Conversion of Cellulose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in Water- Tetrahydrofuran and Byproducts Identification

Conversion of cellulose into platform chemical 5-hydroxymethylfurfural （HMF） in water-tetrahydrofuran （THF） co-solvents under acidic condition was studied. 38.6% of HMF was obtained with low cellulose concentration of 2.4wt%, but levulinic acid （LA） and solid humins became the main products with high cellulose concentration. The soluble byproducts were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography/multiple stage tandem mass spec-trometry, and chemicals with formula of C9H16O4、 C10H14O4、 C11H12O4、C12H10O5 and C12H16O8 were detected. THF could participate in the reaction via ring-opening into 1,4-butanediol followed by esterification with LA into C9H16O4 or etherification with HMF into C10H14O4. C11H12O4 was formed by esterification of HMF with LA, C12H10O5 was formed by self-etherification of HMF, while C12H16O8 was formed by acetalization of HMF with glucose. Self-etherification of HMF and etherification of HMF with 1,4-butanediol were identified as two main side reactions.

The Zhaxikang Vein-type Pb-Zn-Ag-Sb Deposit in Himalayan Orogen, Tibet： Product by Overprinting and Remobilization Processes during Post-collisional Period

The Zhaxikang Pb-Zn-Ag-Sb deposit, the largest polymetallic deposit known in the Himalayan Orogen of southern Tibet, is characterized by vein-type mineralization that hosts multiple mineral assemblages and complicated metal associations. The deposit consists of at least six steeply dipping vein- type orebodies that are hosted by Early Jurassic black carbonaceous slates and are controlled by a Cenozoic N-S-striking normal fault system. This deposit records multiple stages of mineralization that include an early period （A） of massive coarse-grained galena-sphalerite deposition and a later period （B） of Sb-bearing vein-type mineralization. Period A is only associated with galena-sphalerite mineralization, whereas period B can be subdivided into ferrous rhodochrosite-sphalerite-pyrite, quartz -sulfosalt-sphalerite, calcite-pyrite, quartz-stibnite, and quartz-only stages of mineralization. The formation of brecciated galena and sphalerite ores during period A implies reworking of pre-existing Pb -Zn sulfides by Cenozoic tectonic deformation, whereas period B mineralization records extensive open- space filling during ore formation. Fluid inclusion microthermometric data indicate that both periods A and B were associated with low-medium temperature （187-267℃） and low salinity （4.00-10.18% wt. NaCl equivalent） ore-forming fluids, although variations in the physical-chemical nature of the period B fluids suggest that this phase of mineralization was characterized by variable water/rock ratios. Microprobe analyses indicate that Fe concentrations in sphalerite decrease from period A to period B, and can be divided into three groups with FeS concentrations of 8.999-9.577, 7.125-9.109, 5.438-1.460 mol.%. The concentrations of Zn, Sb, Pb, and Ag within orebodies in the study area are normally distributed in both lateral and vertical directions, and Pb, Sb, and/or Ag concentrations are positive correlation within the central part of these orebodies, but negatively correlate in the margins. Sulfide S isotope compositions are highly variable （4‰-13‰）, varying from 4‰ to 11‰ in period A and 10‰ to 1‰ in period B. The Pb isotope within these samples is highly radiogenic and defines linear trends in 206pb/204pb vs. 207pb/204pb and 206pb/204pb vs. 208pb/204pb diagrams, respectively. The S and Pb isotopic characteristics indicate that the period B orebodies formed by mixing of Pb-Zn sulfides and regional Sb- bearing fluids. These features are indicative of overprinting and remobilization of pre-existing Pb-Zn sulfides by Sb-bearing ore-forming fluids during a post-collisional period of the Himalayan Orogeny. The presence of similar ore types in the north Rhenish Massif that formed after the Variscan Orogeny suggests that Zhaxikang-style mineralization may be present in other orogenic belts, suggesting that this deposit may guide Pb-Zn exploration in these areas.

双二氮杂萘酮类化合物的电喷雾质谱研究

含新型芳香杂环单元的缩聚高分子材料耐老化热稳定性好[1,2],具有独特的加工长度和弹性模量[3],在宇航、电子、机械、军事和复合材料等方面的应用已引起人们的广泛兴趣和关注.含双二氮杂萘酮单元的缩聚高分子材料就是其中一种,这些新型芳香杂环单元大多数熔点都较高,难于汽化,采用电子轰击质谱或快原子轰击质谱测定其相对分子质量时,通常得不到分子离子峰信号,给质谱表征和结构鉴定带来一定的困难.……

Atmospheric Drying UHMWPE Membranes via Multiple Stage Extractant Exchange Drying Technique

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE)membranes were prepared by 5 wt%UHMWPE/parafn oil gels via thermally induced phase separation method and dried in air without signifcant collapse.The UHMWPE membranes were annealed at 110℃ for increasing the pores size in order to decrease the capillary forces.Furthermore,a new multiple stage extractant exchange drying(MSEED)technique was adopted to decrease the shrinkage of the UHMWPE membranes.Specifcally,the parafn oil was extracted by dichloromethane,then dichloromethane was replaced by ethanol,next ethanol could be exchanged to other liquid which is non-afnity with UHMWPE,for example water.UHMWPE membranes(annealing for 25 min)dried by dichloromethane-ethanol-water-air process have the lowest volume shrinkage of 16.5%and the porosity is as high as 88.29%.Moreover,compared with supercritical CO_(2)(SC-CO_(2))drying,atmospheric drying UHMWPE membranes have a lower pure water permeance,but a higher carbon particles rejection.