An Information Entropy-Based Methodology to Construct the Avulsion Threshold in the Tail Reach of the Estuarine Alluvial Plain

Channel avulsion is a natural phenomenon that occurs abruptly on alluvial river deltas,which can affect the channel stability.The causes for avulsion could be generally categorized as topography-and flood-driven factors.However,previous studies on avulsion thresholds usually focused on topography-driven factors due to the centurial or millennial avulsion timescales of the world’s most deltas,but neglected the impacts of flood-driven factors.In the current study,a novel demarcation equation including the two driven factors was proposed,with the decadal timescale of avulsion being considered in the Yellow River Estuary(YRE).In order to quantify the contributions of different factors in each category,an entropy-based methodology was used to calculate the contributing weights of these factors.The factor with the highest weight in each category was then used to construct the demarcation equation,based on avulsion datasets associated with the YRE.An avulsion threshold was deduced according to the demarcation equation.This avulsion threshold was then applied to conduct the risk assessment of avulsion in the YRE.The results show that:two dominant factors cover respectively geomorphic coefficient representing the topography-driven factor and fluvial erosion intensity representing the flood-driven factor,which were thus employed to define a two dimensional mathematical space in which the demarcation equation can be obtained;the avulsion threshold derived from the equation was also applied in the risk assessment of avulsion;and the avulsion threshold proposed in this study is more accurate,as compared with the existing thresholds.

An Improved Double-Threshold Method Based on Gradient Histogram

This paper analyzes the characteristics of the output gradient histogram and shortages of several traditional automatic threshold methods in order to segment the gradient image better. Then an improved double-threshold method is proposed, which is combined with the method of maximum classes variance, estimating-area method and double-threshold method. This method can automatically select two different thresholds to segment gradient images. The computer simulation is performed on the traditional methods and this algorithm and proves that this method can get satisfying result. Key words gradient histogram image - threshold selection - double-threshold method - maximum classes variance method CLC number TP 391. 41 Foundation item: Supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (50099620) and the Project of Chenguang Plan in Wuhan (985003062)Biography: YANG Shen (1977-), female, Ph. D. candidate, research direction: multimedia information processing and network technology.

Mammogram Images Thresholding for Breast Cancer Detection Using Different Thresholding Methods

The purpose of this study is to apply different thresholding in mammogram images, and then we will determine which technique is the best in thresholding (extraction) malignant and benign tumors from the rest breast tissues. The used technique is Otsu method, because it is one of the most effective methods for most real world views with regard to uniformity and shape measures. Also, we present all the thresholding methods that used the concept of between class variance. We found from the experimental results that all the used thresholding techniques work well in detection normal breast tissues. But in abnormal tissues (breast tumors), we found that only neighborhood valley emphasis method gave best detection of malignant tumors. Also, the results demonstrate that variance and intensity contrast technique is the best in extraction the micro calcifications which represent the first signs of breast cancer.

Dual threshold search method for asperity boundary determination based on geodetic and seismic catalog data

As an important model for explaining the seismic rupture mode,the asperity model plays an important role in studying the stress accumulation of faults and the location of earthquake initiation.Taking Qilian-Haiyuan fault as an example,this paper combines geodetic method and b-value method to propose a multi-source observation data fusion detection method that accurately determines the asperity boundary named dual threshold search method.The method is based on the criterion that the b-value asperity boundary should be most consistent with the slip deficit rate asperity boundary.Then the optimal threshold combination of slip deficit rate and b-value is obtained through threshold search,which can be used to determine the boundary of the asperity.Based on this method,the study finds that there are four potential asperities on the Qilian-Haiyuan fault:two asperities(A1 and A2)are on the Tuolaishan segment and the other two asperities(B and C)are on Lenglongling segment and Jinqianghe segment,respectively.Among them,the lengths of asperities A1 and A2 on Tuolaishan segment are 17.0 km and 64.8 km,respectively.And the lower boundaries are 5.5 km and 15.5 km,respectively;The length of asperity B on Lenglongling segment is 70.7 km,and the lower boundary is 10.2 km.The length of asperity C on Jinqianghe segment is 42.3 km,and the lower boundary is 8.3 km.

