prenatal diagnosis of skeletal disorders.

CT与MRI在膝关节软骨损伤分级诊断中的效能分析

目的:探究CT与MRI在膝关节软骨损伤分级诊断中的效能。方法:回顾性选取我院2021年1月-2023年1月收治的80例膝关节软骨损伤患者为研究对象,对所有患者行CT、MRI和关节镜检查,通过关节镜检查的结果,评估二者的分级诊断效能,并比较CT与MRI在膝关节软骨损伤分级诊断中的诊断价值。结果:患者经CT检查诊断的分级结果为Ⅰ级28例,Ⅱ级34例,Ⅲ级及以上18例;经MRI检查诊断的分级结果为Ⅰ级31例,Ⅱ级29例,Ⅲ级及以上20例。与关节镜检查的结果对比,CT的分级诊断准确率为81.25%(65/80),MRI的分级诊断准确率为95.00%(76/80)。MRI检查诊断膝关节软骨损伤患者的Ⅰ级诊断准确率、总准确率要高于CT检查,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:CT与MRI均可对膝关节软骨损伤进行分级诊断,但MRI对膝关节软骨损伤分级的诊断准确率高于CT,具有更高的诊断效能。

准确影像定位在颈部食管腔外异物取出术的应用

目的分析颈部食管腔外异物的临床特点及准确影像定位在其诊断和治疗中的应用。方法回顾性分析2017年10月~2024年3月梅州市人民医院耳鼻咽喉科收治的10例颈部食管腔外异物患者,对颈胸部CT行多平面重建(multiplanar reconstruction,MPR),从横断位、冠状位、矢状位判断异物位置,选择合适的手术入路。结果10例颈部食管腔外异物,2例金属和1例木质异物为外伤进入颈部,7例鱼骨为误吞鱼骨迁移颈部。术前影像定位提示异物在环状软骨和甲状软骨周3例,甲状腺内1例,相对应颈椎周2例,胸锁乳突肌周2例,舌骨周2例。支撑喉镜下取出2例,经颈部切开入路取出7例,1例未取出转上级医院治疗。术中彩超协助定位3例。所有患者随访至今均痊愈。结论准确影像定位可为颈部食管腔外异物选择合适手术入路提供依据,术中若异物寻找困难,可借助术中彩超精确定位异物,为成功取出异物提供有力保障。

菌阴活动性肺结核的多层螺旋CT影像学特征及诊断模型构建

目的 分析菌阴活动性肺结核的多层螺旋CT(MSCT)影像学特征,并构建诊断模型。方法 选择2020年1月~2023年1月本院收治的肺部疾病患者1016例,按照临床诊断分为菌阴肺结核组(n=478)、非结核肺病组(n=538,其中肺癌200例、肺炎338例),均行MSCT检查,分析两组MSCT影像学特征,以Logistic回归分析明确菌阴活动性肺结核的诊断相关征象,构建菌阴活动性肺结核诊断模型,以ROC曲线下面积评估模型诊断效能。结果 两组间的树芽征、小叶中心结节、空洞、钙化、分叶征等MSCT征象差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示树芽征、小叶中心结节、空洞是菌阴活动性肺结核的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。根据Logistic回归获得联合诊断模型方程式:Log(P)=-1.256+1.455×树芽征+0.982×小叶中心结节+1.023×空洞,该模型曲线下面积为0.825,诊断敏感度、特异性分别为93.94%、70.97%。结论 以MSCT影像学特征构建的菌阴活动性肺结核诊断模型具有较高诊断价值,可为临床诊疗菌阴活动性肺结核提供可靠依据。

