Multifunctional AlPO_(4)reconstructed LiMn_(2)O_(4)surface for electrochemical lithium extraction from brine

LiMn_(2)O_(4)(LMO)electrochemical lithium-ion pump has gained widespread attention due to its green,high efficiency,and low energy consumption in selectively extracting lithium from brine.However,collapse of crystal structure and loss of lithium extraction capacity caused by Mn dissolution loss limits its industrialized application.Hence,a multifunctional coating was developed by depositing amorphous AlPO_(4)on the surface of LMO using sol-gel method.The characterization and electrochemical performance test provided insights into the mechanism of Li^(+)embedment and de-embedment and revealed that multifunctional AlPO_(4)can reconstruct the physical and chemical state of LMO surface to improve the interface hydrophilicity,promote the transport of Li^(+),strengthen cycle stability.Remarkably,after 20 cycles,the capacity retention rate of 0.5AP-LMO reached 93.6%with only 0.147%Mn dissolution loss.The average Li^(+)release capacity of 0.5AP-LMO//Ag system in simulated brine is 28.77 mg/(g h),which is 90.4%higher than LMO.Encouragingly,even in the more complex Zabuye real brine,0.5AP-LMO//Ag can still maintain excellent lithium extraction performance.These results indicate that the 0.5AP-LMO//Ag lithium-ion pump shows promising potential as a Li^(+)selective extraction system.

Multifunctional Perovskite Photodetectors: From Molecular-Scale Crystal Structure Design to Micro/Nano-scale Morphology Manipulation

Multifunctional photodetectors boost the development of traditional optical communication technology and emerging artificial intelligence fields, such as robotics and autonomous driving. However, the current implementation of multifunctional detectors is based on the physical combination of optical lenses, gratings, and multiple photodetectors, the large size and its complex structure hinder the miniaturization, lightweight, and integration of devices. In contrast, perovskite materials have achieved remarkable progress in the field of multifunctional photodetectors due to their diverse crystal structures, simple morphology manipulation, and excellent optoelectronic properties. In this review, we first overview the crystal structures and morphology manipulation techniques of perovskite materials and then summarize the working mechanism and performance parameters of multifunctional photodetectors. Furthermore, the fabrication strategies of multifunctional perovskite photodetectors and their advancements are highlighted, including polarized light detection, spectral detection, angle-sensing detection, and selfpowered detection. Finally, the existing problems of multifunctional detectors and the perspectives of their future development are presented.

Rational design and low-cost fabrication of multifunctional separators enabling high sulfur utilization in long-life lithium-sulfur batteries

The lithium-sulfur(Li-S)battery with an ultrahigh theoretical energy density has emerged as a promising rechargeable battery system.However,the practical applications of Li-S batteries are severely plagued by the sluggish reaction kinetics of sulfur species and notorious shuttling of soluble lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)intermediates that result in low sulfur utilization.The introduction of functional layers on separators has been considered as an effective strategy to improve the sulfur utilization in Li-S batteries by achieving effective regulation of LiPSs.Herein,a promising self-assembly strategy is proposed to achieve the low-cost fabrication of hollow and hierarchically porous Fe_(3)O_(4)nanospheres(p-Fe_(3)O_(4)-NSs)assembled by numerous extremely-small primary nanocrystals as building blocks.The rationally-designed p-Fe_(3)O_(4)-NSs are utilized as a multifunctional layer on the separator with highly efficient trapping and conversion features toward LiPSs.Results demonstrate that the nanostructured p-Fe_(3)O_(4)-NSs provide chemical adsorption toward LiPSs and kinetically promote the mutual transformation between LiPSs and Li_(2)S_(2)/Li_(2)S during cycling,thus inhibiting the LiPSs shuttling and boosting the redox reaction kinetics via a chemisorption-catalytic conversion mechanism.The enhanced wettability of the p-Fe_(3)O_(4)-NSs-based separator with the electrolyte enables fast transportation of lithium ions.Benefitting from these alluring properties,the functionalized separator with p-Fe_(3)O_(4)-NSs endows the battery with an admirable rate performance of 877 mAh g^(−1)at 2 C,an ultra-durable cycling performance of up to 2176 cycles at 1 C,and a promising areal capacity of 4.55 mAh cm^(−2)under high-sulfur-loading and lean-electrolyte conditions(4.29 mg cm^(−2),electrolyte/ratio:8μl mg^(−1)).This study will offer fresh insights on the rational design and low-cost fabrication of multifunctional separator to strengthen electrochemical reaction kinetics by regulating LiPSs conversion for developing efficient and long-life Li-S batteries.

