PROTECTION OF CARBON MONOXIDE INHALATION ON LIPOPOLY-SACCHARIDE-INDUCED MULTIPLE ORGAN INJURY IN RATS

Objective To observe the protection of carbon monoxide （CO） inhalation on lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced rat multiple organ injury. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats with multiple organ injury induced by 5 mg/kg LPS intravenous injection were exposed to room air or 2.5 × 10 ^-4 （V/V） CO for 3 hours. The lung and intestine tissues of rats were harvested to measure the expression of heme oxygenase-1 （ HO-1 ） with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, the levels of pulmonary tumor necrosis factor-or （ TNF-α）, interleukin-6 （ IL-6）, and intestinal platelet activator factor （ PAF）, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1） with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the content of maleic dialdehyde （MDA） and the activity of myeloperoxidase （MPO） with chemical method, the cell apoptosis rate with flow cytometry, and the pathological changes with light microscope. Results CO inhalation obviously up-regulated the expression of HO-1 in lung （5.43 ± 0. 92） and intestine （6. 29 ± 1.56） in LPS ＋ CO group compared with （ 3.08 ± 0. 82） and （ 3.97 ± 1.16 ） in LPS group （ both P 〈 0. 05 ）. The levels of TNF-ot, IL-6 in lung and PAF, ICAM-1 in intestine ofLPS ＋ CO group were 0. 91 ±0. 25,0. 64 ±0.05, 1. 19 ± 0. 52, and 1.83 ±0. 35 pg/mg, respectively, significantly lower than the corresponding values in LPS group （ 1.48 ± 0. 23, 1.16 ± 0. 26, 1.84 ± 0. 73, and 3.48 ± 0. 36 pg/mg, all P 〈 0. 05 ）. The levels of MDA, MPO, and cell apoptosis rate in lung and intestine of LPS ＋ CO group were 1.02 ± 0. 23 nmol/mg, 1.74 ± 0. 17 nmol/mg, 7.18 ± 1.62 U/mg, 6. 30 ±0. 97 U/mg, 1.60% ±0. 34%, and 30. 56% ±6. 33%, respectively, significantly lower than the corresponding values in LPS group （ 1.27 ± 0. 33 nmol/mg, 2. 75 ± 0. 39 nmol/mg, 8. 16 ± 1.49 U/mg, 7. 72 ± 1.07 U/mg, 3.18% ±0. 51%, and 41.52% -＋3.36%, all P 〈0.05）. In addition, injury of lung and intestine induced by LPS was attenuated at presence of CO inhalation. Conclusion CO inhalation protects rat lung and intestine from LPS-induced injury via anti-oxidantion, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and up-regulation of HO-1 expression.

Effects of Qingwen Baidu decoction on coagulation and multiple organ injury in rat models of sepsis

Background:Sepsis-induced coagulopathy and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes are the leading causes of death in patients with sepsis.Qingwen Baidu decoction(QWBD)can effectively improve the clinical manifestations of sepsis and ease inflammation,but its effects on coagulation functions and multiple organ injuries remain unclear.Methods:100 healthy,male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the sham group,the cecal ligation and puncture(CLP)group,the low-dose QWBD group,and the high-dose QWBD group,with 25 rats in each group.The sepsis model was established using CLP.Blood was collected to measure platelet count,serum creatinine(Cr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)levels,as well as coagulation function.The total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)was determined in each group of rats.The lung,liver,and kidney tissues were harvested,and statistics were calculated on the wet-to-dry(W/D)weight ratio.Changes in histopathology and thrombin level were evaluated in each group.The remaining ten rats in each group were observed daily to record the number of surviving rats.Such observation was made consecutively for 7 days to calculate survival rates.Results:After model establishment,ALT,AST,Cr,and BUN levels were significantly elevated(P<0.01).The BALF protein content and lung W/D weight ratio were significantly increased(P<0.01).Furthermore,the survival rate of rats was significantly reduced in the CLP group compared with the sham group.After the treatment,rats in the high-dose QWBD group had lower ALT(P<0.05),AST(P<0.01),Cr(P<0.05),BUN(P<0.01)levels,lower BALF protein content(P<0.05)and lower lung W/D weight ratio(P<0.01)than the CLP group.However,rats in the high-dose QWBD group had significantly better pathological changes in the lung,liver,and kidney compared to the sham group.After the treatment,the platelet level in the peripheral blood was elevated(P<0.05)and both activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time were significantly shortened(P<0.01).The fibrinogen level was significantly increased(P<0.01).Finally,thrombin positive expression areas in the lung,liver,and kidney were significantly decreased in the high-dose QWBD group.Conclusion:QWBD can improve coagulation disorders caused by sepsis and has a protective effect on multiple organ injuries in rats.

