A Dense Feature Iterative Fusion Network for Extracting Building Contours from Remote Sensing Imagery

Extracting building contours from aerial images is a fundamental task in remote sensing.Current building extraction methods cannot accurately extract building contour information and have errors in extracting small-scale buildings.This paper introduces a novel dense feature iterative(DFI)fusion network,denoted as DFINet,for extracting building contours.The network uses a DFI decoder to fuse semantic information at different scales and learns the building contour knowledge,producing the last features through iterative fusion.The dense feature fusion(DFF)module combines features at multiple scales.We employ the contour reconstruction(CR)module to access the final predictions.Extensive experiments validate the effectiveness of the DFINet on two different remote sensing datasets,INRIA aerial image dataset and Wuhan University(WHU)building dataset.On the INRIA aerial image dataset,our method achieves the highest intersection over union(IoU),overall accuracy(OA)and F 1 scores compared to other state-of-the-art methods.

Preparation of silver nanoparticles through the reduction of straw-extracted lignin and its antibacterial hydrogel

Silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)have attracted attention in the field of biomaterials due to their excellent antibacterial property.However,the reducing and stabilizing agents used for the chemical reduction of Ag NPs are usually toxic and may cause water pollution.In this work,Ag NPs(31.2 nm in diameter)were prepared using the extract of straw,an agricultural waste,as the reducing and stabilizing agent.Experimental analysis revealed that the straw extract contained lignin,the structure of which possesses phenolic hydroxyl and methoxy groups that facilitate the reduction of silver salts into Ag NPs.The surfaces of Ag NPs were negatively charged due to the encapsulation of a thin layer of lignin molecules that prevented their aggregation.After the prepared Ag NPs were added to the precursor solution of acrylamide,free radical polymerization was triggered without the need for extra heating or light irradiation,resulting in the rapid formation of an Ag NP-polyacrylamide composite hydrogel.The inhibition zone test proved that the composite hydrogel possessed excellent antibacterial ability due to the presence of Ag NPs.The prepared hydrogel may have potential applications in the fabrication of biomedical materials,such as antibacterial dressings.

Extracting Eye Models from MRI Scans Using U-Net-Based Deep Learning Framework

.Abstracting eye models from MRI images is critical in advancing medical imaging, particularly for clinical diagnostics. Current methods often struggle with accuracy and efficiency, highlighting a gap this research aims to fill. This study investigates the application of machine learning methods, focusing on the U-net-based deep learning framework, to improve the accuracy of eye model extraction. The objectives include fitting measured eye data to models such as the Ellipsoid model, evaluating automated segmentation tools, and assessing the usability of machine learning-based extractions in clinical scenarios. We employed point cloud data of 202,872 points to fit eye models using ellipsoid, non-linear, and spherical fitting techniques. The fitting processes were optimized to ensure precision and reliability. We compared the performance of these models using mean squared error (MSE) as the primary metric. The non-linear model emerged as the most accurate, with a significantly lower MSE (1.186562) compared to the ellipsoid (781.0542) and spherical models. This finding indicates that the non-linear model provides a more detailed and precise representation of the eye’s geometry. These results suggest that machine learning methods, particularly non-linear models, can significantly enhance the accuracy and usability of eye model extraction in clinical diagnostics, offering a robust framework for future advancements in medical imaging.

Effects of ultrasonic-assisted extraction on bioactive compounds,volatile flavors and antioxidant activities of vine tea water extracts