Constructing a multifunctional mesoporous composite of metallic cobalt nanoparticles and nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxides for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries

Electrochemical properties of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are mainly hindered by both the insulating nature of elemental sulfur(i.e.,molecular S8)and the shuttling effect or sluggish redox kinetics of lithium polysulfide intermediates(Li_(2)S_(n),3≤n≤8).In this paper,a three-dimensional mesoporous reduced graphene oxide-based nanocomposite,with the embedding of metallic Co nanoparticles and the doping of elemental N(Co/NrGO),and its simply ground mixture with powdered S at a mass ratio of 1:6(Co/NrGO/S)are prepared and used as cathode-/separator-coated interlayers and working electrodes in assembled Li-S cells,respectively.One of the effective cell configurations is to paste composite Co/NrGO onto both the S-loading cathode and separator,showing good cycling stability(1070mAh g^(−1) in the 100th cycle at 0.2 C),highrate capability(835mAh g^(−1),2.0 C),and excellent durability(905mAh g^(−1) in the 250th cycle at 0.5 or 0.2 C).Compared with the experimental results of Co-absent NrGO,electrochemical properties of various Co/NrGO-based cell configurations clearly show multiple functions of Co/NrGO,indicating that the absence of Co/NrGO coatings and/or Co nanoparticles may be inadequate to achieve superior S availability of assembled Li-S batteries.

A General Strategy for Efficiently Constructing Multifunctional Cluster Fillers Using a Three-Fluid Nozzle Spray Drying Technique for Dental Restoration

Multifunctional fillers are greatly required for dental resin composites(DRCs).In this work,a spray dryer with a three-fluid nozzle was applied for the first time to construct high-performance complex nanoparticle clusters(CNCs)consisting of different functional nanofillers for dental restoration.The application of a three-fluid nozzle can effectively avoid the aggregation of different nanoparticles with opposite zeta potentials before the spray drying process in order to construct regularly shaped CNCs.For a SiO_(2)–ZrO_(2) binary system,the SiO_(2)–ZrO_(2) CNCs constructed using a three-fluid nozzle maintained their excellent mechanical properties((133.3±4.7)MPa,(8.8±0.5)GPa,(371.1±13.3)MPa,and(64.5±0.7)HV for flexural strength,flexural modulus,compressive strength,and hardness of DRCs,respectively),despite the introduction of ZrO_(2) nanoparticles,whereas their counterparts constructed using a two-fluid nozzle showed significantly decreased mechanical properties.Furthermore,heat treatment of the SiO_(2)-ZrO_(2) CNCs significantly improved the mechanical properties and radiopacity of the DRCs.The DRCs containing over 10%mass fraction ZrO_(2) nanoparticles can meet the requirement for radiopaque fillers.More importantly,this method can be expanded to ternary or quaternary systems.DRCs filled with SiO_(2)-ZrO_(2)-ZnO CNCs with a ratio of 56:10:4 displayed high antibacterial activity(antibacterial ratio>99%)in addition to excellent mechanical properties and radiopacity.Thus,the three-fluid nozzle spray drying technique holds great potential for the efficient construction of multifunctional cluster fillers for DRCs.