Pathological changes at early stage of multiple organ injury in a rat model of severe acute pancreatitis

BACKGROUND: Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a commonly seen acute abdominal syndrome characterized by sudden onset, rapid progression and high mortality rate. The damage in peripheral organs may be more severe than that in the pancreas, and can even lead to multiple organ dysfunction. It is critical to recognize early pathological changes in multiple organs. This study aimed to assess the early pathological features of damaged organs in a rat model of SAP. METHODS: Thirty clean grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into a model control group (n=15) and a sham-operated group (n=15). The SAP rat model was induced by sodium taurocholate. Samples of blood and from multiple organs were collected 3 hours after operation. We assessed the levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, PLA2, NO, ET-1, MDA, amylases and endotoxin in blood and observed the early pathological changes in multiple damaged organs. RESULTS: Levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, PLA2, NO, ET-1 and MDA in serum and of amylase and endotoxin in plasma of the model control group rats were significantly higher than those of the sham-operated group (P<0.01). Different degrees of pathological change were observed in multiple damaged organs. CONCLUSION: Multiple organ injury may occur at the early stage of SAP in rats.

Preparation method of an ideal model of multiple organ injury of rat with severe acute pancreatitis

AIM： To establish an ideal model of multiple organ injury of rats with severe acute pancreatitis （SAP）.METHODS： SAP models were induced by retrograde injection of 0.1 mL/100 g 3.5% sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct of Sprague-Dawley rats. The plasma and samples of multiple organ tissues of rats were collected at 3, 6 and 12 h after modeling. The ascites volume, ascites/body weight ratio, and contents of amylase, endotoxin, endothelin-1 （ET-1）, nitrogen monoxidum （NO）, phospholipase A2 （PLA2）, tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）, interleukin-6 （IL-6） in plasma were determined. The histological changes of multiple organs were observed under light microscope.RESULTS： The ascites volume, ascites/body weight ratio, and contents of various inflammatory mediators in blood were higher in the model group than in the sham operation group at all time points [2.38 （1.10）, 2.58 （0.70）, 2.54 （0.71） vs 0.20 （0.04）, 0.30 （0.30）, 0.22 （0.10） at 3, 6 and 12 h in ascites/body weight ratio; 1582 （284）, 1769 （362）, 1618 （302） （U/L） vs 5303 （1373）, 6276 （1029）, 7538 （2934） （U/L） at 3, 6 and 12 h in Amylase; 0.016 （0.005）, 0.016 （0.010）, 0.014 （0.015） （EU/mL） vs 0,053 （0.029）, 0.059 （0.037）, 0.060 （0.022） （EU/mL） at 3, 6 and 12 h in Endotoxin; 3.900 （3.200）, 4.000 （1.700）, 5.300 （3.000） （ng/L） vs 41.438 （37.721）, 92.151 （23.119）, 65.016 （26.806） （ng/L） at 3, 6 and 12 h in TNF-α, all P 〈 0.01]. Visible congestion, edema and lamellar necrosis and massive leukocytic infiltration were found in the pancreas of rats of model group. There were also pathological changes of lung, liver, kidney, ileum, lymphonode, thymus, myocardium and brain.CONCLUSION： This rat model features reliability, convenience and a high achievement ratio. Complicated with multiple organ injury, it is an ideal animal model of SAR

Effect of Sheng-jiang powder on multiple-organ inflammatory injury in acute pancreatitis in rats fed a high-fat diet

