Acute Coronary Syndrome of Young Subjects at the Luxembourg Mother-Child University Hospital in Bamako

Introduction: Acute coronary syndrome is often the first event of coronary disease of young subjects. Objective: To study sociodemographic, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of acute coronary syndrome of young subjects. Patients and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study with prospective recruitment from October 01, 2020 to March 31, 2022. Were included all patients admitted for acute coronary syndrome whose age was less or equal to 45 years and who had undergone coronary angiography at the Mother-Child University Hospital on Luxembourg from Bamako. Results: During the study period, we collected 60 patient files out of 198. These 60 patient files met our inclusion criteria. Hospital frequency was 30.30%. Average age of patients was 40.43 ± 3.9 years. Sex ratio M/F was 5.3. Main cardiovascular risk factor was smoking tobacco (23.42%), followed by dyslipidemia (13.92%). Functional signs were dominated by angina 62% followed by dyspnea 25.3%. Persistent ST-segment elevation on electrocardiogram was present in 76.4%. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction was present in 26.5%. Time to first medical contact was more than 12 hours in 62.7% of cases. Radial approach was adopted in 94% of cases. Coronary angiography was pathological in 85% (n = 51) of cases. Lesions were single-vessel disease in 47.1% and culprit artery was anterior interventricular in 51% of cases. Dual anti-platelet aggregation was aspirin and ticagrelor in 91.8% of cases. Angioplasty was performed in all patients who had significant abnormalities at coronary angiography. In-hospital mortality was 3.9%. Conclusion: Acute coronary syndromes exist in young Africans with a male predominance. Main cardiovascular risk factor is smoking tobacco. Coronary lesions are single vessel disease in the majority of case. Most of patients meet medical team after 12 hours. Time to first medical contact is a main challenge in our country.

The Reasons for Admission of Elderly Subjects in Intensive Care at the CHU Ignace Deen

Objective: To determine the reasons for admission of elderly subjects and the prognosis in general intensive care. Patients and Methods: Observational descriptive and analytical study with prospective collection of data over a period of one year from January 1 to December 31, 2021. Patients aged 65 or over were included. Abstract: During the study period, 223 cases were collected out of 587 patients admitted, giving a prevalence of 37.9%. The average age was 74.127.39 ± years with extremes of 65 and 96 years and a male predominance (58.7%). The comorbidities were dominated by arterial hypertension (71.3%). The patients were: transferred from medical and surgical emergencies (75.8%). The average admission time was 48.8 ± 29.8 hours. One hundred and eight patients had a Glasgow score between 3 and 7. The reasons for admission were dominated by vascular causes (51.6%). Strokes of any type accounted for 43.9% of these reasons for admission. The average time for carrying out the biological assessments and imaging was 41.8 ± 27.3 hours with the extremes of 3 and 89 hours, 37.2% had a complete assessment within 24 hours. The average duration of hospitalization was 7.10 ± 8.87 days with extremes of 1 and 72 days. The mortality rate was 71.7%. Conclusion: This study has made it possible to take stock of the reasons for the admission of elderly subjects to intensive care. It appears that vascular causes are the main reasons for admission with heavy comorbidities which results in high mortality.

Achieve Intended Learning Outcomes and Improving Digital Literacy Skills for Practical-Based Subjects Using Online Teaching via Propagation of OER Materials

As professors are subjected to teaching their classes online due to the recent COVID-19, our local Hong Kong students find it difficult to consult their teachers, and ultimately would fail to achieve the intended learning outcomes, especially for practical-based subjects. In this research, students having online classes of a practical-based fabric design subject were encouraged to self-study from Open Educational Resource (OER) materials for a further and better understanding of their subject. Additionally, online materials were developed to improve students’ understanding via skill of digital literacy. Their learning progress was evaluated and compared to the face-to-face version. The majority of students found online classes combined with self-studying OER materials, potentially be a substitute for face-to-face classes. Most of the students further opined different OER videos assisted them without any face-to-face instructions in practical works, to develop new fabric samples from the inspiration. Analysis of test results, and comparison of students’ final grades with different learning modes, supported these phenomena.

New Moral Subjects: Walking the Line Between Autonomy and Automaton

The question of“new moral subjects”arises today in connection with the use of advanced technologies in the context of Industry 4.0,i.e.,the industrial enterprise investing in smart factories,co-robotic,additive manufacturing,augmented reality,cyber security,big data,etc.Industry 4.0 underpins what is being heralded as Industry 5.0.Technologies in this field excel in that they are not used for the mere execution of processes designed,programmed,and controlled by man,but are applied to realise“autonomously”goals in the industrial context.Consequently,their degree of automation is no longer defined by increasing independence from human beings,but by the ability to spontaneously initiate a process and implement it to useful effect.The comparison between man and machine,and the justification for the introduction of“new moral subjects”thus crucially depend on the location of“moral being”in the reference to their“autonomy”as a property characterising the“subject man”,but not the exclusive prerogative of the latter.