一种杆长可调的多功能铰链四杆机构模型的设计

设计出一款多功能铰链四杆机构,可使不同机构类型在同一模型上实现。阐述了设计原理,完成了杆长调节机构、限位装置、杆长锁紧装置、机架、多功能连接装置、铅笔固定滑块机构的设计,通过数字化模型呈现其功能。

Three-dimensional macroscopic absorbents: From synergistic effects to advanced multifunctionalities

The accelerated arriving of 5G era has brought a new round of intelligent transformation which will completely emancipate smart terminal devices.While the subsequent deleterious effect of electromagnetic wave on electronic devices is increasingly serious,driving the growth of next-generation electromagnetic wave absorbents.As a tactful combination of components and structures,three-dimensional(3D)macroscopic absorbents with fascinating synergy afford exceptional electromagnetic wave absorption,and tremendous efforts have been devoted to this investigation.However,in terms of macroscopic absorbents and their synergistic effect,few reviews are proposed to comb the latest achievements and detailed synergy.This review article focuses on the synergistic effect of macro-architectured absorbents mainly including structure-induced synergy,structure-components synergy,and multiple-components induced synergy.And then the potential construction principles and strategies of macroscopic absorbents are combed.Significantly,the key information for structures and components manipulation including nano-micro design and components regulation is further dissected by critically selected cutting-edge 3D macroscopic absorbents.Moreover,a brief summary of multifunctional electromagnetic wave absorbents(EWAs)-based macroscopic structures is presented.Finally,the development prospects and challenges of these materials are discussed.

基于多尺度注意力机制ResNet的雷达工作模式识别

雷达工作模式识别是解释雷达行为和功能的基本任务。现有方法难以在信号灵活、环境复杂的条件下筛除脉冲序列中不同空间和不同通道中的冗余信息。本文在深度残差网络的基础上,增加了空间自注意力模块和通道自注意力模块以适应上述信号特点。模型引入自注意力机制以实现雷达序列不同空间和通道的自适应权值分配,使网络能更有效地关注更具差异性的信息,实现了极端条件下雷达工作模式的高精度识别。同经典深度学习网络AlexNet、LeNet、VGGNet、ResNet以及常规深度卷积网络相比,该模型在0~50%漏脉冲条件下,平均识别率提升了36%,在独立测试集40%漏脉冲比例下模型仍然具备90%以上的识别率,证明了所提网络的优越性和有效性。

设施蔬菜用轨道式多功能喷洒装备的研制

目前国内设施农业大部分喷施作业都由手动或电动背负式喷雾器完成,存在农药利用率低、人体伤害大和污染环境等弊端,因此设计研发了一种设施蔬菜用轨道式多功能喷洒装备。该喷洒设备通过可固定在温室顶部、地面、侧面的轨道移动,包含稳定机构、升降台、预热系统等拓展机构。试验结果表明,该设施蔬菜用轨道式多功能喷洒装备喷施的液剂和粉剂的覆盖率分别达到65.31%、67.12%,显著高于背负式喷洒装备的36.52%和47.71%;同样药箱容积下,该喷洒装备的作业时间比背负式喷雾器少23.87%;在施药7天后,该装备的平均防效为90.47%,显著高于背负式喷雾器的84.31%,药剂效果优势显著。研究表明,该设施蔬菜用轨道式多功能喷洒装备具有喷洒范围广、稳定性高、提升药效的特点,可广泛用于设施蔬菜药剂喷施作业。

Mechanics of advanced fiber reinforced lattice composites

Fiber reinforced lattice composites are lightweight attractive due to their high specific strength and specific stiffness.In the past 10 years,researchers developed three-dimensional（3D） lattice trusses and two-dimensional （2D） lattice grids by various methods including interlacing, weaving,interlocking,filament winding and molding hot- press.The lattice composites have been applied in the fields of radar cross-section reduction,explosive absorption and heat-resistance. In this paper,topologies of the lattice composites, their manufacturing routes,as well as their mechanical and multifunctional applications,were surveyed.