Background:Ampelopsis grossedentata,vine tea,which is the tea alternative beverages in China.In vine tea processing,a large amount of broken tea is produced,which has low commercial value.Methods:This study investigates the influence of different extraction methods(room temperature water extraction,boiling water extraction,ultrasonic-assisted room temperature water extraction,and ultrasonic-assisted boiling water extraction,referred to as room temperature water extraction(RE),boiling water extraction(BE),ultrasonic assistance at room temperature water extraction(URE),and ultrasonic assistance in boiling water extraction(UBE))on the yield,dihydromyricetin(DMY)content,free amino acid composition,volatile aroma components,and antioxidant properties of vine tea extracts.Results:A notable influence of extraction temperature on the yield of vine tea extracts(P<0.05),with BE yielding the highest at 43.13±0.26%,higher than that of RE(34.29±0.81%).Ultrasound-assisted extraction significantly increased the DMY content of the extracts(P<0.05),whereas DMY content in the RE extracts was 59.94±1.70%,that of URE reached 66.14±2.78%.Analysis revealed 17 amino acids,with L-serine and aspartic acid being the most abundant in the extracts,nevertheless ultrasound-assisted extraction reduced total free amino acid content.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated an increase in the diversity and quantity of compounds in the vine tea water extracts obtained through ultrasonic-assisted extraction.Specifically,69 and 68 volatile compounds were found in URE and UBE extracts,which were higher than the number found in RE and BE extracts.In vitro,antioxidant activity assessments revealed varying antioxidant capacities among different extraction methods,with RE exhibiting the highest DPPH scavenging rate,URE leading in ABTS•+free radical scavenging,and BE demonstrating superior ferric ion reducing antioxidant activity.Conclusion:The findings suggest that extraction methods significantly influence the chemical composition and antioxidant properties of vine tea extracts.Ultrasonic-assisted extraction proved instrumental in elevating the DMY content in vine tea extracts,thereby enriching its flavor profile while maintaining its antioxidant properties.

Mitigating ethyl carbamate production in Chinese rice wine:Role of raspberry extract

This study investigated the use of raspberry extract(RBE) for mitigating ethyl carbamate(EC) accumulation in Chinese rice wine(Huangjiu), a traditional fermented beverage. It focused on the addition of RBE to the fermentation mash and its effects on EC levels. The results showed a significant reduction in EC production that could be attributed to RBE's role in altering urea and citrulline catabolism and inhibiting arginine metabolism, thus preventing EC precursors from reacting with ethanol. Additionally, RBE enhanced the rice wine's flavor profile, as shown by volatile component and amino acid analysis. This study also explored RBE's impact on the metabolism of arginine by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a simulated fermentation environment, and found increased arginine, reduced urea and citrulline levels, altered enzyme activities, and gene expression changes in the arginine metabolism and transport pathways. In conclusion, the results clearly demonstrated RBE's efficacy in reducing the EC content in Chinese rice wine, offering valuable insights for EC reduction strategies.

Femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction on binocularity for myopia with glasses-free 3D technique

AIM:To evaluate the effect of femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)on the binocular visual function in myopic patients with glasses-free threedimensional(3D)technique.METHODS:Totally 50 myopic patients(39 females and 11 males)with SMILE were enrolled in this prospective study.The glasses-free 3D technique was used to evaluate the binocular visual function in these subjects including static stereopsis,dynamic stereopsis,foveal suppression,and binocular balance point of signal to noise ratio(s/n ratio).All subjects received measurements in 1d before operation,and 1d,1wk,and 1mo postoperatively.RESULTS:Both static and dynamic stereopsis showed no significant difference after SMILE.The foveal suppression improved significantly 1wk and 1mo after SMILE(P=0.005 and P=0.007 respectively).The binocular balance point of signal to noise ratio showed a significant improvement 1d,1wk and 1mo after SMILE for both eyes(P<0.001 for each eye respectively).CONCLUSION:Glasses-free 3D technique can be used to evaluate the effect of SMILE on the binocular visual function in myopic patients perceptively,and SMILE can improve both foveal suppression and binocular imbalance in these patients.

The Potential of Wacapou (Vouacapoua americana) Extracts to Develop New Biobased Protective Solutions for Low-Durability Wood Species

The valorization of Amazonian wood residues into active chemical compounds could be an eco-friendly,cost-effective and valuable way to develop wood preservative formulations to enhance the decay and termite resistance of low-durable wood species.Wacapou(Vouacapoua americana.,Fabaceae)is a well-known Guianese wood spe-cies commonly used in local wood construction due to its outstanding natural durability,which results from the presence of a large panel of extractives compounds.In addition,its industrial processing generates large amounts of residues.Wacapou residues were extracted by maceration using four different solvents(water/ethanol,ethyl acetate,hexane and dichloromethane/methanol),separately and successively.The yield of each extractive fraction was determined,and their chemical compositions were analyzed by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(LC-MS).Ethyl acetate led to the highest extraction yield,and the active compounds were identified in the obtained extractive fraction.In this sense,the fungicidal and termite-repellent properties of these extractives were then tested using a screening laboratory(with temperate and tropical microorganisms),according to the solution concentration(1%,2.5%,5%,8%and 10%).Finally,Virola michelii Heckel wood samples(low durable species)were impregnated with the 8%concentration solution.The impregnated wood samples were then exposed to a soil bed test.The results highlighted that the nature of the solvent used during wood maceration affects the con-tent of the obtained extractive fractions.Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography–High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry(UHPLC-HRMS)analyses showed the influence of extraction parameters on the nature of the extracted molecules.Wacapou extracts(from ethyl acetate maceration)showed good anti-fungal and anti-termite activities.Additionally,the concentration in extractives had an impact on the anti-termite activity level for Reti-culitermesflavipes and Cryptotermes sp.Formulations based on Wacapou extractives showed a good potential for valorization in eco-friendly preservatives,aiming to confer better durability to local low-durability wood species.

