Animal model of non-bacterial multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in the elderly

Objective To establish a model of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in the elderly (MODSE) by intraperitoneal injection of different doses of zymosan, and to compare the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in adult and in the elderly rats. Methods Adult and senile rats, injected with different doses of zymosan intraperitoneally were examined for the changes in the function and morphology of the vital organs, including heart, liver, brain, lungs, and kidneys using blood gas and biochemistry analysis and histopathological examination methods. Results Compared with the normal controls of the adult and the elderly rats, the blood gas and blood biochemistry changed in different degrees in the different dosed zymosan groups. Pathological changes were also found in the vital organs including lungs, heart, liver, brain, kidneys, erc in the experimental groups. Under the same concentrations of zymosan, the reductions in respiratory, cardiac and renal functions in the senile groups were much more severe than those in the corresponding adult group. In the similar degree of model duplication, the senile rats had the tendency to die later than the adult rats. Conclusions Zymosan can be used in both elderly and adult rats to induce MODS model, and the best dosage for MODSE was 0.Sg/kg injected peritoneally. The model would hopefully be used in the study of mechanisms and the therapeutics on MODSE.

Adult-onset Still's disease evolving with multiple organ failure and death:A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND Adult-onset Still’s disease(AOSD)is a rare systemic inflammatory disease,which is characterized by daily fever and arthritis,with an evanescent rash and neutrophilic leukocytosis.To date,there has been no definite laboratory or imaging test available for diagnosing AOSD;the diagnosis is one of exclusion,which can be very challenging.In particular,AOSD patients may experience different complications affecting their clinical picture,management,and prognosis.The treatment of AOSD remains largely empirical and involves therapeutic agents.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 36-year-old woman who presented with fever,red rash,arthralgia,and sore throat.Her serum ferritin level and white blood cell count were markedly elevated,and the first diagnosis 22 years prior was"juvenile rheumatoid arthritis of systemic type".The patient was treated with prednisone,sulfasalazine,methotrexate,and leflunomide.After remission of her symptoms,the patient stopped taking the medications,and the disease recurred.Ultimately,the patient was diagnosed with adult-onset Still's disease.Relapse occurred several times due to self-medication withdrawal,and an interleukin-6 antagonist(tocilizumab/Actemra)was administered to control the disease.Recently,she was hospitalized because an incision did not heal,and the patient suddenly developed high fever and diarrhea during hospitalization.The patient's disease progressed violently and quickly developed into macrophage activation syndrome,disseminated intravascular coagulation,shock,and multiple organ failure.The patient had sudden cardiac arrest,and she died despite emergency rescue efforts.CONCLUSION AOSD patients need regular follow-up in the long-term treatment process,and must press formulary standard medication,and do not voluntarily withdraw or reduce the dose.Otherwise it may cause disease back-and-forth or serious lifethreatening complications.Meanwhile,strict management of trauma,infections,tumors,and other diseases may contribute to improved outcomes in patients with complications.

Changes of thromboxane and prostacyclin in the pathogenesis of multiple organ failure in severe burns

Fifty-seven severely burned patients were divided into 2 groups:16 withmultiple organ failure（MOF）,and 41 without MOF.It was found that the levelof thromboxane B2（TXB2）and the ratio between TXB2 and 6-keto-prostaglandinF1α(TBX2/6-keto-PGF1α)in plasma and in visceral tissues were increased and re-mained significantly high in the first 5～7 d postburn in patients with MOF but notso in those without MOF.The circulatory platelet aggregate ratio（CPAR）wasmarkedly decreased in the same period in MOF group.Myocardial enzymes（CPK,LDH,and GOT）were markedly increased in the first 3d and remainedsignificantly high within 7 d postburn.Degeneration,structural destruction,edema,hemorrhage and thrombosis were revealed in cardiac,pulmonary,renal andhepatic tissues succumbing to functional failure.Thirteen out of the 16 cases de-veloped MOF during the 3rd to 7th day posthurn and 11 died in that period.These findings substantiate that persistent increase of thromboxane andthromboxane/prostacyclin ratio is closely related to the origin and development ofMOF after burn injury.