Relationship Between Individuals’Epidemic Risk Perception Within Living Space and Subjective Well-Being:Empirical Evidence from China after the First Wave of COVID-19

It is common to observe the epidemic risk perception(ERP)and a decline in subjective well-being(SWB)in the context of public health events,such as Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19).However,there have been few studies exploring the impact of individuals’ERP within living space on their SWB,especially from a geographical and daily activity perspective after the resumption of work and other activities following a wave of the pandemic.In this paper,we conducted a study with 789 participants in urban China,measuring their ERP within living space and examining its influence on their SWB using path analysis.The results indicated that individuals’ERP within their living space had a significant negative effect on their SWB.The density of certain types of facilities within their living space,such as bus stops,subway stations,restaurants,fast food shops,convenience shops,hospitals,and public toilets,had a significantly negative impact on their SWB,mediated by their ERP within living space.Additionally,participation in out-of-home work and other activities not only increased individuals’ERP within living space,but also strengthened its negative effect on their SWB.

Exploring the Dual Subjectivity of Kindergarten's Self-made Play and Teaching Aids Activities from the Perspective of Children's Play Development in China

The joint development of teachers and young children is the basis for promoting the development of high-quality preschool education in the new era,and encouraging early childhood teachers to make playthings according to local conditions is both the fine tradition of China's early childhood education and the direct orientation of China's preschool education policy.Homemade play and teaching aids are some of the methods often used in kindergartens,which skillfully combine young children's daily life objects with toys and early childhood teaching,not only enriching the collective activities of young children but also cultivating children's abilities in various aspects.Kindergarten homemade"play and teaching aids"for early childhood teachers and children have their special educational significance and value,therefore,this paper is based on the children and teachers double subject basis,discussing the homemade"play and teaching aids"for children and teachers of the double subject meanings,and puts forward the realization of the This paper discusses the double-subjective meaning of homemade teaching aids for children and teachers on the basis of the double-subjective foundation of children and teachers,and puts forward specific suggestions for realizing the double-subjectivity of kindergarten homemade teaching aids to enrich the theoretical value and practical significance of homemade teaching aids,to provide theoretical references and support for the relevant staff.

教材心理化? 杜威作品中译本对“subject matter”的误译及其影响

把subject matter译作“教材”,使之对等于教学过程中使用的包括教科书在内的各类教学材料,是杜威作品中译本中反复出现的一个译法。通过对杜威作品的中、英文本进行相关比对,可知这是一个误译。在杜威作品中,subject matter指的是“学科内容”,是各门学科提供的事实和法则,不是教学过程中使用的教科书等教材。“教材心理化”这个中文表达,是subject matter误译的一个直接结果。对这一中文表达的内涵与影响的考察,进一步印证了上述研究发现。Subject matter是杜威反复提及的一个概念,是联系其教育哲学与哲学重建工作的关键词。对subject matter的误译,造成了有关杜威理论的一系列误解。

基于语料库的SUBJECT TO,PURSUANT TO,IN ACCORDANCE WITH语义韵对比研究

合同文本中,subject to、pursuant to、in accordance with常用作同义/近义词表达当事人行事之依据,多被翻译成“根据”,但实际上三者的搭配和使用语境大有差异。该文在自建合同语料库的基础上,以数据驱动的研究方法,以三者为节点词,考察其搭配行为、语义倾向和语义韵。研究发现,三者虽为近义词,但实际使用中搭配、语义倾向和语义韵均存在明显差异:subject to多与权力授权、行为约束类语义范畴词语搭配,积极、中性和消极语义韵俱全,以中性居多,但与消极涵义搭配词共现的频数显著高于其他两词;pursuant to多与“具体条款+编号”搭配,in accordance with较多与法规、规则规范类词语搭配,二者都表现出极低的消极语义韵,前者带有一定的积极语义韵强度,后者中性语义韵占绝对地位。

Age related changes of the central lamina cribrosa thickness, depth and prelaminar tissue in healthy Chinese subjects