Study on the critical stress threshold of weakly cemented sandstone damage based on the renormalization group method

During the microstructural analysis of weakly cemented sandstone,the granule components and ductile structural parts of the sandstone are typically generalized.Considering the contact between granules in the microstructure of weakly cemented sandstone,three basic units can be determined:regular tetrahedra,regular hexahedra,and regular octahedra.Renormalization group models with granule-and pore-centered weakly cemented sandstone were established,and,according to the renormalization group transformation rule,the critical stress threshold of damage was calculated.The results show that the renormalization model using regular octahedra as the basic units has the highest critical stress threshold.The threshold obtained by iterative calculations of the granule-centered model is smaller than that obtained by the pore-centered model.The granule-centered calculation provides the lower limit(18.12%),and the pore-centered model provides the upper limit(36.36%).Within this range,the weakly cemented sandstone is in a phase-like critical state.That is,the state of granule aggregation transforms from continuous to discrete.In the relative stress range of 18.12%-36.36%,the weakly cemented sandstone exhibits an increased proportion of high-frequency signals(by 83.3%)and a decreased proportion of low-frequency signals(by 23.6%).The renormalization calculation results for weakly cemented sandstone explain the high-low frequency conversion of acoustic emission signals during loading.The research reported in this paper has important significance for elucidating the damage mechanism of weakly cemented sandstone.

A New Regularized Minimum Error Thresholding Method

To overcome the shortcoming that the traditional minimum error threshold method can obtain satisfactory image segmentation results only when the object and background of the image strictly obey a certain type of probability distribution,one proposes the regularized minimum error threshold method and treats the traditional minimum error threshold method as its special case.Then one constructs the discrete probability distribution by using the separation between segmentation threshold and the average gray-scale values of the object and background of the image so as to compute the information energy of the probability distribution.The impact of the regularized parameter selection on the optimal segmentation threshold of the regularized minimum error threshold method is investigated.To verify the effectiveness of the proposed regularized minimum error threshold method,one selects typical grey-scale images and performs segmentation tests.The segmentation results obtained by the regularized minimum error threshold method are compared with those obtained with the traditional minimum error threshold method.The segmentation results and their analysis show that the regularized minimum error threshold method is feasible and produces more satisfactory segmentation results than the minimum error threshold method.It does not exert much impact on object acquisition in case of the addition of a certain noise to an image.Therefore,the method can meet the requirements for extracting a real object in the noisy environment.

Extraction of LUCC with different methods and threshold value

The research of land use and land cover (LUCC) is an important aspect in the global change research. The goal of this study is to find methods of extraction of LUCC’s change outlined and change type from remotely sensed data. Take the country of Fengxian in Shanghai as an example, it was supposed two steps to finish extraction of LUCC information: the first step was to use different methods, which is used to outline change areas; the second step include methods of false composing of two-temporal and threshold value. Through combining two methods, a model rule is built and the LUCC product is obtained, four kinds of change type within the study area are given, and the results are obvious. Finally, the results support the application of the high resolution image and tasseled cap composition (greenness and wetness) in the specific regional too.

Tactile sensitivity in ultrasonic haptics: Do different parts of hand and different rendering methods have an impact on perceptual threshold?

Background Ultrasonic tactile representation utilizes focused ultrasound to create tactile sensations on the bare skin of a user's hand that is not in contact with a device.This study is a preliminary investigation on whether different ultrasonic haptic rendering methods have an impact on the perceptual threshold.Methods This study conducted experiments with the adaptive step method to obtain participants'perceptual thresholds.We examine(1)whether different parts on the palm of the hand have different perceptual thresholds;(2)whether the perceptual threshold is different when the ultrasonic focus point is stationary and when it moves in different trajectories;(3)whether different moving speeds of the ultrasonic focus point have an influence on the perceptual threshold;and(4)whether the addition of a DC offset to the modulating wave has an impact on the perceptual threshold.Results The results show that the center of the palm is more sensitive to ultrasonic haptics than the fingertip;compared with a fast-moving focus point,the palm is more sensitive to a stationary and slow-moving focus point.When the modulating wave has a DC offset,the palm is sensitive to a much smaller modulation amplitude.Conclusion For the future ultrasonic tactile representation systems,dynamic adjustment of intensity is required to compensate the difference in perceptual thresholds under different rendering methods to achieve more realistic ultrasonic haptics.