Effect of Early Hemofiltration on Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Responses and Multiple Organ Failure in Severe Acute Pancreatitis

The effects of early hemofiltration on the serum levels of cytokines, pro- and anti-inflammatory balance and organ function in pigs with severe acute pancreatits (SAP) were studied. SAP pig model was induced by retrograde injection of artificial bile into the pancreatic duct. The pigs were randomly divided into SAP hemofiltration treatment group (HF group, n=8) and SAP non-hemofiltration treatment group (NHF group, n=8). In the HF group, the animals were subjected to high-volume and zero-balance hemofiltration therapy. The results showed that as compared with NHF group, MAP, CVP and PaO 2/FiO 2 were significantly increased (P<0.01), while HR, urinary protein content, serum ALT level, pulmonary coefficient and lung wet/dry ratio obviously decreased (P<0.05) in HF group. Under a light microscope, the pulmonary histologic scoring was lower that in HF group (P<0.01) and the lesions of renal and liver tissues were milder. However, there was no significant difference in the pancreatic histologic scoring between the two groups. Six h after establishment of the model, the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β were lower, while the IL-10/TNF-α ratio was higher in HF group (all P<0.05). It was suggested that early hemofiltration could effectively remove the serum cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β in SAP pigs, elevate the ratio of IL-10/TNF-α, improve hemodynamics and alleviate the lesions of lung, kidney and liver tissues.

Case Report: A Severe Hypernatremia with Multiple Organ Failure, about a Clinical Observation

A hypernatremia severity is often associated with a poor prognosis, especially if it is associated with multiple organ failure. In a country with very limited resources, the prognosis may be favorable in the absence of renal replacement. We report the case of a 63 years old woman, hypertensive and diabetic, admitted to the ICU for unconsciousness. Clinically, neurological examination notes a Glasgow of 8/15 (Y2, V2, M4) and a left hemiplegia. Temperature was 39°C. Diuresis was 100 ml during the first 24 hours. Blood pressure was 90/60 mmHg, tachycardia at 133/min. Cardiac auscultation is normal. Vascular axes were weakly perceptible. Oxygen saturation was 95%. The skin examination notes a dry skin and mucous membranes, a flattening of the superficial veins, sunken eyes and a persistent skin fold. There is no hepatomegaly or splenomegaly, or jaundice. Biological point of view note natremia: 176 mmol/L;osmolarity: 390 mosmol/kg;creatinin: 300 μmol/L;glycemia > 6 g/L;transaminases 217 UI. Diagnostics: malignant hypernatremia with a high plasma osmolarity associated with an acute anuric renal failure, hydro electrolytic disorders, an abnormal liver function, a fever of central origin and a stroke. The treatment consisted of a correction of the electrolyte disorders by infusion of isotonic and hypotonic fluids with insulin. In a country with very limited resources, the severe hypernatremia prognosis associated with anuric acute renal failure may be favorable in the absence of renal replacement.

Full neurological recovery from severe nonexertional heat stroke with multiple organ dysfunction:A case report

BACKGROUND We report a rare case of full neurological recovery from severe nonexertional heat stroke in a 67-year-old woman with an initial Glasgow Coma Scale of 3.This report raises awareness among doctors that when heatstroke is diagnosed,comprehensive treatment should be implemented as soon as possible.Moreover,targeted temperature management,combination therapy with hemodialysis and hemoperfusion,and hyperbaric oxygen therapy may alleviate multiorgan failure and prevent neurological sequelae caused by heatstroke.CASE SUMMARY A previously healthy 67-year-old woman with an initial Glasgow Coma Scale of 3 was found lying prone on the road at noon on a summer day.Laboratory tests revealed multiorgan failure.As soon as heatstroke was diagnosed,comprehensive treatment was implemented.On hospital Day 3,the patient was extubated.Her initial Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score at hospitalization was 14 and decreased to 2 on hospital Day 4.On the seventh day following hospital admission,as the patient’s general condition improved,the levels of laboratory test findings decreased rapidly.Finally,the patient gradually recovered with no other neurological symptoms(the Glasgow Coma Scale at discharge was 15,and her ability to walk independently was restored).CONCLUSION This case demonstrated that targeted temperature management,combination therapy with hemodialysis and hemoperfusion,and hyperbaric oxygen therapy may alleviate multiorgan failure and prevent neurological sequelae caused by heatstroke.

