Charge Resonance Enhanced Multiple Ionization of H2O Molecules in Intense Laser Fields

We perform a kinetically complete measurement on the fragmentation of Coulomb explosion of 1-120 molecules in intense few-cycle linearly and circularly polarized laser fields. Both the fragmentations of 1t203＋ and H204＋ reveal the concerted pathway of dissociation. The length of the OH bond prior to the Coulomb explosion of both molecular ions is sensitive to the laser pulse duration and laser intensity. However, the bending angle of H-O-H is less sensitive to the pulse duration and laser intensity. We introduce the mechanism of charge resonance enhanced double ionization to elucidate the triple （or quadruple） dissociative ionization dynamics of H20, in which two electrons are non-adiabatically localized at the protons of the precursor ion H2O^＋ （or H2O^2＋） and are released simultaneously due to the over barrier ionization in the combined laser field and molecular ionic potential. Such charge resonance enhanced multiple ionization is not suppressed in few-cycle laser fields and elliptically polarized laser fields.

The dual role of multiple-transistor charge sharing collection in single-event transients

As technologies scale down in size, multiple-transistors being affected by a single ion has become a universal phenomenon, and some new effects are present in single event transients （SETs） due to the charge sharing collection of the adjacent multiple-transistors. In this paper, not only the off-state p-channel metal–oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor （PMOS FET）, but also the on-state PMOS is struck by a heavy-ion in the two-transistor inverter chain, due to the charge sharing collection and the electrical interaction. The SET induced by striking the off-state PMOS is efficiently mitigated by the pulse quenching effect, but the SET induced by striking the on-state PMOS becomes dominant. It is indicated in this study that in the advanced technologies, the SET will no longer just be induced by an ion striking the off-state transistor, and the SET sensitive region will no longer just surround the off-state transistor either, as it is in the older technologies. We also discuss this issue in a three-transistor inverter in depth, and the study illustrates that the three-transistor inverter is still a better replacement for spaceborne integrated circuit design in advanced technologies.

Multiple Node Upset in SEU Hardened Storage Cells

We study the problem of multiple node upset （MNU） using three-dimensional device simulation. The results show the transient floating node and charge lateral diffusion are the key reasons for MNU. We compare the MNU with multiple bit upset （MBU）,and find that their characteristics are different. Methods to avoid MNU are also discussed.

Average Capacity of OAM-Multiplexed FSO System with Vortex Beam Propagating Through Non-Kolmogorov Turbulence

The propagation of vortex beam in atmospheric turbulence is of significant importance in theoretical study and practical applications. Based on extended Huygens-Fresnel integral and the Rytov approximation, the average capacity of orbital angular momentum(OAM)-multiplexed Laguerre-Gaussian(LG) beam propagating through non-Kolmogorov turbulence is presented, and the analytical expression of spiral spectrum of LG beam has been deduced. The average capacity of FSO system is numerically calculated and the influence of exponent parameter, transmission height, structure constant, wavelength, outer scale and inner scale on average capacity are also analyzed in detail. Outcomes show that smaller structure constant, outer scale, higher transmission height and larger wavelength, inner scale are conducive to improve average capacity in different extent. Results acquires in this paper have potential application value in optical communication within non-Kolmogorov turbulence.

Low driving voltage in an organic light-emitting diode using MoO_3/NPB multiple quantum well structure in a hole transport layer

The driving voltage of an organic light-emitting diode（OLED） is lowered by employing molybdenum trioxide（MoO3）/N,N＇-bis（naphthalene-1-yl）-N,N＇-bis（phe-nyl）-benzidine（NPB） multiple quantum well（MQW） structure in the hole transport layer.For the device with double quantum well（DQW） structure of ITO/[MoO3（2.5 nm）/NPB（20 nm）]2/Alq3（50 nm）/LiF（0.8 nm）/Al（120 nm）],the turn-on voltage is reduced to 2.8 V,which is lowered by 0.4 V compared with that of the control device（without MQW structures）,and the driving voltage is 5.6 V,which is reduced by 1 V compared with that of the control device at the 1000 cd/m2.In this work,the enhancement of the injection and transport ability for holes could reduce the driving voltage for the device with MQW structure,which is attributed not only to the reduced energy barrier between ITO and NPB,but also to the forming charge transfer complex between MoO3 and NPB induced by the interfacial doping effect of MoO3.

