Biological responses of small yellow croaker(Larimichthys polyactis) to multiple stressors: a case study in the Yellow Sea, China

Temporal changes in biological characteristics of small yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis in the Yellow Sea were examined for the period of 1960–2008. The body size and age of small yellow croaker decreased substantially, in particular, average length of fish in 2008 was reduced by ~85% than those occurring in 1985, and at that time ~93% of the total catch was dominated by one-year-old individuals. Correspondingly, growth parameters also varied significantly over the years, i.e., k（growth coefficient） and t_0（zero-length age） gradually increased from 0.26 and –0.58 year in 1960 to 0.56 and –0.25 year in 2008, respectively. Although, L∞（body length）sharply decreased from 34.21 cm in 1960 to 24.06 cm in 2008, and t_r（inflexion age） decreased from 3.78 year in1960 to 1.61 year in 2008. There was a great increase both in natural mortality coefficient and fishing mortality coefficient. However, according to the gray correlation analysis, changes in the biological characteristics of small yellow croaker were induced by different stressors ranked as： fishing vessel power〉feeding grade〉sea surface temperature. This study suggests that the active fishery management measures for biological characters of fish populations should be considered.

Establishment and biological characteristics of human multiple myeloma cell line CZ-1

Background There were only 3 multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines established in China. In this study,we succeeded in establishing a novel MM cell line and analyzed its biological characteristics. Methods Mononuclear cells isolated from the peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) of a patient with advanced MM (λ light chain type) were cultured in medium. Cell morphology was analyzed by Wright-Giemsa-staining and cytochemical staining,immunophenotyping by flow cytometry and cytogenetic analysis by chromosome RHG-banding technique. Quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect Epstein - Barr virus (EBV) DNA. Results The established cell line could survive and proliferate in the presence of feeder cells or conditioned medium. The cells secreted λ light chain and were negative for EBV. The Wright-Giemsa-staining showed typical plasmablast or plasma cell morphology. The cytochemical staining of the cells showed the following reactivity patterns: positive for acid phosphatase,negative for myeloperoxidase. The immunoprofile of the cells was concordant with that of MM cells: positive for CD_ 10 ,CD_ 28 ,CD_ 38 ,CD_ 138 ,CD_ 56 ,CD_ 49d ,CD_ 44 ,CD_ 54 and CD_ 58 ,negative for CD_ 19 , CD_ 40 ,CD_ 95 ,CD_ 95L ,CD_ 34 ,CD_2 and CD_5. The cytogenetic analysis showed complex chromosome abnormality of i (1q+),8q+,13q+,i (17q),i (18q) and +M. There was no difference in morphology,immunophenotype and cytogenetics between cells from PB and BM. Conclusions An MM cell line secreting λ light chain named CZ-1 was established. The cells from both PB and BM have the same biological characteristics.

Complete Destruction of Ag Br Emulsion Nuclei BY28Si Ions with 4.5 GeV/Nucleon Energy

The main experimental characteristics (multiplicity characteristics) of secondary particles have been investigated in interactions of 28Si with emulsion at 4.5 GeV/c per nucleon at rest of emulsion, nuclei. The complete destruction of the heavy target nuclei (Ag, Br) has been studied. The average of shower particles is weakly dependent on the target mass whereas the average multiplicity of grey particles is strongly dependent on it. The correlations between the multiplicities of the charged secondaries at different mass number of the projectile and center-of-mass-available energy are investigated.

Multiple characteristic structure fragments scans coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry strategy for discovering unknown structural analogs of mycotoxins in food

The cereals and their products,which have been easily infected by fungi and contaminated with mycotoxins,are serious threat to both human and animals alike.And yet,detection of these unknown fungal infection and mycotoxins contaminates remains a great challenge.In this work,a holistic approach based on multiple characteristic structure fragments scans and high-resolution mass spectrometry(HRMS)was proposed for discovering unknown structural analogues of mycotoxins.The structural similarity of the same class of compounds provides a direction for the discovery and identification of unknown structural analogues of mycotoxins.The following steps were carried out:the fragmentation pathways of four types of mycotoxins were elucidated through comprehensive fragment analysis.By the combination of fragmentation pathways,the multiple characteristic structure fragments were screened out,with the common fragments were obtained by Veen diagram.Finally multiple characteristic structure fragments scans were carried out to find the unknown structural analogues of mycotoxins.The approach,first proposed by us,was proved to be effective in discovering and identifying 5 structural analogues of mycotoxins in real samples.It was proved to be a simple,fast and accurate method for early detection of fungal infection and mycotoxin contaminants,even for trace amounts of chemicals in complex matrix,and is of great significance to prevent hazardous substances infection from the food supply chains worldwide.