星载微波部件微放电阈值的改进多粒子蒙特卡罗计算方法

星载微波部件的微放电效应是导致航天器谐振类设备失谐、噪声电平抬高、输出功率下降,甚至影响通信信道乃至整个微波传输系统彻底失效的瓶颈问题之一。在设计阶段对星载微波部件微放电效应进行精准的评估是减少地面反复试验,避免延误研制周期的重要手段。为了进一步改善现有蒙特卡洛方法的计算准确度问题,文中提出了一种精度更高的计算星载微波部件微放电阈值的蒙特卡罗方法,该方法对参与微放电过程的初始电子进行了动态调整,采用四阶龙格-库塔法推进微波部件中电子的运动轨迹,基于Furman模型描述电子与微波表面相互作用的二次电子发射过程,按照碰撞电子产生的实际二次电子个数及对应能量参与碰撞时刻后的微放电过程,该多粒子-多碰撞过程更加客观、准确地表征了微放电效应发生的物理过程。以平板传输线和同轴传输线为例,文中所提出的方法相对于已有的蒙特卡罗方法计算精度显著提升,同时计算效率优于商用CST的粒子模拟结果。

山洪灾害雨量预警指标分析方法评述与展望

山洪灾害预警指标是山洪灾害预报预警的核心,我国现阶段主要采用经验法和水位流量反推法确定雨量预警指标,并逐步推广应用复合预警指标法和动态临界雨量法。在系统阐述国内外常用雨量预警指标分析方法及其特点基础上,针对山洪灾害预警指标分析中需考虑的降雨时空分布变化、高含砂水流、泥石流及其他不确定因素影响问题,提出今后雨量预警指标研究方向。

恒静载降K法测定焊缝疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值研究

焊接残余拉应力会显著降低焊接接头疲劳性能,因此,焊接结构疲劳寿命评估参数的测定应对焊接残余应力予以充分考虑.为测得考虑焊接残余应力影响条件下的疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值,本文提出通过设定恒定平均外载以等效残余应力作用,进而逐级降低裂尖应力强度因子范围(ΔK)测得焊缝疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值的方法,即恒静载降K法.通过与ASTM E647-15等标准推荐测试方法所得结果对比,探究了恒静载降K法测量值适用性;通过扫描电镜(SEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)等手段观察,对比分析了不同测量方法近门槛值载荷下的裂尖材料疲劳断口和变形行为.结果表明:采用恒静载降K法测量焊缝疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值最低,采用恒最大应力强度因子(K_(max))降载法的测量值次之,采用恒应力比(R)降载法的测量值最高.对比不同裂纹尖端K_(max)设定对门槛值测量的影响,发现随着K_(max)增大,门槛值测量值先快速下降,随后趋于平稳;采用恒静载降K法测定过程中K_(max)呈逐渐上升趋势,相应的门槛值测量值最低.疲劳断口显示,随着外加平均载荷增大,在近门槛值阶段断口形貌由疲劳辉纹转变为微区解理断裂;基于EBSD表征计算的裂尖材料几何必需位错密度表明,随着近门槛值外载的平均载荷增大,裂纹尖端位错密度增加.