Optimization of lithium extraction solar pond in Zabuye Salt Lake: Theoretical calculation combined with field experiments

This research optimized the structure of lithium extraction solar ponds to enhance the crystallization rate and yield of Li_(2)CO_(3).Using the response surface methodology in Design-Expert 10.0.3,the authors conducted experiments to investigate the influence of four factors related to solar pond structure on the crystallization of Li_(2)CO_(3) and their pairwise interactions.Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)simulations of the flow field within the solar pond were performed using COMSOL Multiphysics software to compare temperature distributions before and after optimization.The results indicate that the optimal structure for lithium extraction from the Zabuye Salt Lake solar ponds includes UCZ(Upper Convective Zone)thickness of 53.63 cm,an LCZ(Lower Convective Zone)direct heating temperature of 57.39℃,a CO32−concentration of 32.21 g/L,and an added soda ash concentration of 6.52 g/L.Following this optimized pathway,the Li_(2)CO_(3) precipitation increased by 7.34% compared to the initial solar pond process,with a 33.33% improvement in lithium carbonate crystallization rate.This study demonstrates the feasibility of optimizing lithium extraction solar pond structures,offering a new approach for constructing such ponds in salt lakes.It provides valuable guidance for the efficient extraction of lithium resources from carbonate-type salt lake brines.

Nickel extraction from nickel laterites: Processes, resources, environment and cost

With the development of the new energy industry and the depletion of nickel sulfide ore resources,laterite nickel ore has become the main source of primary nickel,and nickel for power batteries has become a new growth point in consumption.This paper systematically summarizes the processes,parameters,products,recovery rates,environmental indicators,costs,advantages,disadvantages and the latest research progress of mainstream nickel extraction processes from laterite nickel ore.It also provides a comparative analysis of the environmental impact and economic efficiency of different nickel extraction processes.It is found that the current nickel extraction processes from laterite nickel ore globally for commercial production mainly include the RKEF process for producing ferronickel and the HPAL process for producing intermediate products.The former accounts for about 80%of laterite nickel ore production.Compared to each other,the investment cost per ton of nickel metal production capacity for the RKEF is about 43000$,with an operational cost of about 16000$per ton of nickel metal and a total nickel recovery rate of 77%–90%.Its products are mainly used in stainless steels.For the HPAL process,the investment cost per ton of nickel metal production capacity is about 56000$,with an operational cost of about 15000$per ton of nickel metal and a total nickel recovery rate of 83%–90%.Its products are mainly used in power batteries.The significant differences between the two lies in energy consumption and carbon emissions,with the RKEF being 2.18 and 2.37 times that of the HPAL,respectively.Although the use of clean energy can greatly reduce the operational cost and environmental impact of RKEF,if RKEF is converted to producing high Ni matte,its economic and environmental performance still cannot match that of the HPAL and oxygen-enriched side-blown processes.Therefore,it can be inferred that with the increasing demand for nickel in power batteries,HPAL and oxygen-enriched side blowing processes will play a greater role in laterite nickel extraction.

A Method Suitable for Extracting Genomic DNA from Animal and Plant——Modified CTAB Method

[Objective] The study aimed to introduce a rapid and effective method that is suitable for extracting genomic DNA from animal and plant. [ Method ] The genomic DNAs were extracted from tender leaves of 24 peanut cuhivars and from the liver, lung and kidney of white mouse through the specifically modified CTAB method. The DNAs were run on agarose gel, next detected by DNA/Protein analyzer. Finally PCR amplification was conducted to detect the quality of DNAs extracted using the modified CTAB method. [ Result] The clear and orderly bands were observed in gel detection, and the values of OD200/OD200 for DNAs extracted via modified CTAB method were between 1.77 - 1.83. The DNAs performed well in PCR amplification. [ Conclusion] The DNAs extracted by modified CTAB method could satisfy the requirement of PCR amplification.