AIM： To investigate the variation in the central lamina cribrosa thickness（cLCT）, and the central anterior lamina cribrosa surface depth（cALCSD）, as well as the central prelaminar tissue thickness（cPLTT） related to age in healthy Chinese subjects.METHODS： A total of 96 eyes from 96 Chinese healthy subjects were recruited. According to age, the 96 cases were divided into three groups： the young group（YG, 18-39 y）, middle-age group（MG, 40-59 y） and older-age group（OG, 60 y and above）. Lamina cribrosa images were obtained from all participants using radial linear protocol by enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. The cLCT, cALCSD and cPLTT were calculated from the average value of the lamina cribrosa thickness, anterior lamina cribrosa surface depth and prelaminar tissue thickness in the optic nerve head（ONH） centre point and paracentral points（150 μm from the centre point in the horizontal and vertical directions）. RESULTS： For the total subjects, the mean cLCT, c ALCSD and cPLTT were 235.18±41.27, 358.02±93.80 and 182.02±92.11 μm, respectively. No statistically significant differences in cLCT, cALCSD or cPLTT were found between gender and different eyes（P=0.27-0.92）. The cLCT of the OG was the thickest among the three groups, while the c PLTT of the YG was the thickest among the three groups（P〈0.05）. Age was positively correlated with cLCT（r=0.42, P〈0.001）, and negatively correlated with cPLTT（r=-0.24, P=0.02）. No significant correlation was found between the age and cALCSD（r=-0.06, P=0.55）. And no correlation has been found between axial length and cLCT, cALCSD and c PLTT（P=0.11-0.81）.CONCLUSION： The impact of age on the cLCT and the cPLLTT should be taken into account when analysing glaucoma and other diseases related to lamina cribrosa.

Fractal analysis of retinal vasculature in normal subjects on ultra-wide field fluorescein angiography

AIM: To evaluate the fractal feature of the retinal vasculature of normal eyes on a stereographic projected and montaged ultra-wide field(UWF) fluorescein angiography(FA).METHODS: Prospective, observational, cross-sectional study. Totally 59 eyes of 31 normal subjects were imaged using the Optos 200 Tx. Images obtained at different gaze angles stereographically projected and montaged. The early-phase UWF FA frames were processed to segment the retinal vasculature and the results were exported as binary masks. The fractal dimension(FD) was calculated using the box-counting method.RESULTS: The global FD for the entire retina was 1.6±0.04, with no difference between males and females(1.59±0.04 vs 1.61±0.04, P=0.084) or between right and left eyes(1.6±0.04 vs 1.6±0.05, P=0.61). FD was nonuniformly distributed among four quadrants(P<0.001) and decreased as the distance from the fovea increased(P<0.001). A negative association was observed between FD and age(R=-0.37, P=0.006), and this relationship was observed in the posterior and mid-peripheral retina(P<0.05) but absent in far-periphery(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Fractal geometry is non-uniformly distributed across the retina in normal eyes and decreases from the fovea to the far-periphery. Subjects with an older age tend to have a smaller FD, however, the FD in the farperiphery does not appear to be influenced by age.

Morphometric Analysis of the Brain Ventricles in Normal Subjects Using Computerized Tomography

Background and Aim: As ageing advances, the human brain undergoes many gross and histopathological changes with regression of the brain tissue leading to the enlargement of the ventricles. Knowledge of morphometric and size of normal ventricular system of brain is important to understand these changes. Methods: For the present perspective study, computerized tomography (CT) for 152 patients (Male-89 and Females-63) were studied for the measurements of fourth ventricle, third ventricle and lateral ventricle and it was statistically analyzed. Results: The anteroposterior extent of the body of the lateral ventricles on the right side was 74.89 + 9.86 mm and 70.06 + 8.83 mm in the males and females and on the left side was 74.89 + 9.89 mm and 69.56 + 11.42 mm in the males and females;the length of the frontal horns on the right side was 28.53 + 3.88 mm and 26.16 + 4.21 mm in the males and females and on the left side was 28.53 + 3.88mm and 26.17 + 4.237 mm in the males and females respectively. The width and height of the fourth ventricle were 12.54 + 1.90 mm and 9.66 + 2.12 in the males and 11.60 + 2.099 mm and 9.70 + 2.219 in the females respectively. The width of the third ventricle was 5.70 + 1.54 mm and 5.40 + 1.68 mm in the males and females respectively. Conclusion: The present study has defined the morphometric measurements of the lateral ventricles, third ventricle, and fourth ventricle of the brain which has clinical correlations in diagnosis and for further line of treatment.