Multiple off-axis acoustic vortices generated by dual coaxial vortex beams

As a kind of special acoustic field, the helical wavefront of an acoustic vortex（AV） beam is demonstrated to have a pressure zero with phase singularity at the center in the transverse plane. The orbital angular momentum of AVs can be applied to the field of particle manipulation, which attracts more and more attention in acoustic researches. In this paper,by using the simplified circular array of point sources, dual coaxial AV beams are excited by the even-and odd-numbered sources with the topological charges of l_E and l_O based on the phase-coded approach, and the composite acoustic field with an on-axis center-AV and multiple off-axis sub-AVs can be generated by the superimposition of the AV beams for｜l_E｜ ≠ ｜l_O｜. The generation of edge phase dislocation is theoretically derived and numerically analyzed for l_E=-l_O. The numbers and the topological charges as well as the locations of the center-AV and sub-AVs are demonstrated, which are proved to be determined by the topological charges of the coaxial AV beams. The proposed approach breaks through the limit of only one on-axis AV with a single topological charge along the beam axis, and also provides the feasibility of off-axis particle trapping with multiple AVs in object manipulation.

Monte Carlo evaluation of spatial multiple-bit upset sensitivity to oblique incidence

We investigate the impact of heavy ion irradiation on a hypothetical static random access memory （SRAM） device. Influences of the irradiation angle, critical charge, drain-drain spacing, and dimension of device structure on the device sensitivity have been studied. These prediction and simulated results are interpreted with MUFPSA, a Monte Carlo code based on Geant4. The results show that the orientation of ion beams and device with different critical charge exert indis- pensable effects on multiple-bit upsets （MBUs）, and that with the decrease in spacing distance between adjacent cells or the dimension of the cells, the device is more susceptible to single event effect, especially to MBUs at oblique incidence.

Charged Multiplicity Density and Number of Participant Nucleons in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions

The energy and centrality dependencies of charged particle pseudorapidity density in relativistic nuclear collisions were studied using a hadron and string cascade model, JPCIAE. Both the relativistic experimental data and the PHOBOS and PHENIX Au+Au data at RHIC energy could be fairly reproduced within the framework of JPCIAE model and without retuning the model parameters. The predictions for collisions at the LHC energy were also given. We computed the participant nucleon distributions using different methods. It was found that the number of participant nucleons is not a well defined variable both experimentally and theoretically. Thus it may be inappropriate to use the charged particle pseudorapidity density per participant pair as a function of the number of participant nucleons for distinguishing various theoretical models.

On the Charges and Currents in the Quantum Field Theory

This paper is concerned with the determination of currents and charges in hypercomplex extensions of the Feynman-Dyson derivation of the Maxwell-Faraday equations. We analyze the appearance of charges and currents in non-Abelian versions of that approach: SU(2), SU(3) and G2. The structure constants of G2 Lie algebra are computed explicitly. Finally, we suggest a seven-dimensional treatment of color.

多次部分充电策略下双车型车辆配送路径研究

针对物流配送过程中燃油车和电动车并存的实际情况,综合考虑多次部分充电策略下双车型、充电设施、碳排放等因素,构建了以车辆使用成本、运输成本(含充电成本)、燃油车碳排放成本之和最小为目标的混合整数线性规划模型。选择某市配送中心为算例进行研究,采用CPLEX求解算例。结果表明:采用多次部分充电策略能进一步缓解“里程焦虑”,提高电动车装载率。之后进行单因素灵敏性分析,分析电动车的续航里程、额定载重量、充电站位置与数量对双车型路径优化结果的影响。

适用于宽温度范围的锂离子电池SOC估计方法

精确的荷电状态(SOC)估计是确保动力电池安全稳定运行的关键所在。然而,在实际应用中,环境温度的变化以及噪声干扰等因素使得SOC的精确估计变得困难重重。为了解决这一问题,本文提出一种基于多新息自适应鲁棒无迹卡尔曼滤波(MIARUKF)算法的宽温度范围下锂离子电池SOC多时间尺度联合估计方法,该算法在无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)算法的基础上,融合多新息理论、自适应滤波与鲁棒算法。所提算法利用多新息向量对状态估计值进行修正,并对噪声协方差进行及时更新,从而提高SOC的估计精度,通过引入H∞滤波算法来提高该算法的鲁棒性。同时为了降低电池管理系统(BMS)的计算负担,使用UKF算法在宏观时间尺度上在线估计模型参数,采用MIARUKF算法在微观时间尺度上估计电池SOC。最后,在不同SOC初始值、不同温度条件下,对电池SOC的估计结果进行比较和分析,本文所提方法最大绝对误差和平均绝对误差分别为1.05%和0.42%,表明该算法具有较高的精度和较好的鲁棒性。

