Uplink Performance Evaluation of CDMA Communication System with RAKE Receiver and Multiple Access Interference Cancellation

In CDMA communication systems, all the subscribers share the common channel. The limitation factor on the system’s capacity is not the bandwidth, but multiuser interference and the near far problem. This paper models CDMA system from the perspective of mobile radio channels corrupted by additive white noise generated by multipath and multiple access interferences. The system’s receiver is assisted using different combining diversity techniques. Performance analysis of the system with these detection techniques is presented. The paper demonstrates that combining diversity techniques in the system’s receivers markedly improve the performance of CDMA systems.

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF HYBRID DS SFH/SSMA SYSTEMS OVER MULTIPATH FADING CHANNELS

Hybrid direct sequence and slow frequency hopping spread spectrum multiple access systems (Hybrid DS/SFH SSMA) operating through nonselective slow Rayleigh fading channels was investigated. Multipath and Multiple access interference was taken into account. Expressions of the average error probability for the system were derived. Analytical and numerical results on the average probability of error were presented for the system examined. Random signature sequences and hopping patterns were employed for the system. The numerical results show the effects of the value of M for M ary frequency shift keying (MFSK) modulation and Reed Solomon (RS) coding on the system’s performance. The comparison between RS coded system and noncode system shows that error correction coding is essential to improve the system’s performance.

Optimum Multiuser Detector for Multipath Slow Fading Asynchronous CDMA Channels

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Concatenated Trellis Coding and CPM for DS/SSMA Communications in Rayleigh Fading Channel

In this paper, direct sequence spread spectrum multiple access (DS/SSMA) communication system employing serially concatenated trellis coded modulation (TCM) and continuous phase modulation (CPM) over flat Rayleigh fading channel are presented. The performance of this concatenated TCM/CPM DS/SSMA system is exploited by the theoretical analysis and numerical simulations. The results demonstrate that significant improvements in error probability of this DS/SSMA system over the system with single TCM or CPM of different modulation indices can be achieved under the same conditions.

Frameworks of Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Techniques in Cognitive Radio Communication Systems

Recently,the increasing demand of radio spectrum for the next generation communication systems due to the explosive growth of applications appetite for bandwidths has led to the problem of spectrum scarcity.The potential approaches among the proposed solutions to resolve this issue are well explored cognitive radio(CR)technology and recently introduced non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)techniques.Both the techniques are employed for efficient spectrum utilization and assure the significant improvement in the spectral efficiency.Further,the significant improvement in spectral efficiency can be achieved by combining both the techniques.Since the CR is well-explored technique as compared to that of the NOMA in the field of communication,therefore it is worth and wise to implement this technique over the CR.In this article,we have presented the frameworks of NOMA implementation over CR as well as the feasibility of proposed frameworks.Further,the differences between proposed CR-NOMA and conventional CR frameworks are discussed.Finally,the potential issues regarding the implementation of CR-NOMA are explored.

Routing Protocol in Underwater Wireless Acoustic Communication Using Non Orthogonal Multiple Access

The underwater wireless communication with the complexity of attenuation and low propagation speed makes resource constraints in networking sensor nodes and sink.Underwater Sensor Transmission with Attenuation Calculation using Non Orthogonal Multiple Access(UWSTAC-NOMA)protocol has been proposed.This protocol calculates channel gain along with attenuation in underwater channels and provides internetworking sensor for rate allocation minimizing interference.Successive Interference Cancellation has been used at the receiving sensor to decode the information sent.The network level performance of sensors and increasing the data rate improves the overall throughput.Simultaneously,connecting several sensors to sink based on its depth region of deployment has been achieved using Underwater Sensor Transmission with Attenuation Calculation using Non Orthogonal Multiple Access(UWSTAC-NOMA).The analytical background of attenuation never confuted the simulation results of the proposed protocol in NS2 simulator.Simulation results shows that the throughput,average bit error rate and residual energy of sink performance.