农业农村数字化对农户增收的影响机制研究

【目的】农业农村数字化是推动乡村振兴、建设农业强国的必由之路,对农户增收具有显著的赋能效应。构建农业农村数字化的综合评价体系,实证探究农业农村数字化的增收效应及作用机制,为缓解“数字鸿沟”难题、保障农业农村数字经济高质量发展提供政策启示。【方法】选取2011—2020年我国31个省(区)面板数据,运用熵权TOPSIS法对农业农村数字化水平进行测算,然后使用固定效应、中介效应考察数字化对农户增收的影响及作用机制,采用门槛模型探究数字化与农户增收之间的门槛效应。【结果】(1)农业农村数字化对农户增收有显著的促进作用,数字化水平每增加1%单位,农户收入平均增长57.4元;正向效应在东部地区较为显著,但在中部地区表现为抑制、西部地区促进效应并不明显,表明存在“数字鸿沟”;(2)农业农村数字化通过促进农户兼业发展、加速土地流转、提高农户融资概率、促进农产品销售等途径作用于农户收入增长;(3)数字普惠金融在农业农村数字化与农户增收之间存在显著的双重门槛效应,第一门槛值为33.401,第二门槛值为148.370。随着阈值区间的提高,农业农村数字化对农户收入增长呈现出先抑制后促进的“正U型”关系。【结论】农业农村数字化能够有效促进农户增收,但“数字鸿沟”困境仍然存在;提出加强数字化基础设施建设、提供农业数字化培训和教育、促进农村数字普惠金融发展、制定区域差异化的数字化发展策略等政策启示,以促进农户增收。

数字经济发展、FDI与碳排放强度

促进经济低碳转型和构建双循环发展格局是我国当前面临的重大焦点问题.作为助推经济发展的重要引擎,数字经济能否促进低碳发展?基于2011—2020年中国30个省份面板数据从投入、产出角度测度数字经济发展水平,运用Tobit模型和门槛模型实证研究数字经济发展对碳排放强度的影响及FDI对上述关系的调节作用.研究表明:数字经济发展对碳排放强度有显著抑制作用,且FDI增强了数字经济发展的降碳效应;数字经济发展与FDI对碳排放强度均存在单一门槛效应.本文为理解数字经济的碳排放影响提供了新的分析视角,也为促进经济社会发展全面绿色转型、构建双循环新发展格局提供了政策启示.

数字经济、文化距离与中国文化产品出口——基于39个贸易伙伴国的实证研究

本文基于2010~2021年中国与39个主要文化贸易伙伴国的面板数据,构建扩展的贸易引力模型,利用动态系统广义矩估计以及门槛面板回归的方法,实证分析数字经济与文化距离对文化产品出口的影响。研究发现:(1)数字经济对中国文化产品出口具有显著的促进作用,而文化距离则具有反向抑制作用;(2)异质性分析显示数字经济对不同类别文化产品出口的促进作用有所差异,其中对音像和交互媒体类文化产品促进作用最大,对书籍和报刊类文化产品影响不显著;(3)门槛面板分析显示,当中国与贸易伙伴国之间的文化距离超过门槛值后,数字经济对文化产品出口的促进作用由显著促进变为不显著促进。基于此,本文提出利用数字技术赋能文化贸易发展、突破文化距离限制、优化文化产品出口结构、提高数字贸易规则制定的话语权等若干建议。

基于两步迭代收缩法的多稀疏空间图像快速重构方法

由于多稀疏空间图像重构时,像素范围选取过大、峰值信噪比低以及重构时间长,导致图像重构方法存在重构效果差的问题,提出基于两步迭代收缩法的多稀疏空间图像快速重构方法。明确多稀疏空间图像重构存在的问题,在明确问题后,以迭代收缩阈值算法为基础,引入迭代加权收缩算法,结合每一轮迭代结果作为初值,完成图像重构的两步迭代收缩法设计,实现多稀疏空间图像快速重构。实验结果表明:应用该方法后的重构多稀疏空间图像峰值信噪比达到37.9 dB以上,图像重构时间仅为16.0 ms,图像结构相似性达到了0.98以上,并且重构多稀疏空间图像的效果更好,经过实验分析证实了所提方法具备可行性。