基于多新息扩展卡尔曼滤波的锂离子电池SOC估计

锂电池具有高能量密度、循环寿命长等优点而被广泛应用于电动汽车动力装置,但车辆运行状况复杂多变,且电池内部呈现高度非线性的性质,导致电池荷电状态(state of charge, SOC)难以准确计算。为优化锂电池SOC估计精度,构建结合Warburg元件的分数阶二阶RC模型,采用自适应遗传算法进行参数辨识;融合多新息理论和扩展卡尔曼滤波算法,提出基于多新息扩展卡尔曼滤波(multi innovation extended Kalman filter, MIEKF)的锂离子电池SOC估计算法,并利用试验数据验证该方法的有效性,为提高SOC估计精度和车载锂电池的循环使用寿命提供了新的方法途径和实践支撑。

面向应用的新一代稀磁半导体研究进展

稀磁半导体具有能同时调控电荷与自旋的特性,是破解摩尔定律难题的候选材料之一.我们团队率先提出了稀磁半导体中自旋和电荷掺杂分离的机制,探索并研制了新一代稀磁半导体材料,为突破经典稀磁半导体材料的制备瓶颈提供了有效解决方案.以(Ba,K)(Zn,Mn)_(2)As_(2)等为代表的新一代稀磁半导体,通过等价态的Mn掺杂引入自旋、异价态的非磁性离子掺杂引入电荷,成功实现了230 K的居里温度,刷新了可控型稀磁半导体的居里温度记录.本文将重点介绍几种代表性的新一代稀磁半导体的设计与研制、新一代稀磁半导体的综合物性表征、大尺寸单晶生长以及基于单晶的安德烈夫异质结研制.我们团队通过新一代稀磁半导体的新材料设计研制、综合物性研究、简单原型器件构建的“全链条”模式研究,开拓了自旋电荷分别掺杂的稀磁半导体材料研究领域,充分展现了自旋和电荷掺杂分离的新一代稀磁半导体材料潜在应用前景.

基于储能系统多重约束的一次调频策略

基于荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)控制储能系统参与一次调频时,由于储能系统出力约束条件较为单一,因而限制了储能系统的性能。针对此问题提出一种基于储能系统多重约束的一次调频策略。首先,把通过双层模糊控制方法确定储能系统多时间尺度调频死区作为第1重约束条件,避免火电机组与储能电池频繁动作。其次,将SOC作为第2重约束条件,约束因子作为第3重约束条件,基于logistic曲线构建惯性与下垂综合控制模型,约束储能系统出力。最后,通过高精度SOC构建快速均衡函数,缩短SOC均衡时间。通过搭建仿真模型分别在阶跃负荷扰动和连续负荷扰动的工况下验证所提控制策略有效性。