Study on Ecological Compensation Policy among the Micro Subjects on Water Energy Resources Development

The subjects of ecological compensation involve the nation, society, development enterprises of wa-ter-energy resources, as well as the location of resource itself. This paper systematically studies on how to make “water energy sources market compensation policy”, “the economic compensation policy for relevant interest subjects” and “the ecological compensation policy of basin ecological water.” So, it is necessary to exert the complementary function between market compensation and government compensation by the means of economic compensation and to establish the ecological compensation policy of basin ecological water, which is beneficial to coordinating the stakeholders’ interests of cross-region or inter-basin. And it is important and significant to establish constantly perfected ecological compensation policy among the micro subjects on water energy resources development, so as to coordinate interest relationships among various subjects and finally reach the aim of sustainable use of water energy resources and environmental protection as possible.

Illegal Logging and Related Trade: Who Combat It as Legal Subjects?

Issue on illegal logging and related trade is a hot topic for the international community. It has brought the negative effects to the sustainable development on global society, economy and ecology, which is also one of the main objectives of international cooperation to combat with. At present, subjects of international law play a decisive role in combating illegal logging and related trade. The subjects of international law generally refer to states, intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) and part of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), which can have an independent international legal personality, enjoy rights and assume obligations of international law. As a responsible big country of the international community and state member of intergovernmental organizations and international treaties of forest resources protection, China ought to fully perform the obligations of international law. In face of illegal logging and related trade around the world, China should rationally tackle with it, resolutely crack down on it, and finally choose the sustainable development strategy based on rule of law.

Impact of related subjects' behavior on agricultural products' quality safety

With the frequent occurrence of agricultural product safety incidents in recent years, the agricultural products' quality safety has become more and more concerned by the people. The relevant subjects are the direct relationship with the quality safety of agricultural products, and play a key role in ensuring the quality safety of agricultural products. This paper analyzes the behavior performance of production subject, circulation subject, consumption subject, supervision subject on agricultural products' quality safety, and puts forward the following countermeasures to improve the quality safety of agricultural products according to their behavior performance: to regulate the production of agricultural products, to strengthen the management and control agricultural inputs, to improve the safety supervision system of agricultural products, to accelerate the development of new circulation subject, to actively cultivate and develop new types agricultural business, to accelerate the process of agricultural scale management, to establish the multiple supervision subject, and to make up the regulatory loopholes.

Comparison of point and two-dimensional shear wave elastography of the spleen in healthy subjects

BACKGROUND Few systematic comparative studies of the different methods of physical elastography of the spleen are currently available.AIM To compare point shear wave and two-dimensional elastography of the spleen considering the anatomical location(upper,hilar,and lower pole).METHODS As part of a prospective clinical study,healthy volunteers were examined for splenic elasticity using four different ultrasound devices between May 2015 and April 2017.The devices used for point shear wave elastography were from Siemens(S 3000)and Philips(Epiq 7),and those used for two-dimensional shear wave elastography were from GE(Logiq E9)and Toshiba(Aplio 500).In addition,two different software versions(5.0 and 6.0)were evaluated for the Toshiba ultrasound device(Aplio 500).The study consisted of three arms:A,B,and C.RESULTS In study arm A,200 subjects were evaluated(78 males and 122 females,mean age 27.9±8.1 years).In study arm B,113 subjects were evaluated(38 men and 75 women,mean age 26.0±6.3 years).In study arm C,44 subjects were enrolled.A significant correlation of the shear wave velocities at the upper third of the spleen(r=0.33088,P<0.0001)was demonstrated only for the Philips Epiq 7 device compared to the Siemens Acuson S 3000.In comparisons of the other ultrasound devices(GE,Siemens,Toshiba),no comparable results could be obtained for any anatomical position of the spleen.The influencing factors age,gender,and body mass index did not show a clear correlation with the measured shear wave velocities.CONCLUSION The absolute values of the shear wave elastography measurements of the spleen and the two different elastography methods are not comparable between different manufacturers or models.

Clinical use of low-dose aspirin for elders and sensitive subjects

The use of low-dose aspirin(LDA)has been a common preventive measure to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events.This is attributed to aspirin’s ability to inhibit platelet activation.On the other hand,the use of LDA in human subjects has been associated with the development of gastrointestinal injuries like ulcer and bleeding,especially for those sensitive subjects such as elder human subjects.This opinion review will summarize the recent clinical reports regarding the use of LDA and the development of gastrointestinal conditions in China.Based on these reports,it seems that the use of LDA is commonly associated with gastrointestinal injuries,and stopping its use leads to recovery in elderly subjects.Therefore,we would like to suggest that gastroduodenal health and conditions should be seriously taken into consideration when LDA is recommended to the elderly,or other alternative means to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events such as nutritional interventions should be suggested.