A MATCHED FILTER BANK BASED DOA ESTIMATION FOR ASYNCHRONOUS MULTIPATH CDMA CHANNELS

In this paper, a Direction Of Arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm is proposed for multiuser signals through uplink asynchronous multipath Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) channels. The algorithm is based directly on the correlation matrices of matched filter bank outputs of desired user’s multipath signals and it does not require that the elements of base station antenna array outnumber the multipath signals, which is necessary for the conventional sub-space based direction-finding algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm estimates the DOA of multipath signals effectively and acceptably. The proposed algorithm has the prominent advantages of low complexity, simpleness and practicality, which make it much more suitable for practical application.

THE THEORETICAL BER PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A COOPERATIVE DIVERSITY SCHEME IN FREQUENCY SELECTIVE FADING CHANNEL

A novel cooperative diversity scheme based on Distributed Space-Time Block Coding and Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (DSTBC-MC-CDMA) is proposed which works well in frequency selective fading channels with multiple single-antenna users. And an analytical error model is established to describe the symbol decoding errors between interusers, based on which a close form expression for theoretical Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of the scheme is derived to analyze the influence of the interuser decoding errors on the BER performance of the scheme. Then simulation is complimented to verify the analytic result above, which also shows that the BER performance of DSTBC-MC-CDMA outgoes that of non-cooperative MC-CDMA with considerable gains. Further- more, the simulations coincide with the theoretical results well.

Triple-Polarized Multi-User Mimo-Idma System under Correlated Fading Channel

A multiple-input multiple-output interleave division multiple access (MIMO-IDMA) system with Triple Polarized Division Multiplexing (TPDM) is presented in this paper. The present methodology replaces three independent linearly polarized antennas with a single triple polarized antenna at both the transmitter and receiver. The users in the communication link are accommodated and separated using a user-specific interleaver combined with low rate spreading sequence. To eliminate the effects of multi-stream interference (MSI), minimum mean square error (MMSE) algorithm based on successive interference cancellation (SIC) Multi-user detection (MUD) technique is employed at the receiver. Furthermore, log-maximum a posteriori probability (MAPP) decoding algorithm is implemented at the mobile stations (MSs) to overcome the effects of multi-user interference (MUI) effects. The paper also evaluates the effects of coded MIMO-IDMA in the downlink communication by adopting the Stanford University Interim (SUI) and Long-term Evolution (LTE)channel model specifications. In comparison with the traditional uncoded system, the present solution considering turbo coded triple-polarized MIMO-IDMA system with iterative decoding algorithm provides better bit error rate (BER) with reduced signal to noise ratio (SNR). The simulation results also show that though the SNR requirement is higher for the proposed technique compared to the conventional uni-polarized antenna based MIMO-IDMA system, it gives the advantages of achieving higher data rate with reduced cost and space requirements in the context of a downlink (DL).

可重构智能表面辅助多用户NOMA网络鲁棒资源分配

在不完美信道状态信息(Channel State Information,CSI)和不完美串行干扰消除(Successive Interference Cancellation,SIC)的场景下,研究了可重构智能表面(Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface,RIS)辅助多用户非正交多址接入(Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access,NOMA)网络的鲁棒资源分配问题.在考虑两类用户(信息用户和能量用户)服务质量(Quality of Service,QoS)和信息用户SIC约束下,建立了基站发射功率最小化的优化问题.该问题是一个多变量耦合的非凸优化问题.为了求解该问题,本文使用松弛变量、线性近似、S-程序、符号定性法转化该问题的非凸约束.然后将优化问题分解为两个子问题,最后使用交替优化方法迭代求解两个子问题,直到发送功率收敛.仿真结果表明:该文算法具有较好的收敛性,实现了资源的鲁棒分配,同时有效地降低基站发射功率.