Enhancing the Mechanical Strength for a Microwave Absorption Composite Based on Graphene Nanoplatelet/Epoxy with Carbon Fibers

Microwave absorption (MWA) materials such as graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)/epoxy are mostly used as coatings on existing structures without considering mechanical properties. In this work, we aim to enhance the mechanical strength of the composite for multifunctional potentials. We used carbon fiber (four layers) to reinforce GNP/epoxy composite (2 mm thick) and investigated their multifunctional properties with GNP loading from 3 to 7 wt%. We measured the tensile strength, hardness, and MW absorption (26.5 - 40 GHz) of composite samples. Our results showed an increase in tensile strength to 109.1 ± 7.9 MPa with 7 wt% GNP in the composite from 15.3 MPa for pure epoxy. The hardness of the composites was also substantially enhanced with GNP loading up to 7 wt%. A MW absorption ratio of 72% was attained for the sample with 7 wt% GNP loading near 40 GHz. The homogenous dispersion of GNPs in the matrix reduces the stress concentration and minimizes the influence of the defects. The high MW absorption and large transmission loss together with enhanced mechanical strength provides a novel multifunctional material for potential applications.

DEVELOPMENT OF NEW THERMO-MECHANICAL SIMULATOR

A new multifunction thermo-mechanical simulator was successfully developed. The accuracy of measurement and control is very high through all digital control. More than twenty tests may be fulfilled including tension, compression, torsion, combination large deformation that meets the study of supersteel, etc. Its performance is introduced in the paper, such as designed ideas, machine structure, man-machine interface, control system, etc.

Schiff base flexible organic crystals toward multifunctional applications

The emergence offlexible organic crystals changed the perception of molecu-lar crystals that were regarded as brittle entities over a long period of time,and sparked a great interest in exploring mechanically compliant organic crystalline materials toward next-generation smart materials during the past decade.Schiff base compounds are considered to be one of the most promising candidates forflexible organic crystals owing to their easy synthesis,high yield,stimuli respon-siveness and good mechanical properties.This paper gives an overview of the recent development of Schiff baseflexible organic crystals(including elastic organic crystals,plastic organic crystals,andflexible organic crystals integrating elastic-ity and plasticity)from serendipitous discovery to design strategies and versatile applications such as stimuli responses,optical waveguides,optoelectronic devices,biomimetic soft robots,and organic photonic integrated circuits.Notably,atomic force microscopy-micromanipulation technique has been utilized to bring the mul-tifunctional applications offlexible organic crystals from the macroscopic level to the microscopic world.Since understanding mechanicalflexibility at the molec-ular level through crystal engineering can assist us to trace down the structural origin of mechanical properties,we focus on the packing structures of various Schiff baseflexible organic crystals driven by non-covalent intermolecular inter-actions and their close correlation with mechanical behaviors.We hope that the information given here will help in the design of novelflexible organic crys-tals combined with other unique properties,and promote further research into the area of mechanically compliant organic crystalline materials toward multifunctional applications.

一种带块式指节限位机构模块化机械手的研究

为了解决现有欠驱动模块化机械手指节限位机构结构复杂、更换手指不方便及功能单一的问题,基于欠驱动原理设计了一种采用块式指节限位机构的模块化机械手。块式指节限位机构结构简单,模块化手指更换方便,可以实现多功能抓取和捏取。采用机构静力学分析方法,对机械手捏取状态下的手指进行了静力学分析,推导出了末端指节的接触力计算公式。采用ADAMS软件对机械手进行了接触力分析,仿真结果表明,模块化机械手可稳定包络抓取直径为80~150 mm的3种球状物体,接触力控制在5.86~13.91 N,可包络抓取直径为60~100 mm的3种圆柱状物体,接触力控制在9.16~18.69 N,可捏取厚度为0~12 mm的2种薄片状物体,接触力可以达到任意设定值。研究设计的机械手通用性强,适用范围广,为机械手的研发提供了参考。