BACKGROUND Obesity worsens inflammatory organ injury in acute pancreatitis(AP), but there is no effective preventive strategy. Sheng-jiang powder(SJP) has been shown to alleviate multiple-organ inflammatory injury in rats with high-fat diet-induced obesity. Hence, SJP is supposed to have an effect on multiple-organ inflammatory injury in AP in rats fed a high-fat diet.AIM To explore how obesity may contribute to aggravating inflammatory organ injury in AP in rats and observe the effect of SJP on multiple-organ inflammatory injury in AP in rats fed a high-fat diet.METHODS Rats were randomly assigned to a control group(CG), an obese group(OG), and an SJP treatment group(SG), with eight rats per group. The rats in the OG and SG were fed a high-fat diet. From the third week, the rats in the SG were given oral doses of SJP(5 g/kg of body weight). After 12 wk, AP was induced in the three groups. Serum amylase level, body weight, Lee's index, serum biochemistry parameters, and serum inflammatory cytokine and tissue cytokine levels were assessed, and the tissue histopathological scores were evaluated and compared.RESULTS Compared with the CG, serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10 levels were significantly higher in the OG, and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was significantly lower in the OG. Moreover,enhanced oxidative damage was observed in the pancreas, heart, spleen, lung,intestine, liver, and kidney. Evidence of an imbalanced antioxidant defense system, especially in the pancreas, spleen, and intestine, was observed in the obese AP rats. Compared with the OG, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, interleukin-10, and superoxide dismutase expression levels in the pancreas, spleen, and intestine were increased in the SG. Additionally, SJP intervention led to a decrease in the following parameters: body weight; Lee's index; serum triglyceride levels; serum total cholesterol levels; malondialdehyde expression levels in the pancreas, heart, spleen, lung, and liver; myeloperoxidase expression levels in the lung; and pathological scores in the liver.CONCLUSION Obesity may aggravate the inflammatory reaction and pathological multipleorgan injury in AP rats, and SJP may alleviate multiple-organ inflammatory injury in AP in rats fed a high-fat diet.

Impact of interleukin 6 levels on acute lung injury risk and disease severity in critically ill sepsis patients

BACKGROUND Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by a dysregulation of the host response to infection that can lead to acute lung injury(ALI)and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS).Interleukin 6(IL-6)is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of sepsis and its complications.AIM To investigate the relationship among plasma IL-6 levels,risk of ALI,and disease severity in critically ill patients with sepsis.METHODS This prospective and observational study was conducted in the intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital between January 2021 and December 2022.A total of 83 septic patients were enrolled.Plasma IL-6 levels were measured upon admission using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The development of ALI and MODS was monitored during hospitalization.Disease severity was evaluated by Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II(APACHE II)and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA)scores.RESULTS Among the 83 patients with sepsis,38(45.8%)developed ALI and 29(34.9%)developed MODS.Plasma IL-6 levels were significantly higher in patients who developed ALI than in those without ALI(median:125.6 pg/mL vs 48.3 pg/mL;P<0.001).Similarly,patients with MODS had higher IL-6 levels than those without MODS(median:142.9 pg/mL vs 58.7 pg/mL;P<0.001).Plasma IL-6 levels were strongly and positively correlated with APACHE II(r=0.72;P<0.001)and SOFA scores(r=0.68;P<0.001).CONCLUSIONElevated plasma IL-6 levels in critically ill patients with sepsis were associated with an increased risk of ALI andMODS.Higher IL-6 levels were correlated with greater disease severity,as reflected by higher APACHE II andSOFA scores.These findings suggest that IL-6 may serve as a biomarker for predicting the development of ALI anddisease severity in patients with sepsis.

Protective Effects of Erythropoietin on Endotoxin-related Organ Injury in Rats

Summary： The protective effect of erythropoietin （EPO） on tissues following ischemia and reperfusion injuries remains poorly understood. We aimed to investigate the effect of EPO in preventing en- dotoxin-induced organ damage. Rat model of multiple organ failure （MOF） was established by tail vein injection of 10 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide （LPS）. Recombinant human EPO treatment （5000 U/kg） was administered by tail vein injection at 30 min after LPS challenge. Twenty-four h after EPO treatment, changes in serum enzyme levels, including aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, alanine transaminase （ALT）, blood urea nitrogen （BUN） and creatinine （Cr）, were evaluated by biochemical analysis. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-tx （TNF-ct） were determined by using immunoradiometric assay. Histological examination of tissue sections was carried out by hematoxylin and eosin staining, while ul- trastructure evaluation of organ tissues was assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Protein ex- pression levels were detected by using Western blotting. EPO treatment showed a modest effect in pre- venting LPS-induced elevation of AST, ALT, BUN, Cr, and TNF-ct levels, and in protecting against LPS-induced tissue degeneration and injured ultrastructure in the lung, liver, and kidney. Moreover, LPS promoted phosphorylation of alanine aminotransferase （AKT） and increased nuclear factor-r,B （NF-rB） activation in the lung, liver, and kidney （P〈0.05 vs. control）. However, EPO treatment significantly de- creased the LPS-induced pAKT up-regulation in these tissues （P〈0.05 vs. LPS treatment alone）. The present study demonstrates that EPO may play a protective role against LPS-induced MOF by reducing the inflammatory response and tissue degeneration, possibly via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT and NF-r,B signaling pathways.

