Sepsis complicated with secondary hemophagocytic syndrome induced by giant gouty tophi rupture: A case report

BACKGROUND Gouty tophi are a chronic granulomatous caused by a deposition of monosodium urate crystal deposition in the body.Once broken,it may easily induce severe infection.Sepsis complicated with secondary hemophagocytic syndrome induced by gouty tophi rupture is extremely rare in the clinical setting,and no such serious complications have been reported in literature.CASE SUMMARY This is a 52-year-old Chinese male patient with a 20-year history of gouty arthritis.At admission,the gout stone in the patient’s right ankle was broken and it secreted a white mucoid substance.During the course of treatment,the patient suffered from systemic inflammatory response syndrome multiple times.His condition gradually deteriorated,further complicated by hemophagocytic syndrome.After thorough removal of gout lesions and active anti-infection treatment and control of blood uric acid level,combined with multidisciplinary cooperation,the patient was finally cured.CONCLUSION Sepsis complicated with secondary hemophagocytic syndrome induced by gouty tophi rupture is extremely rare in the clinical setting.Timely and accurate diagnosis is very important to save patients'lives.

An overview for monitoring and prediction of pathogenic microorganisms in the atmosphere

Corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)has exerted a profound adverse impact on human health.Studies have demonstrated that aerosol transmission is one of the major transmission routes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).Pathogenic microorganisms such as SARS-CoV-2 can survive in the air and cause widespread infection among people.Early monitoring of pathogenic microorganism transmission in the atmosphere and accurate epidemic prediction are the frontier guarantee for preventing large-scale epidemic outbreaks.Monitoring of pathogenic microorganisms in the air,especially in densely populated areas,may raise the possibility to detect viruses before people are widely infected and contain the epidemic at an earlier stage.The multi-scale coupled accurate epidemic prediction system can provide support for governments to analyze the epidemic situation,allocate health resources,and formulate epidemic response policies.This review first elaborates on the effects of the atmospheric environment on pathogenic microorganism transmission,which lays a theoretical foundation for the monitoring and prediction of epidemic development.Secondly,the monitoring technique development and the necessity of monitoring pathogenic microorganisms in the atmosphere are summarized and emphasized.Subsequently,this review introduces the major epidemic prediction methods and highlights the significance to realize a multi-scale coupled epidemic prediction system by strengthening the multidisciplinary cooperation of epidemiology,atmospheric sciences,environmental sciences,sociology,demography,etc.By summarizing the achievements and challenges in monitoring and prediction of pathogenic microorganism transmission in the atmosphere,this review proposes suggestions for epidemic response,namely,the establishment of an integrated monitoring and prediction platform for pathogenic microorganism transmission in the atmosphere.