Clinical Study of Drug-resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treated by Combination of Anti-Tuberculosis Chemicals and Compound Astragalus Capsule(复方黄芪胶囊)

Objective: To observe and evaluate the therapeutic effect of anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) chemicals and Compound Astragalus Capsule (CAC) in combinedly treating drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (DR-TB). Methods: Ninety-two patients with DR-TB were equally randomized into the treated group (treated with combination therapy) and the control group (treated with anti-TB chemicals alone). The therapeutic course for both groups was 18 months. Therapeutic effects between the two groups were compared at the end of the therapeutic course. Sputum bacterial negative rate, focal absorption effective rate, cavity closing rate, 10-day symptom improving rate, the incidence of adverse reaction and 2-year bacteriological recurrence rate between the two groups were compared. Results: In the treated group, the sputum bacterial negative conversion rate was 84. 8% , focal absorption effective rate 91. 3% , cavity closing rate 58. 7% and 10-day symptom improving rate 54. 4% , while in the control group, the corresponding rates were 65.2% , 73. 9 % , 37.0% and 26.1 % , respectively. Comparison between the groups showed significant difference in all the parameters (P<0.05, P<0.05, P<0.05 and P<0.01). The incidence of adverse reaction and 2-year bacteriological recurrence rate in the treated group were 23. 9% and 2.6% respectively, while those in the control group 50. 0% and 16. 7% , which were higher than the former group with significant difference ( P<0. 01 and P<0. 05, respectively). Conclusion: The therapeutic effect of combined treatment with anti-TB and CAC is superior to that of treatment with anti-TB chemicals alone, and the Chinese herbal medicine showed an adverse reaction alleviating effect, which provides a new therapy for DR-TB, and therefore, it is worth spreading in clinical practice.

Drug Resistance Pattern in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients and Risk Factors Associated with Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis

Introduction: Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance is a major problem in tuberculosis (TB) control programme, particularly multi-drug resistance TB (MDR-TB) in Nepal. Drug resistance is difficult to treat due to its associated cost and side effects. The objective of this study was to assess the drug resistance pattern and assess risk factor associated with MDR-TB among pulmonary tuberculosis patients attending National Tuberculosis Center. Methodology: The comparative cross sectional study was conducted at National Tuberculosis Center during August 2015 to February 2015. Early morning sputum samples were collected from pulmonary tuberculosis suspected patients and subjected to Ziehl-Neelsen staining and fluorochrome staining and culture on Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium. Drug Susceptibility test was performed on culture positive isolates by using proportion method. Univariate and multivariate analysis was computed to assess the risk factors of MDR-TB. Results: Out of 223 sputum samples, 105 were fluorochrome staining positive, 85 were ZN staining positive and 102 were culture positive. Out of 102 culture positive isolates, 37.2% were resistance to any four anti-TB drugs. 11 (28.9%) were initial drug resistance and 28 (43.7%) were acquired drug resistance. The overall prevalence of MDR-TB was 11.7%, of which 2 (5.3%) were initial MDR-TB and 10 (15.6%) were acquired MDR-TB. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed female were significantly associated (P = 0.05) with MDR-TB. Conclusion: Drug resistance TB particularly MDR-TB is high. The most common resistance pattern observed in this study was resistance to both isoniazid and rifampicin. Female were found to be associated with MDR-TB. Thus, early diagnosis of TB and provision of culture and DST are crucial in order to combat the threat of DR-TB.