Intratracheal administration of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuates hyperoxia-induced multi-organ injury via heme oxygenase-1 and JAK/STAT pathways

BACKGROUND Bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)is not merely a chronic lung disease,but a systemic condition with multiple organs implications predominantly associated with hyperoxia exposure.Despite advances in current management strategies,limited progress has been made in reducing the BPD-related systemic damage.Meanwhile,although the protective effects of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-MSCs)or their exosomes on hyperoxia-induced lung injury have been explored by many researchers,the underlying mechanism has not been addressed in detail,and few studies have focused on the therapeutic effect on systemic multiple organ injury.AIM To investigate whether hUC-MSC intratracheal administration could attenuate hyperoxia-induced lung,heart,and kidney injuries and the underlying regulatory mechanisms.METHODS Neonatal rats were exposed to hyperoxia(80%O_(2)),treated with hUC-MSCs intratracheal(iT)or intraperitoneal(iP)on postnatal day 7,and harvested on postnatal day 21.The tissue sections of the lung,heart,and kidney were analyzed morphometrically.Protein contents of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF),myeloper oxidase(MPO)expression,and malondialdehyde(MDA)levels were examined.Pulmonary inflammatory cytokines were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.A comparative transcriptomic analysis of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in lung tissue was conducted via RNA-sequencing.Subsequently,we performed reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis to explore the expression of target mRNA and proteins related to inflammatory and oxidative responses.RESULTS iT hUC-MSCs administration improved pulmonary alveolarization and angiogenesis(P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.001,and P<0.05 for mean linear intercept,septal counts,vascular medial thickness index,and microvessel density respectively).Meanwhile,treatment with hUC-MSCs iT ameliorated right ventricular hypertrophy(for Fulton’s index,P<0.01),and relieved reduced nephrogenic zone width(P<0.01)and glomerular diameter(P<0.001)in kidneys.Among the beneficial effects,a reduction of BALF protein,MPO,and MDA was observed in hUC-MSCs groups(P<0.01,P<0.001,and P<0.05 respectively).Increased pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha,interleukin(IL)-1β,and IL-6 expression observed in the hyperoxia group were significantly attenuated by hUC-MSCs administration(P<0.01,P<0.001,and P<0.05 respectively).In addition,we observed an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 expression in rats that received hUC-MSCs iT compared with rats reared in hyperoxia(P<0.05).Transcriptomic analysis showed that the DEGs in lung tissues induced by hyperoxia were enriched in pathways related to inflammatory responses,epithelial cell proliferation,and vasculature development.hUC-MSCs administration blunted these hyperoxia-induced dysregulated genes and resulted in a shift in the gene expression pattern toward the normoxia group.hUC-MSCs increased heme oxygenase-1(HO-1),JAK2,and STAT3 expression,and their phosphorylation in the lung,heart,and kidney(P<0.05).Remarkably,no significant difference was observed between the iT and iP administration.CONCLUSION iT hUC-MSCs administration ameliorates hyperoxia-induced lung,heart,and kidney injuries by activating HO-1 expression and JAK/STAT signaling.The therapeutic benefits of local iT and iP administration are equivalent.

Magnetic resonance imaging correlates of bee sting induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome: A case report

Occasionally systemic complications with high risk of death,such as multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS),can occur following multiple bee stings.This case study reports a patient who presented with MODS,i.e.,acute kidney injury,hepatic and cardiac dysfunc-tion,after multiple bee stings.The standard clinical findings were then correlated with magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)findings,which demonstrates that MRI may be utilized as a simpler tool to use than other mul-tiple diagnostics.