MOFs衍生的二氧化钛促进Ti-Fe_(2)O_(3)光阳极高效光电化学水氧化的多重效应

光电化学(PEC)分解水是一种清洁可持续的获取氢燃料的方法,其中产氧半反应(OER)是制约整个水分解过程效率的关键步骤.因此,光阳极的性能是决定太阳能到氢能转化效率的关键因素.在各种水氧化光阳极材料中,赤铁矿(α-Fe_(2)O_(3))因具有良好的化学稳定性、合适的带隙(~2.1 eV)、无毒、储量丰富等优点而成为最有前途的光阳极材料之一.然而,α-Fe_(2)O_(3)丰富的受体表面态和缓慢的水氧化动力学导致光生电荷复合严重,限制了其在光电化学中的实际应用.因此,有必要对α-Fe_(2)O_(3)进行表面工程设计以提高水氧化效率.本文提出了一种新方法,以金属有机框架(Ti-MOFs)为模板,在Ti-Fe_(2)O_(3)表面煅烧合成TiO_(2)层,然后将富活性位点的ZIF-67加载在TiO_(2)/Ti-Fe_(2)O_(3)上作为助催化剂,制备出具有较好光电化学性能的ZIF-67/TiO_(2)/Ti-Fe_(2)O_(3)复合光阳极.X射线衍射、高分辨透射电镜、X射线光电子能谱和拉曼光谱等表征结果证实成功合成了ZIF-67/TiO_(2)/Ti-Fe_(2)O_(3).同时,氮气等温吸附脱附曲线和表面接触角测试结果表明,MOFs衍生的TiO_(2)为介孔材料.采用表面光伏技术、光致发光光谱、飞秒-瞬态吸收光谱和电化学阻抗谱分析,研究了光生电荷的分离和复合行为.结果表明,MOFs衍生的TiO_(2)不仅可以作为钝化层有效抑制了表面复合,还作为Ti-Fe_(2)O_(3)的电子阻挡层,显著减少了电子向表面的流失,从而大大提高了Ti-Fe_(2)O_(3)表面和体相的电荷分离效率.进一步的累积电荷量测试、电化学阻抗谱和Bode图分析显示,负载MOFs衍生TiO_(2)后,可以明显促进光生空穴向电解质的注入,其多孔结构也可以增加反应接触面积,这有利于光生电荷在固液界面传输.此外,理论计算结果表明,Ti-Fe_(2)O_(3)水氧化速控步骤的能垒(ΔG=3.38 eV)明显高于TiO_(2)(ΔG=1.67 eV),说明OER更容易在TiO_(2)/Ti-Fe_(2)O_(3)表面发生,这与其光电流密度结果一致.为进一步提高反应活性和加快水氧化动力学,负载助催化剂ZIF-67后,ZIF-67/TiO_(2)/Ti-Fe_(2)O_(3)复合光阳极实现了较好的光电化学性能,其在1.23 V vs.RHE时光电流密度高达4.04 mA cm^(‒2),是Ti-Fe_(2)O_(3)的9.3倍,并且复合光阳极的入射光子电流转换效率和空穴注入效率分别达到93%(390 nm)和91%.综上所述,本研究通过MOFs衍生的TiO_(2)和ZIF-67助催化剂改性α-Fe_(2)O_(3)光阳极,显著提升了其光电化学水氧化性能.其中,MOFs衍生TiO_(2)不仅优化了电荷分离,还促进了光生空穴的注入,从而显著提高其光电化学水氧化性能.本研究为构筑高性能的有机-无机杂化光阳极提供了新思路.

Comparative analysis of jet and underlying event properties across various models as a function of charged particle multiplicity at 7 TeV

In this study,a comprehensive analysis of jets and underlying events as a function of charged particle multiplicity in proton-proton(pp)collisions at a center-of-mass energy of √s=7 TeV is conducted.Various Monte Carlo(MC)event generators,including Pythia8.308,EPOS 1.99,EPOSLHC,EPOS4_(Hydro),and EPOS4_(noHydro),are employed to predict particle production.The predictions from these models are compared with experimental data from the CMS collaboration.The charged particles are categorized into those associated with underlying events and those linked to jets,and the analysis is restricted to charged particles with|η|<2.4 and p_T>0.25 GeV/c.By comparing the MC predictions with CMS data,we find that EPOS4_(Hydro),EPOSLHC,and Pythia8 consistently reproduce the experimental results for all charged particles,underlying events,intrajets,and leading charged particles.For charged jet rates with p_T^(ch.jet)>5 GeV/c,EPOS4_(Hydro)and Pythia8 perform exceptionally well.In the case of charged jet rates with p_T^(ch.jet)→30 GeV/c,EPOSLHC reproduces satisfactorily good results,whereas EPOS4 Hydro exhibits good agreement with the data at higher charged particle multiplicities compared to the other models.This can be attributed to the conversion of energy into flow when"Hydro=on"leading to an increase in multiplicity.The EPOSLHC model describes the data better owing to the new collective flow effects,correlated flow treatment,and parameterization compared to EPOS 1.99.However,the examination of the jet p_T spectrum and normalized charged p_T density reveals that EPOS4_(Hydro),EPOS4_(noHydro),and EPOSLHC exhibit good agreement with the experimental results,whereas Pythia8 and EPOS 1.99 do not perform as well owing to the lack of correlated flow treatment.