Modified CTAB Method for Extracting Genomic DNA from Wheat Leaf

ObjectiveThe aim was to seek for a rapid DNA minipreparation method from wheat leaf. MethodThe total DNA of wheat leaf was extracted using CTAB, SDS and boiling water, separately, with some modifications. Integrity and purity of nucleic acids were detected through agarose gel electrophoresis, ultraviolet absorption and PCR. ResultThe DNA extracted by the modified CTAB method had high quality and purity, and was not degraded. Two hundreds of DNA samples could be extracted each workday by per capita using this method; and the PCR detection of wheat transgenic plants showed that amplified bands of target gene were clear, without false-positive, and the test results were satisfactory. The DNA purity and concentration extracted by modified SDS method were not as good as that extracted by modified CTAB method, but it also met the DNA requirements of major molecular research. The DNA quantity extracted by modified boiling method was small and there were a lot of impurities in it, PCR detection of this DNA showed no amplified band. ConclusionModified CTAB method is a simple and rapid method for DNA minipreparation from wheat leaf, and was suitable for PCR amplification and other molecular biology researches.

A Simple and Quick Method of Extracting Genomic DNA from Wheat Leaves

[ Objective] The aim was to seek a simple and quick method of extracting genomic DNA from wheat leaves. [ Method] Taking tender leaves of wheat as test materials, total DNA of transgenic wheat was extracted by using modified CTAB method. The extracted DNA was detected by 0.8% agarose gel electrophoresis. [ Result] DNA purity of extracted genome DNA from wheat was high and no degradation phenomenon using modified CTAB method, and was suitable for carrying out normal PCR amplification. [ Conclusion] This study provides a simple and quick method for extracting DNA from wheat with a spot of material.

An Improved Method of Extracting Artemisia abrotanum Genomic DNA

[ Objective ] The objective of this study is to explore a rapid and efficient method of extracting genomic DNA from Artemisia abrotanum. [ Method] Three methods of Cutting Method, Liquid Nitrogen Method and Quartz Sand Method based on SDS method were employed to extract Artemisia abrotanum genomlc DNA from tender leaf at seedling stage, tender spike and old leaf at heading stage. The obtained DNAs were detected by absorbance detection, agarose gel and PCR amplification. [ Result ] Cutting Method performed better than the other two methods compared in purity, extracting cycle and cost, accordingly more suitable for PCR amplification. The results also show that young spike is the best material for extracting genomic DNA from Artemisia Annua.

Genomic DNA Isolation by Phenol/Chloroform Extracting Method from Sheep Blood Clot

[ Objective] The aim was to establish the method of extracting genomic DNA from sheep blood clot on the basis of the improvement of method for extracting genomic DNA from tissues. [Method]The genomic DNA with complete primary structure and high purity was obtained from the sheep blood clot after the steps of cutting the sheep blood clot with ophthalmic scissors, cell lysis with tissue DNA extracts and digested by proteinase K, extracting with phenol/chloroform and precipitating with ethanol were performed. [ Result] The concentration of the extracted DNA was 159.90 ±0.70 ng/μl and the ratio of the A260/A280 was 1.80 ＋0.01. The sheep microsatellite locus of BM203 was amplified by using the extracted DNA from the sheep blood clot as template of PCR, and the PCR result was perfect. [Conclusion]This method is simple and feasible, the quantity and quality of the extracted DNA can satisfy the demands for the subsequent researches. It is worth to extending and using for reference.

An Effective Method for Extracting Total RNA from Young Embryo of Seedless Litchi

A total RNA extraction method for young embryo of seedless litchi was introduced. CTAB, Phenol （saturated with water）, chloroform, Guanidine isothioeyanate were used as main extraction reagents. Polyphenolie compounds were removed effectively by added PVP into the extraction buffer solution. RNA was purified intensively by phenol, chloroform extraction, and ethanol deposition after deposited by LiCl. Both the results of formaldehyde denatured agarose gel eleetrophoresis and ultraviolet spectrophotometer analysis showed high integrity and purity of RNA. So the quality of extracted RNA could meet the demand of most molecular biology experiments that require higher quality RNA.

Comparison on Methods.for Extracting DNA from Pteridophyta

[ Objective] The aim was to study method for extracting DNA from pteridophyta and provide basis for further study on genetic diversity and taxonomy. [ Method] By changing the dosage of reagent and operating method, CTAB method for extracting DNA was improved. [ Result] The results showed that the improved CTAB method could extract high-quality DNA from pteridophyta. [ Conclusion] The study improved method for extracting DNA from pteridophyta.