A case report of melioidosis pneumonia with multiple organ failure

Objective:To analyze the clinical and follow-up data of patients with multiple organ failure of melioidosis pneumonia,to strengthen the understanding of melioidosis,and to provide references for the diagnosis and treatment of clinicians,especially doctors in Hai nan province with high incidence,so as to reduce misdiagnosis,improve the diagnosis rate and reduce the mortality.Methods:The clinical symptoms,signs,laboratory examination and follow-up of patients with multiple organ failure were analyzed retrospectively.Results:Multiple organ failure with melioidosis pneumonia was easily misdiagnosed,Treatment cycle is long,easy to relapse.Conclusion:It is very important to analyze and differentiate the anthrax with multiple organ failure,especially in Hai nan province,which can improve the diagnosis rate and reduce the mortality.

Lung epithelial cell-derived IL-25 negatively regulates LPS-induced exosome release from macrophages

Background: Acute lung injury(ALI) is a major component of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS) following pulmonary and systemic infection. Alveolar macrophages(AMφ) are at the center of ALI pathogenesis. Emerging evidence has shown that cell-cell interactions in the lungs play an important regulatory role in the development of acute lung inflammation. However, the underneath mechanisms remain poorly addressed. In this study, we explore a novel function of lung epithelial cells(LEPCs) in regulating the release of exosomes from AMφ following LPS stimulation.Methods: For the in vivo experiments, C57 BL/6 wildtype(WT) mice were treated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)(2 mg/kg) in 0.2 ml of saline via intratracheal aerosol administration. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected at 0–24 h after LPS treatment, and exosomes derived from AMφ were measured. For the in vitro studies, LEPCs and bone marrowderived Mφ(BMDM) were isolated from WT or TLR4-/-mice and were then cocultured in the Transwell? system. After coculture for 0–24 h, the BMDM and supernatant were harvested for the measurement of exosomes and cytokines.Results: We demonstrate that LPS induces macrophages(Mφ) to release exosomes, which are then internalized by neighboring Mφ to promote TNF-α expression. The secreted interleukin(IL)-25 from LEPCs downregulates Rab27 a and Rab27 b expression in Mφ, resulting in suppressed exosome release and thereby attenuating exosome-induced TNF-α expression and secretion.Conclusion: These findings reveal a previously unidentified crosstalk pathway between LEPCs and Mφ that negatively regulates the inflammatory responses of Mφ to LPS. Modulating IL-25 signaling and targeting exosome release may present a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ALI.

Liver plays a central role in asymmetric dimethylargininemediated organ injury

Asymmetric-dimethylarginine(ADMA) competes with L-arginine for each of the three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase:endothelial;neuronal;inducible.ADMA is synthesized by protein methyltransferases followed by proteolytic degradation.ADMA is metabolized to citrulline and dimethylamine,by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase(DDAH) and enters cells through cationic amino-acid transporters extensively expressed in the liver.The liver plays a crucial role in ADMA metabolism by DDAH-1 and,as has been recently demonstrated,it is also responsible for ADMA biliary excretion.A correlation has been demonstrated between plasma ADMA levels and the degree of hepatic dysfunction in patients suffering from liver diseases with varying aetiologies:plasma ADMA levels are increased in patients with liver cirrhosis,alcoholic hepatitis and acute liver failure.The mechanism by which liver dysfunction results in raised ADMA concentrations is probably due to impaired activity of DDAH due to severe inflammation,oxidative stress,and direct damage to DDAH.High plasma ADMA levels are also relevant as they are associated with the onset of multiorgan failure(MOF).Increased plasma concentration of ADMA was identified as an independent risk factor for MOF in critically-ill patients causing enhanced Intensive Care Unit mortality:a significant reduction in nitric oxide synthesis,leading to malperfusion in various organs,eventually culminating in multi organs dysfunction.

The Risk Factors of Intensive Care Unit Admittance during First Attack of Acute Pancreatitis