Mild hypothermia in improving multiple organ dysfunction after cardiac arrest

BACKGROUND： Resuscitation after cardiac arrest （CA） with a whole-body ischemia–reperfusion injury causes brain injury and multiple organ dysfunction （MODS）. This study aimed to determine whether mild systemic hypothermia could decrease multiple organ dysfunctions after resuscitation from cardiac arrest.METHODS： The patients who had been resuscitated after cardiac arrest were reviewed. During the resuscitation they had been assigned to undergo therapeutic hypothermia （target temperature, 32°C to 34°C, measured in the rectum） over a period of 24 to 36 hours or to receive standard treatment with normothermia. Markers of different organ injury were evaluated for the ？ rst 72 hours after recovery of spontaneous circulation （ROSC）.RESULTS： At 72 hours after ROSC, 23 patients in the hypothermia group for whom data were available had favorable neurologic, myocardial, hepatic and pulmonic outcomes as compared with 26 patients in the normothermia group. The values of renal function were not signi？ cantly different between the two groups. However, blood coagulation function was badly injured in the hypothermia group.CONCLUSION： In the patients who have been successfully resuscitated after cardiac arrest, therapeutic mild hypothermia can alleviate dysfunction after resuscitation from cardiac arrest.

Multiple-Organ Extracorporeal Support Therapies in Critically Ill Patients

The critically ill patient is capable of presenting a multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) caused by different diseases, which can be infectious (sepsis, septic shock) as well as non-infectious (pancreatitis, large surgeries, traumatic injuries, burn patients and brain injuries), this syndrome is characterized by global hemodynamic and organ perfusion alterations accompanied by an uncontrolled and marked inflammatory response unresponsive to pharmacological treatment due to which extracorporeal organ support can be a viable option. Acute renal lesion can occur in up to 60% of patients receiving intensive care, and close to 10% - 20% require renal replacement therapy (RRT) globally this can be provided as peritoneal dialysis (PD) or intermittent hemodialysis (IHD), continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), hybrid therapies known as sustained slow efficiency dialysis (SLED), which combines the benefits IHD and CRRT, slow continuous ultrafiltration (SCUF). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and extracorporeal elimination of CO2, have been used more frequently lately, these are temporal artificial support used for respiratory and/or cardiac insufficiency that is refractory to conventional treatment. Acute liver failure in adults has a mortality rate close to 50% furthermore one-third of patients hospitalized for cirrhosis are likely to progress to acute liver failure which will drastically increase its mortality. Based on concepts of albumin dialysis, one of its most known is the following: Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System (MARS), Fractionated Plasma Separation and Absorption—FPSA (Prometheus®) and also, hemoperfusion with different cartridges used in different extracorporeal therapies, used in liver failure, rhabdomyolysis, cytokine release syndrome and more in the context of the pandemic covid19. The objective of this review is to know the different extracorporeal therapies and the therapeutic utility in critical patients.

Association of low non-invasive near-infrared spectroscopic measurements during initial trauma resuscitation with future development of multiple organ dysfunction

BACKGROUND: Near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS) non-invasively monitors muscle tissue oxygen saturation(St O2). It may provide a continuous noninvasive measurement to identify occult hypoperfusion, guide resuscitation, and predict the development of multiple organ dysfunction(MOD) after severe trauma. We evaluated the correlation between initial St O2 and the development of MOD in multi-trauma patients.METHODS: Patients presenting to our urban, academic, Level I Trauma Center/Emergency Department and meeting standardized trauma-team activation criteria were enrolled in this prospective trial. NIRS monitoring was initiated immediately on arrival with collection of St O2 at the thenar eminence and continued up to 24 hours for those admitted to the Trauma Intensive Care Unit(TICU). Standardized resuscitation laboratory measures and clinical evaluation tools were collected. The primary outcome was the association between initial St O2 and the development of MOD within the f irst 24 hours based on a MOD score of 6 or greater. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed; numeric means, multivariate regression and rank sum comparisons were utilized. Clinicians were blinded from the StO 2 values.RESULTS: Over a 14 month period, 78 patients were enrolled. Mean age was 40.9 years(SD 18.2), 84.4% were male, 76.9% had a blunt trauma mechanism and mean injury severity score(ISS) was 18.5(SD 12.9). Of the 78 patients, 26(33.3%) developed MOD within the first 24 hours. The MOD patients had mean initial St O2 values of 53.3(SD 10.3), signifi cantly lower than those of nonMOD patients 61.1(SD 10.0); P=0.002. The mean ISS among MOD patients was 29.9(SD 11.5), significantly higher than that of non-MODS patients, 12.1(SD 9.1)(P<0.0001). The mean shock index(SI) among MOD patients was 0.92(SD 0.28), also signifi cantly higher than that of non-MODS patients, 0.73(SD 0.19)(P=0.0007). Lactate values were not signifi cantly different between groups.CONCLUSION: Non-invasive, continuous St O2 near-infrared spectroscopy values during initial trauma resuscitation correlate with the later development of multiple organ dysfunction in this patient population.