Comparison on Several Methods for Extracting DNA from Raccoon Dog Hair Follicle

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate a reliable method for DNA ex- traction from Wusuli raccoon dog＇s hair. [Method] Several DNA extraction methods were used to extract DNA from Wusuli raccoon dog hair, including Chelex-100 method, PCR buffer method, organic phenol-chloroform method and centrifugal col- umn type kit method. The extracted DNA was analyzed by using PCR amplification and electrophoresis to compare these four DNA extraction methods. [Result] Accord- ing to the results of spectrophotometer detection and gel electrophoresis, nucleic acid extracted by Chetex-100 method had proteins and other impurities; nucleic acid ex- tracted by PCR buffer method was low in concentration; however, DNA extracted by organic phenol-chloroform method and centrifugal column type kit was high in con- centration with no impurity band. [Conclusion] This study had laid the strong founda- tion of scientific theory to further explore the efficient and simple method for extracting DNA from Wusuli raccoon dog hair follicle.

Combined Extracting Process and Activity Detection of Porcine Blood Superoxide Dismutase

[Objective] TO study the combined extracting process of porcine blood superoxide dismutase （SOD） and other bioactive substances and thus to provide technical basis for making full use of blood resources and large-scale production of SOD. [Method] Fibronectin, immunoglobulin, and hemoglobin were isolated from porcine blood, and SOD was extracted. Trace pyrogallol self-oxidation method to determine SOD activity was modified by optimizing the volume of pyrogallol and SOD samples, reaction temperature, and buffer pH. The specific activity of SOD was determined with the optimized extraction conditions. [ Result] The improved experimental conditions of SOD activity detection were as follows： 7 pyrogallol （50 mmol/L）, 3 ml Tris-HCI （50 mmol/L, pH 8.2）, reactive temperature at 25（3, and 10 pl SOD sample solution. The specific activity of extracted SOD was 5 056 U/mg protein. [ Conclusion] Four kinds of bioactive substance can be isolated from porcine blood by modern biological engi- neering integration technology, and the extracted SOD has better activity.

Extracting vanadium from stone-coal by oxygen pressure acid leaching and solvent extraction

Vanadium extraction from stone-coal was investigated by oxygen pressure acid leaching and solvent extraction.The mineralogy of the stone-coal from Tongren City of Guizhou Province,China,was investigated by various determination methods. The effects of leaching time,leaching temperature,leaching agent concentration,leaching L/S ratio,granularity of material,additive consumption were investigated based on the mineralogy.The results show that under the conditions of leaching time of 3-4 h, temperature of 150℃,sulfuric acid consumption of 25%?30%,ratio of liquid to solid of 1.2:1,the granularity less than 0.074 mm, additive consumption of 3%-5%,and oxygen pressure of 1.2 MPa,and the vanadium leaching rate can be more than 92%by the method of two-step pressurized acid leaching.The powdery V2O5 product with 99.52%in V2O5 content is obtained by the flowsheet of acid recovery,removing iron by reduction process,solvent extraction,precipitating vanadium with ammonium water,and pyrolysis from the stone-coal oxygen pressure acid-leaching solution.The total recovery efficiency of vanadium is above 85%,which is more than 20%higher than that obtained in the conventional process.Furthermore,the new process does not cause air pollution since no HCl or Cl2 is released by calcination of the raw material.

A new process of extracting vanadium from stone coal

A new process of extracting vanadium from the stone coal vanadium ore in Fangshankou, Dtmhuang area of Gansu Province, China was introduced. Various leaching experiments were carried out, and the results show that the vanadium ore in Fangshankou is difficult to process due to its high consumption of acid and the high leaching rate of impurities. However, the leaching rate can be up to 80% and the content of V2O5 in the residue can be between 0.22%-0.25% in the process of ore fme grinding→oxidation roasting→mixing and ripening→aqueous leaching→P2O4 solvent extraction→sulfuric acid stripping→oxidation and precipitation→decomposition by heat. Also, the quality of flaky V205 produced by this process can meet the requirements of GB3283--87. The total leaching rate of vanadium is 70%. Also, three types of wastes are easy to treat. The vanadium extraction process is better in relation to the aspect of environmental protection than the sodium method.