基于NOMA的卫星通信半免授权传输性能分析

卫星通信能够为地面用户提供广域范围、随遇接入的通信服务,近年来备受国内外学者的关注。文中研究了采用半免授权(SGF)传输方案的卫星通信系统的性能。根据卫星通信的特点,利用用户的统计信道状态信息,提出了一种基于上行非正交多址(NOMA)的SGF传输方案,从而提高系统的频谱效率和接入能力。假设卫星链路服从阴影莱斯分布,分别考虑移动终端采用随机接入和分布式争用两种方式的情况,推导出地球站和移动终端的中断概率以及整个系统吞吐量的闭合表达式。仿真结果验证了理论分析的正确性和所提方案的优越性,并定量分析了用户数、目标数据速率等典型参数对系统性能的影响。

DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF SYMBOL/SEQUENCE TCM FOR DS/SSMA SYSTEM OVER MOBILE RADIO CHANNEL

A novel kind of multidimension symbol/sequence trellis coded modulation (TCM) based on TCM of lower coding rate has been constructed. The redundancy of this new kind of TCM is provided not only by the modulated symbol sequence but also by the PN sequences for spreading spectrum as well. The performance of direct sequence spread spectrum multiple access (DS/SSMA) system with this symbol/sequence TCM over flat Rayleigh fading channel has been investigated by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. The results obtained in this research demonstrate the performance improvements of this system in comparison with that of the DS/SSMA system with conventional TCM under the same conditions.

Equivalent Time-Domain Representation and Uplink Channel Estimator for Multicarrier CDMA Systems

Many blind channel estimation methods have been proposed for direct sequence (DS) code-division multiple access (CDMA) systems, so we can certainly use them to estimate the finite impulse response (FIR) channel for the multi-carrier (MC-) CDMA system. In this paper, the MC-CDMA system is interpreted as an equivalent time-domain DS-CD-MA system with specific spreading codes. Then, an equivalently time-domain blind channel estimator is derived for the uplink MC-CDMA, which is based on second-order statistics of the received data. By exploiting singular value decomposition (SVD) and the finite alphabet property of transmitted symbols, the time-domain channel impulse response (CIR) for the uplink MC-CDMA can be accurately identified. Computer simulations illustrate both the validity and the overall performance of the proposed estimator.

AN IMPROVED DOA ESTIMATION ALGORITHM FOR ASYNCHRONOUS MULTIPATH CDMA SYSTEM

This paper proposes an improved Direction Of Arrival（DOA） estimation algorithm for asynchronous multipath Code Division Multiple Access（CDMA） system. The algorithm is based on the correlation matrices of outputs of decorrelator, which is a Multi-User Detection（MUD） approach, one of the key techniques for CDMA system. Through decorrelating processing, the desired user＇s mulipath signals can be resolved and all the other resolved multipath signal interference is eliminated. So the proposed algorithm is expected to perforln much better than algorithm such as that based directly on the Matched Filter（MF） bank outputs. Simulation results confirm this. While the improved algorithm performs better and better as Signal-to-Noise Ratio（SNR） increases, the performance of algorithm based directly on the MF bank outputs can not be improved.

存在窃听者的协作中继NOMA系统安全性能分析

在不完全信道状态信息和非理想连续干扰消除条件下对存在窃听者的非正交多址系统安全性能问题进行研究,提出一个存在窃听者的解码转发中继辅助非正交多址接入系统(Decode and Forward Cooperative Relay in Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access System with Eavesdropper,DFCR-E-NOMA)。在该系统中,分析了在不完全的信道状态信息和非理想连续干扰消除同时存在的条件下系统的安全性能,利用中断概率和截获概率表征系统的安全性能,通过蒙特卡罗模拟仿真分析了功率分配系数、信道估计误差对所提系统性能的影响。验证结果表明,在信道条件一定的情况下,可通过设置较高的数据传输速率,在基站或中继处选择合适的功率分配系数能够有效降低窃听者的截获概率。

卫星网络和高空平台网络频谱共存下的分布式鲁棒波束成形算法

面向由卫星网络和高空平台网络有机结合的星空融合网络,提出一种基于非完美信道状态信息的分布式鲁棒波束成形算法。首先,在卫星网络和高空平台网络分别采用多播技术和非正交多址技术服务多个用户的场景下,以最大化网络和速率为目标函数,并以满足各个用户速率需求为约束,建立卫星和高空平台发射功率受限为约束的优化问题。其次,在仅能获取用户非完美信道状态信息且仅能实现非完美连续干扰消除的情况下,采用S-procedure和连续凸逼近对非凸问题进行转化,并进一步提出基于拉格朗日对偶的分布式波束成形算法,以实现网络间的频谱共享。最后,计算机仿真表明所提分布式算法相比现有工作能以更低的信令开销获取更高的频谱效率。