遥感影像水体识别研究进展及热点分析

洪涝灾害是严重危害人类社会发展的自然灾害之一,从遥感影像中准确识别水体信息对提升突发洪涝灾害事件的应急处理、灾害预警具有重要意义,一直受到专家学者的关注。针对国内外专家学者利用遥感影像进行水体识别的相关研究成果,文章从传统方法以及深度学习法两大方面,对前人提出的水体识别理论和方法进行分析研究;在此基础上,利用文献计量的方法对水体识别当前的研究热点进行梳理分析,针对现存问题和当前热点对基于遥感影像的水体识别未来发展趋势进行了展望。

基于动态阈值分割法的接触轨图像关键特征点提取方法研究

在地铁系统中,接触轨的状态对于牵引供电系统的安全性至关重要,一旦接触轨几何参数超出正常范围,不仅会导致集电靴无法正常取流,进而影响运营车辆的顺畅运行,而且在极端情况下,还可能引发严重的安全事故。传统的接触轨几何参数测量方法在采集图像时通常面临背景复杂、干扰图像多等问题,以致检测数据量少、检测密度低,从而难以精确提取接触轨的关键特征信息。针对这一问题,文章提出一种新的方法,即结合动态阈值分割法、直线拟合以及投影计算的方式,有效解决接触轨特征点提取的难点,实现几何参数的精确测量。该方法不仅能够准确捕捉到接触轨的细微变化,还能够确保测量结果的可靠性和准确性。为进一步提高测量的便捷性和实用性,研究过程中同步研制出一套接触轨几何参数的便携式测量装置,并在地铁线路上进行现场应用示范,为实际运营中的接触轨状态监测提供有力的技术支持。

基于分形特征和阈值分析的图像边缘检测

针对传统的边缘检测算法对噪声敏感且伪边缘较多,提出一种基于分形特征和阈值分析的图像边缘检测方法。该方法利用改进的毯覆盖算法计算出图像的分形特征,将图像的灰度分布映射到分形维数空间上,再根据提取的分形特征图进行阈值分析,获得高低两个阈值,将像素值分为非边缘、弱边缘和强边缘3类,再对弱边缘像素进一步加以判断。实验结果与其他算法相比较表明,该算法检测出来的图像边缘伪边缘和噪声最少。

两类阈值法识别的东江流域水文干旱形成与演化过程差异

基于东江流域上、下游控制断面龙川站和博罗站1956—2010年逐月流量及流域内枫树坝、新丰江和白盆珠水库逐月入库和出库流量数据,采用水库调控流量还原法,结合动态阈值法和固定阈值法识别水文干旱,系统分析了两类阈值法识别的水文干旱形成与演化过程的差异及其对大型水库调控的响应规律。结果表明:两类阈值法针对的干旱本底概念不同,识别的水文干旱年内分布和干旱开始、峰值和终止月份差异显著;动态阈值法识别的水文干旱在年内各月均匀分布,固定阈值法识别的水文干旱集中分布在枯水季(10月至次年3月),干旱峰值多出现在11月至次年2月,干旱终止月份以汛前期3、4月为主,干旱开始、峰值和终止月份与研究区水文丰枯转换月份较吻合;两类阈值法均能较好地表征水文干旱的发展和恢复过程及其对大型水库调控的响应特征,即水库调控在缩短干旱历时、降低干旱烈度、延后水文干旱开始和峰值月份以及提前干旱终止月份等方面发挥重要作用。

一种改进Canny算子的图像边缘检测算法

在移动机器人自主作业时,环境中往往存在障碍物,路径规划避障时要进行动态目标检测.Canny边缘检测算法可以与众多动态目标检测算法相结合,提高目标检测的效果.但是传统Canny边缘检测存在着自适应性不强,边缘检测可能不连续,或者检测虚假边缘的现象.本文提出了一种优化Canny边缘检测算法,通过改进的自适应中值滤波来预处理图像,对算法效率及对噪声点的处理做出了优化,紧接着增加梯度计算方向,最后结合改进的大津阈值分割法,提出了三阈值分割法代替原始的阈值分割法使图像边缘信息更加完整准确.仿真结果表明,该算法在边缘检测准确率上对比传统Canny边缘检测,Sobel算子与较新改进算法均有20%左右的提升,该算法优化了传统算法检测的连续性和准确率.