Background: A proportion of patients with acute pancreatitis develop severe organ dysfunction requiring admittance in an intensive care unit. Patient characteristics associated with ICU admittance were evaluated in this consecutive series of patients. Methods: The clinical course of patients with first attack of acute pancreatitis in urban Norway between 01.01.1996 and 31.12.2006 was reviewed. Patient characteristics, comorbidity, pre hospital delay and likely aetiology of acute pancreatitis were analysed as risk factors for ICU admittance. Results: This study includes 565 patients, 299 women and 266 men (p = 0.089), with a median age of 60 years (range: 17 - 98). 50 (9%) of the patients were admitted to the ICU. Men were more at risk than women for ICU admittance (OR 2.34;95% CI: 1.27 - 4.32). Patients with alcohol associated pancreatitis (OR 5.94;95%, CI: 2.61 - 13.53), miscellaneous aetiologies (OR: 2.81, 95% CI: 1.02 - 7.73) and non-assessed aetiology (OR: 2.71, 95%, CI: 1.26 - 5.82) were more at risk of ICU admittance than patients with bile stones associated pancreatitis. Pre hospital delay increased the risk of ICU admittance amongst patients with alcohol associated pancreatitis (OR: 4.23;95%, CI: 1.11 - 16.18). Two comorbid conditions conveyed increased risk (OR: 8.78;95%, CI: 1.87 - 41.22). The case fatality rate was 24% in the ICU and 1.6% in the ward (OR 20.01, 95% CI: 7.71 - 51.93). Conclusions: Aetiology of acute pancreatitis, especially alcohol, pre-hospital delay and male gender are associated with increased of risk of ICU admittance and increased fatality rate during first attack of AP.

Shoshin脚气病并多器官功能衰竭一例

1病例资料患者男性,32岁,因“双下肢水肿半月”入院。患者自述于2022年5月5日因双下肢水肿自服呋噻米治疗,双下肢水肿逐渐好转。2022年5月10日出现胸闷、呼吸困难等,且症状持续加重,2 d后出现低血压、少尿(约200 ml/d)等表现。当地医院给予抗感染及血管活性药物等治疗,但症状持续加重,于2022年5月13日转入武汉大学中南医院治疗。既往体健,无高血压病、糖尿病、心肌炎等病史,无酗酒及毒品接触史等,平常喜欢进食烧烤食物,偶饮啤酒。

<i>γδ</i>-T Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia Associated Hemaphagocytic Syndrome Complicated with Multiple Organ Dysfunction

Hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) usually presents as a complication of T/NK cell lymphoma. However, γδ-T large granular lymphocyte leukemia (LGL) associated HPS was rarely reported. Herein, we reported a case of γδ-T LGL associated HPS. A previously healthy 21-year-old Chinese man was admitted with high fever, severe pancytopenia and liver dysfunction. He developed disseminated intravascular coaggulation (DIC), shock, gastrointestinal bleeding, acute renal failure as well as central nervous system involvement. Bone marrow aspiration showed infiltration of large granular lymphocytes and hemophagocytic histiocytes. Immunophenotyping analysis by four-color flow cytometry showed the leukemic cells with large side scatter (SSC), CD3+, CD2+, CD8+, CD5-, CD7 partly+, CD4-, CD56-, CD57-. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of TCRβ and γ chain gene rearrangement confirmed TCRγδ T cell clone. Thus, a diagnosis of γδ-T LGL associated HPS was established. The patient worsened rapidly and died of multiple organ failure.

Volumetric Overload Shocks: Why Is Starling’s Law for Capillary Interstitial Fluid Transfer Wrong? The Hydrodynamics of a Porous Orifice Tube as Alternative

Based on clinical and experimental work two new types of volumetric overload shocks are reported: volumetric overload shock type one and type two depending on the type of fluid causing their induction. Volumetric overload shock type one is induced by sodium-free fluids such as glycine, glucose, mannitol and sorbitol and is characterized with acute dilutional hyponatraemia. Volumetric overload shock type 2 is induced with sodium-based fluids normal saline and plasma substitutes used for resuscitation of the critically ill and has no serological marker. It presents with the multiple vital organs dysfunction or failure syndrome or the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Hypertonic sodium is an effective treatment when given early adequately. The underlying pathophysiology is discussed. An alternative to Starling’s law for the capillary interstitial fluid transfer is given. Hydrodynamic of a porous orifice tube akin to capillary with a surrounding Chamber akin to the interstitial fluid space demonstrated a rapid dynamic magnetic field-like fluid circulation between the surrounding chamber and the lumen of the G tube that represent an adequate replacement for Starling’s law.