毒蛇咬伤致多脏器损伤作用及机制研究进展

毒蛇咬伤是临床常见急重症,严重危害人类生命安全。蛇毒毒液螯入后会导致神经损伤、凝血障碍等致死性的全身性损伤,咬伤部位溃疡、肌坏死等致残性的局部损伤,以及多脏器组织损伤。近年来,毒蛇咬伤后血液毒性、神经毒性、细胞毒性被广泛研究,但对实体脏器的损伤研究较为缺乏,而蛇伤后多脏器损伤是其高致死率的重要原因。因此,该文对毒蛇咬伤后,合并致心脏、肝脏、肾脏、肺脏、脾脏、脑等实体脏器的功能性或器质性损伤作用及机制进行综述,旨在为蛇伤临床精准诊治提供参考与借鉴。

醛固酮诱导多器官损害小鼠模型的研究

目的建立与评价醛固酮诱导多脏器损害小鼠模型。方法小鼠20只随机分为4组,每组5只,分别为空白对照组(0μg/(kg·d))、醛固酮低剂量组(150μg/(kg·d)),醛固酮中剂量组(300μg/(kg·d)),醛固酮高剂量组(450μg/(kg·d)),通过手术在皮下埋置含有醛固酮的渗透性微泵,输注醛固酮4周建立醛固酮损害模型。每周记录小鼠体重、血压。4周造模结束后,小鼠处死取材,观察并分析小鼠血压及各脏器组织学形态等。结果(1)输注醛固酮4周后,醛固酮中、高剂量组小鼠血清中的醛固酮水平明显升高,而醛固酮低剂量组无明显升高;(2)小鼠置入渗透泵后,第2周与第3周醛固酮低、中、高剂量组收缩压均显著升高,但在第4周,醛固酮低、中、高剂量组血压均有所下降;(3)醛固酮低、中、高剂量组肾以及心脏均出现不同程度的损伤、细胞间质水肿、胶原沉积和纤维化病变;醛固酮低剂量组肝出现了少量的胶原沉积;醛固酮中、高剂量组有不同程度的的肝细胞损伤、胶原沉积和纤维化病变。结论醛固酮可以诱导小鼠的多脏器损害,在该种造模方式下脏器的损伤主要表现水肿、胶原沉积和纤维化病变。

急性胰腺炎并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征的发病机制研究进展

急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)是消化系统中常见的急性腹痛疾病之一。导致AP疾病进展及致命的主要因素包括全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)和多器官功能衰竭(MOF)。急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)作为AP最常见、最严重的早期并发症之一,与高病死率密切相关。然而,重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)并发ARDS的发病机制尚未完全阐明,可能与初始腺泡细胞损伤后核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)的激活、大量炎症介质释放以及免疫细胞介入等复杂因素相关,形成全身炎症瀑布反应。因此,本研究详细阐述NF-κB在AP发展早期的关键作用,揭示了NF-κB如何将初始腺泡损伤与全身炎症相关联,并导致肺泡弥漫性损伤。这不仅深化了临床医师对AP并发ARDS的理解,还为临床治疗提供潜在治疗靶点和理论依据。