非完美条件下的非正交多址接入星地融合网络性能分析

随着星地融合网络(ISTNs)的快速发展,大量的传感器和无线设备都有无线服务的接入需求,从而对星地融合网络的频谱效率和服务质量提出了新的挑战。不同于传统的正交多址接入技术,非正交多址接入(NOMA)技术可在相同的频率下传输不同用户的信号,其被认作为提高星地融合网络频谱效率的有效方法,从而被广泛研究。目前,针对NOMA和星地融合网络的研究大多都是在理想条件下进行的,由此该文研究更加实际的情况,即在非完美串行干扰消除(SIC)、信道估计误差和同频干扰下,对星地融合网络的性能进行研究。该文在假设卫星端和地面端均采用多天线的前提下,推导了系统遍历容量的闭式表达式,验证了非完美条件对于系统性能的影响。同时蒙特卡罗仿真验证了理论分析和推导的正确性。

非理想顺序干扰消除和信道状态信息下SWIPT-NOMA-CR网络中断性能

针对基于无线携能通信(SWIPT, simultaneous wireless information and power transfer)和非正交多址接入(NOMA, non-orthogonal multiple access)的认知中继(CR, cognitive relay)(SWIPT-NOMA-CR)网络,考虑非理想顺序干扰消除(SIC, successive interference cancellation)和信道状态信息(CSI, channel state information)实际情况,研究系统在采用理想、时间开关(TS, time switching)和功率分割(PS, power splitting)3种中继传输方案时次用户的中断性能。推导出次用户中断概率的解析表达式,并通过蒙特卡洛仿真验证理论推导的正确性。实验结果表明,非理想SIC和CSI会导致次用户的中断性能下降,相对于非理想CSI,非理想SIC给系统中断性能带来的损失更大。此外,用户采用PS中继传输方案的中断概率比采用TS方案低,当改变非理想SIC和CSI因子时,采用PS方案用户的中断概率差值比TS方案小,说明PS中继传输方案的可靠性优于TS方案。

非理想条件下认知非正交多址接入系统中断性能研究

为满足网络需求,提高系统频谱利用率,该文提出一种覆盖式认知非正交多址接入(CR-NOMA)网络。考虑实际中非线性功率放大(NLPA)、非理想连续干扰消除(ipSIC)和非完美信道状态信息(CSI)等非理性因素,研究所提网络的可靠性能,推导出系统中断概率(OP)和系统吞吐量的解析表达式,并进一步分析高信噪比下中断概率的表达式、理想状态下中断概率的高信噪比(SNR)近似、分集阶数。分析及仿真结果表明:NLPA,ipSIC和信道估计误差参数对系统中断概率性能有负面影响;中断概率随着信噪比的增加而减小,在高信噪比下收敛到一个固定常数;中断概率随着功率分配系数的改变也会产生相应的变化。

一种采用松弛正交预编码的多址接入方法

在多址方法设计中,有效管理多个并发通信间的共道干扰是提升系统频谱效率的关键。现有干扰管理的思路是使多路信号在传输过程中相互正交,然而在多用户多输入多输出系统中,发射机和接收机的数量以及它们的天线配置严格制约了系统能够支持的正交并发通信的数量。针对这一问题,提出一种应用于多用户多输入多输出下行通信的基于松弛正交预编码的多址接入方法,通过引入一个正交幅度调节函数,在一个符号周期内对预编码的幅度进行调整,利用调节后的预编码进行信号处理和发送,可以将对多用户信号在空域上严格正交的要求放宽到相关意义上的正交;相应地,接收机采用相关运算对期望信号进行检测,可以利用幅度调节函数之间的正交性在判决时刻消除共道干扰的影响。仿真结果表明,所提方法可以在不增加频谱资源消耗的情况下,显著提高系统容纳的用户数量,改善系统的频谱效率。