血清IL-18、CD64及SIRT3对重症肺炎患者多器官功能衰竭的预测价值

目的探讨血清白细胞介素-18(IL-18)、中性粒细胞分化抗原64(CD64)及沉默信息调节因子相关酶3(SIRT3)对重症肺炎患者多器官功能衰竭(MOFE)的预测价值。方法回顾性选取2020年8月至2022年8月新乡医学院第一附属医院收治的300例重症肺炎患者的临床资料,根据有无MOFE发生分为MOFE组90例和非MOFE组210例。比较两组患者的一般资料及血清IL-18、CD64及SIRT3水平,采用Logistic回归分析重症肺炎患者MOFE影响因素;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价血清IL-18、CD64及SIRT3水平对重症肺炎患者MOFE发生的预测价值。结果MOFE组患者的年龄、慢阻肺所占比例、CPIS评分、APCHEⅡ评分明显高于非MOFE组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);MOFE组患者的血清IL-18、CD64水平分别为(22.49±5.04)ng/L、(46.83±5.92)%,明显高于非MOFE组(16.46±3.59)ng/L、(39.06±4.26)%,SIRT3水平为(3.98±0.84)pg/mL,明显低于非MOFE组(4.82±1.25)pg/mL,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);经Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、合并慢阻肺、血清IL-18、CD64及SIRT3均为重症肺炎患者MOFE发生的影响因素(P<0.05);血清IL-18、CD64及SIRT3水平预测重症肺炎患者MOFE发生的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.804、0.807、0.742,三指标联合预测MOFE发生的AUC为0.926,明显高于血清IL-18、CD64及SIRT3单独预测(Z=22.941、20.837、25.963,P<0.001),此时最佳敏感度、特异度分别为78.89%、91.43%。结论重症肺炎患者血清IL-18、CD64水平升高,SIRT3水平下降,均为MOFE发生的重要因素,联合检测三者水平有助于预测重症肺炎患者MOFE的发生。

基于损伤控制理论的救治管理对肝脏与胆管外伤患者救治效果的影响

目的 探究基于损伤控制理论的救治管理在肝脏与胆管外伤患者救治中的应用效果。方法 回顾性分析2022年8月—2023年3月收治的肝脏与胆管外伤102例的临床资料,根据临床处理方案分为观察组52例和对照组50例,对照组实施常规急诊救治,观察组实施基于损伤控制理论的救治管理。观察2组救治相关指标、并发症及干预前后损伤严重程度、氧化应激指标[髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)]变化情况。结果 观察组手术时间、术后肛门首次排气时间及住院时间均短于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组(P<0.01);干预后,观察组损伤严重程度轻于对照组(P<0.05);干预后,观察组血清MPO、MDA水平低于对照组,血清SOD水平高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组多器官功能障碍综合征、失血性休克发生率分别为3.85%(3/52)、1.92%(1/52),低于对照组的18.00%(9/50)、16.00%(8/50),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 基于损伤控制理论的救治管理可降低肝脏与胆管外伤患者应激及损伤程度,加速康复进程,改善临床结局。

急性病毒性肝炎患者心电图异常相关因素及其对预后的预测价值

目的探讨急性病毒性肝炎患者心电图异常相关因素及其对预后的预测价值。方法选取2020年2月—2023年2月收治的伴心电图异常急性病毒性肝炎78例为异常组,无心电图异常急性病毒性肝炎120例为无异常组,收集2组临床资料并分析心电图异常相关因素。随访6个月,将心电图异常78例分为预后良好组[多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)评分≤12分]、预后不良组(MODS评分>12分),分析心电图异常相关因素对急性病毒性肝炎患者预后影响及预测价值。结果心电图异常78例心电图表现为T波改变(42.31%,33/78)、窦性心动过缓(34.62%,27/78)、窦性心动过缓伴窦性心律不齐(24.36%,19/78)等。Logistic回归分析显示,疾病类型、总胆红素(TBIL)、脑钠肽(BNP)、左心室Tei指数及伴肝硬化、伴门静脉高压是急性病毒性肝炎患者心电图异常的影响因素(P<0.05)。预后良好组、预后不良组疾病类型、TBIL、BNP、左心室Tei指数及伴肝硬化、伴门静脉高压患者所占比例比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。受试者工作特征曲线显示疾病类型、TBIL、BNP、左心室Tei指数、伴肝硬化、伴门静脉高压联合预测急性病毒性肝炎患者预后的曲线下面积为0.943,大于各指标单独预测(P<0.05)。结论急性病毒性肝炎患者心电图异常与疾病类型、TBIL、BNP、左心室Tei指数、伴肝硬化、伴门静脉高压相关,且相关因素对患者预后有一定预测价值。