外泌体在脓毒症及相关器官损伤中的作用研究进展

脓毒症是重症监护病房(ICU)患者的主要死亡原因之一,通常是由于感染诱导体内炎症过度激活,引起多器官功能衰竭并危及生命。外泌体是一种由细胞分泌的脂质双分子层纳米颗粒,并参与脓毒症的发生发展过程,外泌体携带的多种分子物质已被证明可以调节脓毒症相关炎症及器官损伤。特别是多种不同类型外泌体有望成为脓毒症诊断的标志物,也有望为改善脓毒症患者预后提供新的治疗靶点。现就外泌体与脓毒症、外泌体与脓毒症相关性急性肺损伤(SA-ALI)、外泌体与脓毒症相关性脑病(SAE)、外泌体与脓毒症相关性急性肾损伤(SA-AKI)、外泌体与脓毒性心肌病(SIC)、外泌体与脓毒症相关的其他器官损伤关系的研究进展进行回顾性分析,以帮助指导临床诊断和治疗。

多发伤并发多器官功能障碍综合征患者血清Syndecan-1,PTX-3水平检测的临床诊断及预后价值研究

目的 探讨多发伤并发多器官功能障碍综合征(multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,MODS)患者血清多配体蛋白聚糖-1(syndecan-1)、正五聚蛋白-3(pentraxin 3,PTX-3)水平检测的临床诊断及预后价值。方法 前瞻性纳入2022年1月~2023年6月唐山中心医院收治的140例多发伤患者作为研究对象,根据有无并发MODS分为MODS组(n=49)和非MODS组(n=91),并根据患者入院28天内的生存情况,将MODS组分成存活组(n=21)和死亡组(n=28)。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定患者血清Syndecan-1和PTX-3表达水平;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清Syndecan-1和PTX-3对MODS的诊断价值及二者对多发伤并发MODS患者预后预测效能。结果 MODS组多发伤并发MODS患者创伤严重度(injury severity score, ISS)评分(24.41±5.22分)、急性生理与慢性健康评分(acute phyusiology and chronic health evaluation, APACHE)Ⅱ评分(22.02±4.41分)以及血清Syndecan-1(77.76±8.25 ng/ml)和PTX-3表达水平(34.87±4.53 pg/ml)高于非MODS组(18.62±4.06分,16.69±3.54分,63.98±7.52 ng/ml,25.43±3.97pg/ml),差异具有统计学意义(t=7.265,7.783,9.994,12.766,均P<0.05);血清Syndecan-1和PTX-3各自单独诊断多发伤并发MODS的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.796,0.867,而二者联合诊断的AUC为0.941,二者联合的诊断价值优于Syndecan-1和PTX-3各自单独诊断(Z=4.029,2.681,P=0.001,0.007),且诊断敏感度显著高于常规炎性指标IL-6,PCT。死亡组患者血清Syndecan-1(85.17±9.03ng/ml)和PTX-3表达水平(40.20±5.21pg/ml)均高于生存组(67.90±7.22 ng/ml,27.77±3.64 pg/ml),差异具有统计学意义(t=7.201,9.345,均P<0.05);血清Syndecan-1和PTX-3各自单独预测多发伤并发MODS患者预后状态的AUC分别为0.845,0.792,而二者联合预测的AUC为0.932,二者联合优于Syndecan-1和PTX-3各自单独预测(Z=1.982, 2.311,P=0.047,0.020),对多发伤并发MODS患者预后状态具有一定的预测价值。结论 血清Syndecan-1和PTX-3表达水平与多发伤并发MODS的发生有关,二者联合检测对多发伤并发MODS具有较高的诊断及预后价值。

血清D-dimer、SDC-1、sTLT-1水平对多发伤合并多器官功能障碍综合征患者预后的预测价值

目的探讨血清D-二聚体(D-dimer)、多配体蛋白聚糖-1(SDC-1)和可溶性髓样细胞触发受体样转录因子-1(sTLT-1)表达水平对多发伤合并多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)患者预后的预测价值。方法选取2022年2月至2023年2月石家庄长城中西医结合医院收治的165例急诊多发伤患者,根据是否合并MODS将其分为MODS组(66例)和无MODS组(99例),根据入院第28天MODS组患者的生存结局将多发伤合并MODS患者为死亡组(32例)和存活组(34例)。比较各组血清D-dimer、SDC-1和sTLT-1表达水平。采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响多发伤合并MODS患者预后不良的影响因素。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析D-dimer、SDC-1、sTLT-1对多发伤合并MODS患者预后的预测价值。结果多发伤合并MODS患者血清D-dimer、SDC-1及sTLT-1水平明显高于无MODS组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多发伤合并MODS患者中死亡组血清D-dimer、SDC-1和sTLT-1水平均明显高于存活组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);血清D-dimer、SDC-1及sTLT-1水平升高均是多发伤合并MODS患者预后不良的危险因素(P<0.05);D-dimer、SDC-1和sTLT-1联合预测多发伤合并MODS患者预后的效能优于D-dimer、SDC-1和sTLT-1各自单独预测(P<0.05)。结论血清D-dimer、SDC-1及sTLT-1水平在多发伤合并MODS患者中明显升高,三者联合检测可评估多发伤合并MODS患者的预后。

