Stochastic Model for Multiple Classes and Subclasses Simple Documents Processing

The issue of document management has been raised for a long time, especially with the appearance of office automation in the 1980s, which led to dematerialization and Electronic Document Management (EDM). In the same period, workflow management has experienced significant development, but has become more focused on the industry. However, it seems to us that document workflows have not had the same interest for the scientific community. But nowadays, the emergence and supremacy of the Internet in electronic exchanges are leading to a massive dematerialization of documents;which requires a conceptual reconsideration of the organizational framework for the processing of said documents in both public and private administrations. This problem seems open to us and deserves the interest of the scientific community. Indeed, EDM has mainly focused on the storage (referencing) and circulation of documents (traceability). It paid little attention to the overall behavior of the system in processing documents. The purpose of our researches is to model document processing systems. In the previous works, we proposed a general model and its specialization in the case of small documents (any document processed by a single person at a time during its processing life cycle), which represent 70% of documents processed by administrations, according to our study. In this contribution, we extend the model for processing small documents to the case where they are managed in a system comprising document classes organized in subclasses;which is the case for most administrations. We have thus observed that this model is a Markovian ML×K/ML×K/1 queues network. We have analyzed the constraints of this model and deduced certain characteristics and metrics. In fine, the ultimate objective of our work is to design a document workflow management system, integrating a component of global behavior prediction.

Integration control for traffic corridors considering guidance information

The problem of designing integration traffic strategies for traffic corridors with the use of ramp metering, speed limit, and route guidance is considered in this paper. As an improvement to the previous work, the presented approach has the following five features： 1） modeling traffic flow to analyze traffic characteristics under the influence of variable speed limit, on-ramp metering and guidance information; 2） building a hierarchy model to realize the integration design of traffic control and route guidance in traffic corridors; 3） devising a multi-class analytical dynamic traffic assignment （DTA） model for traffic corridors, where not only the route choice process will be different for each user-class, but also the traffic flow operations are user-class specific because the travel time characteristic for each user-class is considered; 4） predicting route choice probabilities adaptively with real-time traffic conditions and route choice behaviors corresponding to variant users, rather than assuming as pre-determined; and 5） suggesting a numerical solution algorithm of the hierarchy model presented in this paper based on the modified algorithm of iterative optimization assignment （IOA）. Preliminary numerical test demonstrates the potential of the developed model and algorithm for integration corridor control.

Adaptive radio resource allocation for multiple traffic OFDMA broadband wireless access system

In this article, an adaptive radio resource ＂allocation algorithm applied to multiple traffic orthogonal frequency division multiple access （OFDMA） system is proposed, which distributes subcarriers and bits among users according to their different quality of service requirements and traffic type. By classifying and priorifizing the users based on their traffic characteristic and ensuring resource for higher priority users, the new scheme decreases tremendously the outage probability of the users requiring a real-time transmission without impact on the spectrum efficiency of system, as well as the outage probability of data users is not increased compared with the radio resource allocation methods published.

A STUDY OF THE ROLE OF L1-CHINESE IN ACQUIRING AN L2-ENGLISH WORD LACK BY CHINESE EFL LEARNERS

Based on Nation's (2004) classification of word knowledge and Jiang's(2000) psycholinguistic model of vocabulary acquisition in a second language,this experimental study centres on the role Of L1-Chinese in developing the semantic and syntactic aspects of the word lack by Chinese EFL learners.Two production tests and an acceptability test are employed among 90 subjects.From the results of the study,it can be seen that Chinese EFL learners have great difficulty in acquiring lack because of the negative influence of their L1- Chinese.That is,Chinese EFL learners are more likely to misuse an L2 word with multiple word classes, when the syntactic category of its L1-Chinese'equivalent'word is only identical with one of these classes. Thus,it is proposed that both Chinese EFL teachers and learners should pay more attention to the cross- language'equivalents'that do not belong to the same word-class category in their L2 word acquisition to prevent the negative Ll-transference and the occurrence of lexical fossilization.