淋巴细胞亚群和细胞因子检测在脓毒症并发MODS中的应用价值

目的分析淋巴细胞亚群和细胞因子检测在脓毒症并发多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)中的应用价值。方法收集2022年1月至2023年6月中山大学附属第一医院符合《脓毒症与感染性休克的国际共识》中脓毒症诊断标准的脓毒症患者103例为研究对象,根据是否发生MODS分为MODS组(46例)与非MODS组(57例)。回顾性分析这两组患者的基线资料、淋巴细胞亚群、细胞因子和血清学指标,使用秩和检验比较两组患者淋巴细胞亚群、细胞因子与血清学指标水平,采用受试者工作特征曲线分析淋巴细胞亚群、细胞因子和血清学指标诊断脓毒症并发MODS的效能。结果MODS组CD3^(+)CD19^(-)、CD3^(+)CD4^(+)、CD3^(+)CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞水平明显低于非MODS组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。MODS组白细胞介素(IL)-2、IL-6、IL-10、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α水平明显高于非MODS组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CD3^(+)CD19^(-)、CD3^(+)CD4^(+)、CD3^(+)CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞诊断脓毒症并发MODS的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.899、0.711、0.676;IL-2、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α诊断脓毒症患者MODS的AUC分别为0.637、0.797、0.761、0.650;PCT诊断脓毒症并发MODS的AUC为0.720。结论淋巴细胞亚群、细胞因子水平对诊断脓毒症并发MODS有一定价值,其中CD3^(+)CD19^(-)T淋巴细胞诊断灵敏度最高,IL-6诊断特异度最高。

Advancing cell-based therapy in sepsis:An anesthesia outlook

Sepsis poses a health challenge globally owing to markedly high rates of morbidity and mortality.Despite employing bundle therapy over two decades,approaches including transient organ supportive therapy and clinical trials focusing on signaling pathways have failed in effectively reversing multiple organ failure in patients with sepsis.Prompt and appropriate perioperative management for surgical patients with concurrent sepsis is urgent.Consequently,innovative therapies focusing on remedying organ injuries are necessitated.Cell therapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic avenue for repairing local damage to vital organs and restoring homeostasis during perioperative treatment for sepsis.Given the pivotal role of immune cell responses in the pathogenesis of sepsis,stem cell-based interventions that primarily modulate immune responses by interacting with multiple immune cells have progressed into clinical trials.The strides made in single-cell sequencing and gene-editing technologies have advanced the understanding of disease-specific immune responses in sepsis.Chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-immune cell therapy offers an intriguing option for the treatment of sepsis.This review provides a concise overview of immune cell therapy,its current status,and the strides made in the context of sepsis research,discussing potential strategies for the management of patients with sepsis during perioperative stages.

复合感染脓毒症模型大鼠的炎症与凝血功能紊乱进程

目的探讨脓毒症病程中凝血功能和炎症水平的改变。方法通过改良盲肠结扎穿刺术(cecal ligation and puncture,CLP)构建复合感染脓毒症大鼠模型(multiple infection sepsis model,MIM),将48只雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白组(Control组,n=8)、假手术组(Sham组,n=8)、复合感染脓毒症模型4 h(4 h组,n=8)、8 h(8 h组,n=8)、12 h(12 h组,n=8)、16 h(16 h组,n=8)组,检测炎症指标和凝血相关指标。结果(1)所有脓毒症模型大鼠脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)及白介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)含量较Sham组均显著升高(P<0.001),且术后随时间延长,LPS及IL-6含量逐渐升高,12 h后LPS无明显变化;(2)脓毒症模型病程中后期组(8 h及以后)凝血酶原时间(prothrombin time,PT)较Sham组明显延长(P<0.01);(3)与Sham组相比,8 h组、12 h组、16 h组活化部分凝血酶原时间(activated partial thromboplastin time,APTT)时间显著延长(P<0.05,P<0.01),且8 h后APTT逐渐延长接近Control组;(4)8 h后(不含8 h)纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen,Fbg)含量较Sham组显著增加(P<0.01);(5)脓毒症病程各时间段组均与Control组纤维蛋白降解产物(fibrin degradation products,FDP)具有显著性差异(P<0.01),而与Sham组无显著性差异;(6)脓毒症病程各时间段组抗凝血酶-Ⅲ(antithrombin-Ⅲ,AT-Ⅲ)较Sham组均显著降低(P<0.01),且AT-Ⅲ随病程呈下降趋势,其中4 h组及8 h组与16 h组比存在显著性差异。结论MIM大鼠模型可较好地反映脓毒症病程中炎症与凝血紊乱的发展趋势与相互关系,可更好的为探究脓毒症病程发展提供研究基础。