基于考虑通信延迟改进分布一致性算法的多储能电站快速低寿命损耗功率均衡分配策略

针对多电池储能电站(BESS)跟踪快速波动的电网功率指令时存在功率分配速度慢、BESS寿命损耗高、荷电状态(SOC)均衡能力弱的问题,提出了基于考虑通信延迟改进分布一致性算法(IDCA)的多BESS快速低寿命损耗功率均衡分配策略。为了加快功率分配速度,将功率分配加权矩阵引入分布一致性算法(DCA),基于事件驱动的思想改进拉普拉斯矩阵,同时将状态反馈矩阵引入DCA以提升鲁棒性,并基于单值预测控制求取该矩阵以降低占用内存,形成IDCA;设计考虑寿命损耗与SOC均衡的BESS虚拟损耗函数,并基于该虚拟损耗函数计算功率分配加权矩阵;采用IDCA为各BESS分配功率指令,BESS响应各自指令以完成响应。选取广东电网的典型自动发电控制(AGC)指令进行仿真,结果表明:IDCA能保证功率指令快速分配,同时具有较高的鲁棒性和较低的内存占用量;所提功率分配策略有效降低了各BESS寿命损耗,促进了SOC均衡,最终实现了多BESS对AGC指令的快速准确跟踪。

基于注意力机制和价值强化学习的WRSN一对多充电调度方法

在大规模无线可充电传感器网络(WRSN)中,一对一充电模型难以满足节点巨大能量需求,充电效率更高的一对多充电成为更合理选择。提出了一种基于注意力机制和价值强化学习的WRSN在线一对多充电调度方法(MAQRL),从充电序列和充电时长两方面优化移动充电设备(MC)调度。首先,基于MC有效充电范围覆盖最多节点对网络内节点进行分簇处理,并基于价值强化学习优化充电序列。MAQRL结合注意力机制和价值强化学习,利用注意力机制提取特征和MC对节点的注意力,利用双价值强化学习来减少高估,以提高充电方法的充电性能;其次,通过分析整个网络中节点的平均剩余生存时长和MC平均移动延迟,动态优化充电时间,减少后续节点因等待时间过长而导致的死亡。大量的仿真实验表明,与现有几种充电方法相比,MAQRL在降低节点死亡率和充电延迟方面具有显著优势。

多弹丸协同冲击下柱壳装药响应特性数值模拟及试验

为探究多弹目交汇条件下多爆炸成形弹丸(Multiple Explosively Formed Projectiles, MEFP)协同冲击柱壳装药响应特性,在冲击起爆试验基础上,采用理论计算和数值仿真相结合的方式,开展不同密集度MEFP群束协同冲击柱壳装药的响应特性分析研究。实验结果表明:MEFP群束密集度λ及柱壳壁厚h均会对响应特性产生影响;当λ相同时起爆用时t随h增大而同步增加,3种壁厚起爆用时分别增大2.00、2.50、1.88倍,当λ为8和5.33时,起爆用时t随h呈线性增长规律;当h相同时起爆用时t随λ减小同步增加,4种密集度MEFP群束起爆用时分别增大2.66、3.60、3.25、2.50倍,且当柱壳壁厚h为13 mm时起爆用时t随λ同样呈线性变化规律。MEFP群束对柱壳装药的协同增强作用在h为13 mm时发生分化,当λ为16和8时,MEFP群束对目标的冲击起爆用时均早于任意单EFP作用,最多分别提前约41.22%、8.61%,协同增强作用明显;当λ为4时,MEFP群束对柱壳装药起爆能力逐渐与单EFP趋同,协同增强作用减弱。

基于LightGBM算法和出行链理论的电动汽车充电负荷多时间尺度预测模型

为提高电动汽车充电负荷预测的准确性,设计了一种基于轻量级梯度提升机(LightGBM)算法和出行链理论的电动汽车充电负荷多时间尺度预测模型。利用出行链描述用户出行过程,采用蒙特卡洛法抽取时空数据,计算不同区域出行和停留时间的概率密度函数,采用牛顿法划分多时间尺度充电概率,明确驾驶时空分布与充电状况,并运用模糊数学定理与LightGBM分类充电负荷数据,构建了多季节多时段预测模型。采用LightGBM高效并行计算模式,明确充电负荷变化规律,实现了多时间尺度预测。试验结果表明:所建立的模型在不同季节和电动汽车数量条件下,预测误差低于100 kW,预测空报率低于3%,可准确展现充电负荷的变化规律。