Multiple Choice Items in Testing

Language testing is very important and necessary,and moreover as we all know,nowadays,in English language testing, the muhiple-choice item is most widely used and many users regard the multiple-choice item as the most flexible and probably the most effective of the objective item types.The multiple-choice item has its characteristics,advantages and disadvantages.We should bring out its strengths to make up for its weaknesses and use it appropriately.Although it has its limitations,it is suitable for large-scale tests and tests dealing with wide-range knowledge.We should correctly ap- ply testing principles and methods in order to make testing more effective and reliable.

One-Sided Exact Boundary Null Controllability of Entropy Solutions to a Class of Hyperbolic Systems of Conservation Laws with Characteristics with Constant Multiplicity

This paper proves the local exact one-sided boundary null controllability of entropy solutions to a class of hyperbolic systems of conservation laws with characteristics with constant multiplicity. This generalizes the results in [Li, T. and Yu, L., One-sided exact boundary null controllability of entropy solutions to a class of hyperbolic systems of conservation laws, To appear in Journal de Mathematiques Pures et Appliquees, 2016.] for a class of strictly hyperbolic systems of conservation laws.

An environmental flow assessment method based on the relationships between flow and ecological response: A case study of the Three Gorges Reservoir and its downstream reach

The current environmental flow assessment of Chinese rivers is thought to have three shortcomings: The first is that environmental flow requirements of reservoirs in dammed rivers are usually not explicitly considered; the second is that enough attentions have not been paid to the inherent links between flow regime and ecological processes; the third is that most studies focus on the variable range of merely one hydrological element such as discharge needed by riverine ecosystems. Here, first proposed is a holistic method for environmental flow assessment, the flow-ecological response relationship method that is suitable for large rivers with relatively abundant ecological data. Based on the conceptual models and quantitative relationships between flow and ecological response, this method comprehensively considers the ecological conservation requirements of both reservoir and its downstream reach. Then, it is applied to assessing the environmental flows of the Three Gorges Reservoir and its downstream reach by the following steps: 1) Construction of conceptual models of flow-ecological response; 2) identification of ecological targets of environmental flows and their key periods; 3) development of the quantitative relationships between hydrological indicators and ecological indictors; 4) preliminary assessment of environmental flow according to the tradeoff between ecological targets and water demands of human. The environmental flow hydrographs obtained have explicit ecological conservation targets, time schedule of achieving each target, and characteristics of multiple hydrological elements such as flow, water level, frequency, timing, duration and rate of change. The case study has tested the reasonability and feasibility of this method, and the results of this study are expected to provide technical support and decision reference for improving the operation of the Three Gorges-Gezhouba cascade reservoirs.

Asymptotic Behavior of Global Classical Solutions of Quasilinear Non-strictly Hyperbolic Systems with Weakly Linear Degeneracy

In this paper, we study the asymptotic behavior of global classical solutions of the Cauchy problem for general quasilinear hyperbolic systems with constant multiple and weakly linearly degenerate characteristic fields. Based on the existence of global classical solution proved by Zhou Yi et al., we show that, when t tends to infinity, the solution approaches a combination of C^1 travelling wave solutions, provided that the total variation and the L^1 norm of initial data are sufficiently small.

System size dependence in backward relativistic hadron production in pA and AA collisions

Abstract： In this comprehensive study the multiplicity characteristics of the backward emitted relativistic hadron （shower particle） through hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus are overviewed in three dimensions. These dimensions are the projectile size, target size, and energy. To confirm the universality in this production system, wide ranges of system size and energy （Elab～2.1 A up to 200 A GeV） are used. The multiplicity characteristics of this hadron imply a limiting behavior with respect to the projectile size and energy. The target size is the main effective parameter in this production system. The exponential decay shapes is a characteristic feature of the backward shower particle multiplicity distributions. The decay constant changes with the target size to be nearly 2.02, 1.41, and 1.12 for the interactions with CNO, Era, and AgBr nuclei, respectively, irrespective of the projectile size and energy. While the backward production probability and average multiplicity are constants at different projectile sizes and energies, they can be correlated with the target size in power law relations.