Suppression of Radioactive Strontium Absorption by Sodium Alginate in Animals and Human Subjects

The effect of 23 sodium alginate preparations from different species of algae (Sargassum sp.) and kelp (Laminaria sp.) on reducing the absorption of strontium was studied in detail. A pilot production procedure has been established. Na alginate from S. siliquastrum was proven to be a potent agent for reducing Sr absorption, with high efficiency and virtually no toxicity. It reduced the body burden of strontium 3.3-4.2 fold in rats. Strontium absorption in human subjects was reduced by 78% ( ±8.9) or completely suppressed the increase of serum Sr at 2 h after ingestion of stable Sr in volunteers and decrease 24 h urine Sr to similar extent. No undesirable effects on gastrointestinal function was observed nor were Ca, Fe, Cu and Zn metabolism changed, both in the animal experiments and in human. It was concluded that alginate preparations derived from Sargassum species are a suitable antidote against radiostrontium absorption on a long-term basis, when added to bread at a 6% level. In cases of emergency, an alginate syrup preparation appears to be more suitable because of its rapid action.

Influence of a Program Combining Amusement and Exercise on Subjective Well-Being: Six-Month Intervention Study with a Complex-Type Program for Community-Dwelling Elderly Subjects

Background: Health promotion for the elderly mainly targets improvements in physical function, and a lack of strengthening of subjective well-being as well as the creation of interaction-providing opportunities for activity and participation has been reported. Evaluations of positive and negative aspects for subjective well-being are needed. Elderly subjects were intervened through a 6-month complex-type program combining amusement and exercise and its influences on subjective well-being and physical and physiological functions were investigated. Methods: Subjects in this survey were 37 healthy elderly females living in M city, Hiroshima Prefecture (age: 69.7 ± 5.9 years old), and the survey was performed between September 2016 and March 2017. The complex-type program comprised amusement and exercise programs. The survey was performed at 4 time points during the intervention period: before the intervention and 1, 3, and 6 months during the intervention. Subjective well-being (Japanese version of the Subjective Well-being Inventory (SUBI): Mental health scores, Mental fatigue scores), salivary amylase levels, and the locomotive syndrome risk test (two-step test, stand-up test, and 25-question risk assessment) were surveyed at each time point. Regarding the duration of the intervention as a factor, changes in salivary amylase levels were analyzed using repeated measures one-way ANOVA and SUBI was tested using the Friedman test (EZR Ver 1.32). In addition, the relationship between the locomotive syndrome risk level and duration of the intervention was examined using Fisher’s test. Results: SUBI and the locomotive syndrome risk level significantly differed with time during the intervention. Slight changes were observed in salivary amylase levels during the intervention. Conclusion: The present results suggest that the complex-type program promoted interactions among community-dwelling elderly subjects and positively influenced the maintenance of and improvements in physical and physiological functions. These changes may be associated with favorable influences on the positive and negative aspects of subjective well-being.

Selection Factors for Market Subjects of Agricultural Industrial Development

The paper firstly analyzes selection factors for market subjects of agricultural industrial development in China. From the political aspect, it is required to take account of features of subjects of agricultural industrial development at current stage. From economic aspects, we should adheres to the two-tier management system that integrates unified with separate management on the basis of household contract management in the countryside, and cultivate and foster subject enterprises according to features of most important market subjects in market economy. From natural aspects, it is proposed to consider features of agricultural industry and inherent advantages of agricultural resources in China. From social aspects, it is essential to draw on successful experience of developed countries in developing market subjects of agricultural industry.

Retinal Symmetry of Multifocal Visual Evoked Potential in Both Eyes of Normal Subjects

<Abstract>Purpose:.To analyze the retinal symmetry of multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) in both eyes of normal subjects. Methods: The monocular mfVEP in both eyes of 36 normal subjects (72 eyes) were tested with VERIS Science 4.0. The stimulus was the pattern reversal dart array consisted of 60 sectors each including 16 black-white reverse patterns. The visual stimulation was controlled by a binary pseudo-random m-sequence and subtended 25 degrees of retinal region. Results: The mfVEP patterns between left and right eyes of each subject were similar, and P1 latency and amplitude in correspondent visual field quadrants between left and right eyes had no significant difference(P>0.05). The latency of superotemporal visual field quadrant in right eyes was shorter than that of superonasal visual field quadrant in left eyes,and the amplitude of superonasal visual field quadrant in right eyes was longer than that of superotemporal visual field quadrant in left eyes(P<0.05). The P1 latency and amplitude among four visual field quadrants of each eye had significant difference(P<0.05). The P1 latency between the superonasal visual field quadrant and inferotemporal visual field quadrant or between the superonasal visual field quadrant and inferonasal quadrant visual field had significant differences in right or left eyes(P<0.05). Conclusion: The mfVEP of normal subjects exists retinal symmetry.