软岩大变形隧道预应力锚索一体化施工设备与机械化配套工艺研究——以木寨岭公路隧道为例

为提高软岩大变形隧道预应力锚索的施工质量与施工速度,推进软岩大变形隧道机械化施工进程,依托木寨岭公路隧道,基于预应力锚索机械化施工关键技术研发,以实现预应力锚索钻、装、锚、拉一体化施工为突破口,通过悬臂掘进机、多功能锚索台车等大型关键设备构建软岩大变形隧道全机械化施工方法,于武都右线方向开展试验段研究。得出主要结论:1)预应力锚索机械化施工关键技术的研发与集成,实现了软弱破碎围岩预应力锚索高效、稳定施工,锚索施工质量显著提升,锚索有效预应力提高近100 k N;2)软岩大变形隧道全机械化施工方法转变了传统依靠人力的施工模式,施工质量、施工速度得以大幅提升,初期支护施工人员减少1/5,单个初期支护施工循环时间缩短近2 h,洞周收敛减小值最大达48.6%。

魔芋葡甘露聚糖基物理共混改性复合膜研究进展

魔芋葡甘露聚糖是一种水溶性、非离子型高分子多糖,具有高持水性、成膜性、凝胶性、生物相容等特性。在众多以魔芋葡甘露聚糖为基质所进行的复合材料研究中,针对物理共混改性复合膜的研究备受关注,在新型食品包装材料领域展现出广阔的应用前景。本综述概述了魔芋葡甘露聚糖的分子结构及特性,着重阐述了魔芋葡甘露聚糖基物理共混改性复合膜类型、形态/结构特征与各共混成分分子间相互作用及成膜机制、功能特性以及应用研究进展。

多功能视角下烟台葡萄酒产业融合现状及创新机制研究

发挥农业多功能性是产业融合的重要目标,多功能性特征为行业产业融合创新指出方向。文章从宏观和微观两个层面分析烟台市和当地龙头代表企业的产业融合现状,立足农业多功能性,从经济、社会、文化、生态等层面分析烟台市葡萄酒产业融合效益,进一步将葡萄酒产业多功能体现细分为丰富产品供给、区域引擎带动、农民就业扶贫、人力资本提升、文化传承创新、美化城市景观六个方面,结合技术、政策、市场、竞争四个方面的创新驱动和产业链延伸与产业间融合的两种典型表现形式,提出葡萄酒产业融合创新的流程图,以期为葡萄酒产业的发展提供有益的借鉴。

阻燃整理剂与抗菌织物的耦合作用研究

选取有机磷酸酯类、有机磷氮类2类阻燃剂对3种不同抗菌机理的抗菌织物进行处理,研究了抗菌织物整理前后的抗菌性能和阻燃性能。结果表明:采用有机磷氮类阻燃剂对金铜锌三元抗菌织物进行整理后,织物极限氧指数提高50.7%,续燃时间由42.4 s降至0.1 s,对大肠杆菌的抗菌率由98.2%降至42.3%,有机磷氮类阻燃剂与金铜锌三元抗菌织物之间同时存在协同阻燃效应和抑菌性的拮抗作用;采用有机磷酸酯类阻燃剂对金铜锌三元抗菌织物进行整理后,织物极限氧指数提高19.9%,续燃时间由42.4 s降至5.4 s,对大肠杆菌的抗菌率由98.2%提高至99.1%,有机磷酸酯类阻燃剂与金铜锌三元抗菌织物具有较好的配合效果,阻燃性提高的同时还能保持较高的抑菌率。

新型多功能硫化助剂WL207对NR/SSBR并用胶性能的影响

采用新型多功能硫化助剂WL207配合的有效硫化体系,考察了其用量对天然橡胶(NR)/溶聚丁苯橡胶(SSBR)并用的载重子午胎胎面胶力学性能、动态力学性能、相容性及共硫化特性的影响。结果表明,含有WL207的NR/SSBR硫化胶具有良好的力学性能、动态力学性能和相容性,当WL207用量为4.0份时,NR/SSBR并用胶的综合性能最佳。

液压破碎锤在矿用多功能铲运机上的应用

介绍了矿用多功能铲运机的工作机构组成及功能,分析了液压破碎锤工作原理,进行了矿用多功能铲运机液压破碎锤的选型计算。综合铲运机整机转向、制动及工作回路功能要求,完成了矿用多功能铲运机液压系统设计及参数设定,匹配了液压破碎锤工作参数要求。