老年劳力性热射病患者的临床特点及预后

目的探讨老年劳力性热射病(EHS)患者的临床特点及预后。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2022年12月收治的9例老年EHS患者(观察组)与24例年轻EHS患者(对照组)的临床资料。记录2组患者住院天数、核心体温;检测2组血常规、生化指标;观察2组并发症发生情况;分析老年EHS患者临床特点及预后转归,并评价血液净化对EHS患者的治疗作用。结果入院时观察组患者血脑钠肽高于对照组,血肌酐、白蛋白及血小板低于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);2组血尿素氮、肌酸肌酶、乳酸脱氢酶、淀粉酶、丙氨酸转氨酶、肌红蛋白、白细胞水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组患者合并横纹肌溶解、肝功能损伤、心功能不全、低蛋白血症、感染的比例均显著高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。出院时,观察组乳酸脱氢酶、丙氨酸转氨酶、肌红蛋白低于入院时,血白蛋白低于正常值;观察组血乳酸脱氢酶、白细胞水平高于对照组,血肌酐、白蛋白水平低于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。2组患者中各有3例行介入肾替代治疗,出院时肾功能指标均正常。2组住院时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);出院时对照组痊愈患者比例显著高于观察组(P<0.05)。结论老年EHS患者易合并横纹肌溶解、肝功能损伤、心功能不全、低蛋白血症、感染等并发症,肌肉损伤、肝功能损伤与营养恢复较年轻患者慢,合并急性肾损伤与多器官功能障碍综合征的EHS重症患者应依据病情早期介入肾替代治疗,发挥协同治疗作用,有利于改善预后,提高抢救成功率。

Protective effects of Ligustrazine,Kakonein and Panax Notoginsenoside on the small intestine and immune organs of rats with severe acute pancreatitis

BACKGROUND:Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is characterized by fatal pathogenic conditions and a high mortality.It is important to study SAP complicated with multiple organ injury.In this study we compared the protective effects of three traditional Chinese medicines (Ligustrazine,Kakonein and Panax Notoginsenoside) on the small intestine and immune organs (thymus,spleen and lymph nodes) of rats with SAP and explored their mechanism of action.METHODS:One hundred forty-four rats with SAP were randomly divided into model control,Ligustrazine-treated,Kakonein-treated,and Panax Notoginsenoside-treated groups (n=36 per group).Another 36 normal rats comprised the sham-operated group.According to the different time points after operation,the experimental rats in each group were subdivided into 3-,6-and 12-hour subgroups (n=12).At various time points after operation,the mortality rate of rats and pathological changes in the small intestine and immune organs were recorded and the serum amylase levels were measured.RESULTS:Compared to the model control groups,the mortality rates in all treated groups declined and the pathological changes in the small intestine and immune tissues were relieved to different degrees.The serum amylase levels in the three treated groups were significantly lower than those in the model control group at 12 hours.The pathological severity scores for the small intestinal mucosa,thymus and spleen (at 3 and 12 hours) in the Ligustrazine-treated group,for the thymus (at 3 and 12 hours) and spleen (at 3 and 6 hours) in the Kakonein-treated group,and for the thymus (at 3 hours)and spleen (at 3 hours) in the Panax Notoginsenoside-treated group were significantly lower than those in the model control group.The pathological severity scores of the small intestinal mucosa (at 6 and 12 hours) and thymus (at 6 hours) in the Ligustrazine-treated group were significantly lower than those in the Kakonein-and Panax Notoginsenoside-treated groups.CONCLUSIONS:All the three traditional Chinese drugs significantly alleviated the pathological changes in the small intestine and immune organs of SAP rats.Ligustrazine was the most effective one among them.