TOPOLOGY OPTIMIZATION OF TRUSS STRUCTURES WITH SYSTEMATIC RELIABILITY CONSTRAINTS UNDER MULTIPLE LOADING CASES

In this paper, a mathematical model for topology optimization oftruss structures with constraints of displacement and systemreliability under multiple loading cases is constructed. In order toavoid the difficulty of computing the structure's system reliability,a solving approach is presented in which the failure probability ofsystem is divided into the sum of a all bars' failures probability bymeans of reliability distribution. In addition, by drawing into thereliability safety factor and the fundamen- tal relationship instructural mechanics, all probability constraints of displacement andstress are equiv- alently displayed as conventional form and linearfunction of the design variables.

A multiple case study on the cooperative governance model of treating environmental deterioration

Managing the acute problem of environmental deterioration due to the industrialization of modern China is necessary.Using three cases from a theoretical perspective of procedure-structure,this study explored how environmental deterioration is governed in three circumstances.Research findings revealed that the pattern to treat the worsening environment is associated closely with individual-specific circumstances,and thus three patterns of governance are developed:bureaucratic,contractual,and network-based cooperatives.The cases and the results are described the advantages and disadvantages of these models are discussed.Suggestions on how to more effectively manage these urgent problems are as follows:first,the governance must fit the circumstance,namely,its physical,biological,and social attributes;second,the regulations and conditions regarding the government-dominated pattern are came up from the perspective of mega-governance,mutual trust contracts,benefit sharing,and social capital;and third,the government should abandon the pattern based on the single subject and adopt a plural subject governance model to integrate all the relevant forces to facilitate the attainment of benign environmental governance.

The Influence of Language Teachers' Career Trajectory on Beliefs about Using the L1 in the EFL Classroom: A Multiple Case Study

To uncover how different backgrounds influence teacher beliefs,a multiple case study was done to three pre-service and three in-service EFL teachers through semi-structured interviews.The results show that pre-service and in-service teachers hold a general belief that while English exposure is important,the use of Chinese as the L1 is complementary.Nonetheless,teachers’rationale reflects influence from prior learning experience,teacher education and classroom practice.The findings provide implications for career development of EFL teachers.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF MEASURING SERUM IL-6 ACTIVITIES IN MULTIPLE MYELOMA AN ANALYSIS OF 81 CASES

Interleukin 6(IL-6) is known as hybridoma cell growth factor,B-cell differentiating factor and so on One of its important biological functions in to induce

Structural optimization for multiple structure cases and multiple payload cases with a two-level multipoint approximation method

This paper is to address structural optimization problems where multiple structure cases or multiple payload cases can be considered simultaneously. Both types of optimization problems involve multiple finite element models at each iteration step, which draws high demands in opti- mization methods. Considering the common characteristic for these two types of problems, which is that the design domain keeps the same no matter what the structure cases or payload cases are, both problems can be formulated into the unified expressions. A two-level multipoint approxima- tion （TMA） method is firstly improved with the use of analytical sensitivity analysis for structural mass, and then this improved method is utilized to tackle these two types of problems. Based on the commercial finite element software MSC.Patran/Nastran, an optimization system for multiple structure cases and multiple payload cases is developed. Numerical examples are conducted to verify its feasibility and efficiency, and the necessity for the simultaneous optimizations of multiple structure cases and multiple payload cases are illustrated as well.

MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE IIB REPORT OF A CASE

Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type IIb,called also MEN III or mucosal neuroma syndrome,is a rare condition. A typical case confirmed by au-topsy is here reported and discussed briefly.CASE REPORTA 27-year-old male patient complained of fre-quent epigastric pain and diarrhea for 12 years. Atthe age of 21, he had a biopsy of a papillary lesionin his eyelids, and histological examination con-firmed the diagnosis of mucosal neuromas. Twoyears later, subtotal gastrectomy was done for a sus-pected perforated peptic ulcer at a local hospital. Ex-ploration showed an ulcer at the gastric antrum andanother at the duodenal bulb and hypertrophicgastritis and proliferation of the parietal cells werefound histologically. Postoperatively, diarrhea per-sisted and epigastric distention appeared. On Septem-ber 12,1990, the patient was referred to ourhospital.

Review of Crashworthiness Studies on Cellular Structures

The application of lightweight structures with excellent energy absorption performance is crucial for enhancing vehicle safety and energy efficiency.Cellular structures,inspired by the characteristics observed in natural organisms,have exhibited exceptional structural utilization in terms of energy absorption compared with traditional structures.In recent years,various innovative cellular structures have been proposed to meet different engineering needs,resulting in significant performance improvements.This paper provides a comprehensive overview of novel cellular structures for energy absorption applications.In particular,it outlines the application forms and design concepts of cellular structures under typical loading conditions in vehicle collisions,including axial loading,oblique loading,bending loading,and blast loading.Cellular structures have evolved to meet the demands of complex loading conditions and diverse research methods,focusing on achieving high-performance characteristics across multiple load cases.Moreover,this review discusses manufacturing techniques and strate-gies for enhancing the manufacturing performance of cellular structures.Finally,current key challenges and future research directions for cellular structures are discussed.The aim of this study is to provide valuable guidelines for researchers and engineers in the development of next-generation lightweight cellular structures.