CT灌注联合MRI在急性脑梗缺血半暗带评估中的价值

目的:探究CT灌注联合MRI在急性脑梗缺血半暗带评估中的价值。方法:回顾性分析本院2020年1月—2022年1月收治的152例急性脑梗死患者的全脑CT灌注、MRI检查结果;分析其对急性脑梗缺血半暗带的评估价值。结果:急性脑梗死患者核心梗死区脑血容量(CBV)、脑血流量(CBF)较健侧对应区降低,平均通过时间(MTT)、达峰时间(TTP)较健侧对应区升高(P<0.05);缺血半暗带区与健侧对应区CBV差异不显著,CBF水平较健侧对应区降低,MTT、TTP水平较健侧对应区升高(P<0.05);缺血半暗带区CBV、CBF水平显著高于梗死核心区,MTT、TTP水平低于梗死核心区(P<0.05);急性脑梗死患者缺血半暗带与健侧对应区表观弥散系数(ADC)值比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),梗死核心区与健侧对应区ADC值比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但缺血半暗带区rADC值显著高于梗死核心区(P<0.05);CT灌注参数中诊断鉴别缺血半暗带最高AUC值、敏感度、特异度分别为0.992、97.37%、96.71%;MRI参数中鉴别诊断缺血半暗带的最高AUC值、敏感度、特异度分别为0.688、73.68%、56.58%;CT灌注参数联合MRI评估急性脑梗死缺血半暗带的AUC为0.999(0.986~1.000),约登指数0.980,临界值为0.238,敏感度、特异度分别为100.00%、98.03%。结论:采用CT灌注联合MRI评估急性脑梗死缺血半暗带效果良好,具有较好的敏感度与特异度,值得临床推广。

基于特定条件下头颅模体螺旋扫描与轴位扫描的图像质量和辐射剂量的对比研究

目的:探讨特定条件下头颅模体使用螺旋扫描与轴位扫描的图像质量和辐射剂量对比研究。方法:将头颅模体听眦线(OBL)位置进行标记,调整不同头颅仰角,分别设置OBL与床面呈90°、100°、110°和120°,使用轴扫与螺旋两种扫描模式,固定容积CT剂量指数(CTDI_(vol))为40、50和60 mGy进行24次图像采集。轴位扫描横断面与OBL垂直,螺旋扫描图像使用去螺旋伪影的图像质量增强(IQE)重建技术沿OBL方向重建。测量模体双侧小脑、颞叶、额叶及顶叶的CT值(HU)与标准差(SD),计算模体各脑叶图像信噪比(SNR)。记录图像CTDI_(vol)、剂量-长度乘积(DLP),计算眼晶体有效剂量(ED)。结果:两种扫描模式下模体颅脑横断位图像脑区的小脑与枕叶(R)、小脑与枕叶(L)、颞叶(R)、颞叶(L)、额叶(R)、额叶(L)、顶叶(R)和顶叶(L)信噪比比较,差异有统计学意义(F=6.48、5.83、7.00、6.20、7.30、8.26、5.72、5.83,P<0.05);两组扫描模式下图像的眼晶体DLP比较,差异有统计学意义(F=10.96,P<0.05)。使用螺旋扫描和IQE重建技术进行图像采集与处理,在相同CTDI_(vol)时螺旋扫描图像的SNR优于轴位扫描,且可进行冠、矢状位重建,晶状体辐射剂量相近,但DLP略高于轴扫,结论:在机器无法更改扫描角度或轴位扫描无法配合的情况下,使用螺旋扫描IQE重建技术可获得满意的头部CT断层图像。

肺癌椎体转移瘤影像学特征与原发灶组织学的相关性研究

目的 探讨肺癌椎体转移瘤患者CT、MRI影像特征与原发灶组织学类型的关系。方法 回顾性分析2019年1月-2022年12月收治的103例肺癌椎体转移瘤临床资料,其中腺癌37例、鳞癌31例、小细胞癌19例、大细胞癌16例,分析CT、MRI特征与原发灶组织学类型的关系。结果 103例肺癌椎体转移瘤受累椎体以胸椎多见(65例,63.11%),37例(35.92%)单节段转移,23例(22.33%)双节段转移,43例(41.75%)多节段转移。原发灶不同组织学类型患者椎体转移瘤部位、受累节段、椎体骨折、椎管受累、椎旁肿物、常规MRI信号表现、增强MRI强化特点、椎间盘膨出、腰椎退行性病变情况比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);鳞癌骨质改变类型以混合型为主,腺癌骨质改变类型以溶骨型、成骨型为主,鳞癌与腺癌骨质改变类型比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);小细胞癌出现脊髓受压、其他脏器转移患者多于腺癌、鳞癌、大细胞癌(P<0.05);腺癌、鳞癌有胸腔积液患者多于小细胞癌、大细胞癌(P<0.05)。结论 骨质改变类型、脊髓受压、其他脏器转移、胸腔积液情况与肺癌椎体转移患者原发灶组织学类型有关,腺癌和鳞癌患者更易发生椎体转移,采用CT、MRI检查可相互弥补,准确识别以上特征,可为临床判断原发灶组织学类型、筛选肺癌椎体转移高风险人群等提供参考。