An epidemiological study of resistant tuberculosis in Chongqing,China

Background The epidemiological characteristics of drug-resistant tuberculosis （DR-TB） is fundamental to improving the prevention and control of DR-TB. Mutations in katG315 is thought to be the most predictive molecule markers for Isoniazid （INH） resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis （MTB）. However, mutations to these genes have not been thoroughly studied in China, and epidemiological evidence of their expression levels are especially lacking in the southwest of China, which has a high TB burden within the population. Methods MTB isolates were obtained from patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis at the TB dispensary and Chest hospital in Chongqing city between June 2003 and June 2006. Proportion methods were used to test the sensitivity to INH, RFP, SM and EMB of cultured MTB. A total of 100 MTB isolates were also randomly selected for analysis of the molecular mutation spectrum of katG by DNA sequencing. Results Totally 1 089 MTB isolates that completed positive sputum cultures and evaluated for their sensitivity to the four first-line drugs among 2 777 patients with TB. The prevalence of DR-TB and multi-drug resistant tuberculosis （MDR-TB） were 27.7% （302/1 089） and 7.3% （79/1 089）, respectively. The resistance to anti-TB drugs was found to be highest for SM （16.3%） and INH （14.0%）. There was also a significant increase in the prevalence of resistance to RFP and EMB （P〈0.01）, and an increase in MDR-TB between June 2003 and June 2004 and between July 2005 and June 2006. The total mutation rate of katG315 was 75＂5% （37/49） in INH-resistant MTB, and mutation sites included $315T, $315N and $315I with mutation rates of 81.1% （30/37）, 13.5% （5/37） and 5.4% （2/37）, respectively No katG315 mutants were found in any of the 48 INH-sensitive MTB. Our preliminary diagnostic results suggest that mutations in katG315 may potentially serve as molecular markers that can be used to diagnose the resistance to anti-TB drug of INH. Conclusion In the Chongqing, DR-TB and MDR-TB are increasing, and are becoming key problems for tuberculosis control. The use of katG315 mutations as potential molecule markers for drug resistance to INH may help improve patient treatment and decrease the spread of the disease

Clinical efficacy and computed tomography diagnostic value of bedaquiline-containing regimens in the treatment of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis

Objective:This study investigated the clinical efficacy of bedaquilinecontaining regimens in the treatment of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis and the diagnostic value of computed tomography(CT).Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical diagnosis,treatment,and CT imaging data of patients with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis treated in Wenzhou Central Hospital from 1 January to 31 December 2022.According to whether the treatment regimen contained bedaquiline,the patients were divided into an observation group(bedaquiline tablets t background regimen)and a control group(background regimen).The clinical efficacy and pulmonary CT changes before and after treatment were analyzed in both groups.Results:After 24 weeks of treatment,there was no statistically significant difference in the white blood cell count or concentrations of hemoglobin,alanine aminotransferase,serum albumin,or creatinine between the two groups(t=0.71,0.93,0.05,0.18,and 0.08,respectively;p>0.05).After 4,8,and 12 weeks of treatment,there was no statistically significant difference in the sputum culture-negative conversion rate between the two groups(χ^(2)=2.67,0.48,and 1.82,respectively;p>0.05).At 24 weeks of treatment,the sputum culture-negative conversion rate in the observation group reached 100%,which was significantly higher than that in the control group(χ^(2)=3.97,p<0.05).The effective absorption rates on chest imaging in the two groups of patients at 12 weeks were 83.33% and 57.89%,respectively.At 24 weeks of treatment,the effective absorption rates were 88.00% and 65.85% in the two groups,with a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=3.98;p<0.05).There were significant differences in cavity absorption at 24 weeks(χ^(2)=4.33,p<0.05)and 48 weeks after treatment(χ^(2)=10.63,p<0.05).Conclusion:The addition of bedaquiline to the background regimen improved the sputum culture-negative conversion rate and chest imaging effective rate.Patients achieved good results at the end of the 24-week treatment period.

Comparison of Two Molecular Assays For Detecting Smear Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Objective To compare the performance of MTBDRplus V2 and Xpert MTB/RIF for detecting smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis （PTB）. Methods Clinical PTB suspects were enrolled consecutively in Anhui Chest Hospital and Xi＇an Chest Hospital from January to December in 2014. The sputum samples of smear negative PTB suspects were collected and decontaminated. The sediment was used to conduct MTBDRplus V2, Xpert MTB/RIF and drug susceptibility test （DST）. All the samples with discrepant drug susceptibility result between molecular methods and phenotypic method were confirmed by DNA sequencing. Results A total of 1973 cases were enrolled in this study. The detection rates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex （MTBC） by MTBDRplus V2 and Xpert MTB/RIF were 27.67% and 27.98%, respectively. When setting MGIT culture result as a gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of MTBDRplus V2 were 86.74% and 93.84%, and the sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF were 86.55% and 93.43%, respectively. For the detection of the resistance to rifampin, the sensitivity and specificity of MTBDRplus V2 were 94.34% and 96.62%, and the sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF were 88.68% and 95.96%, respectively. For the detection of the resistance to isoniazid, the sensitivity and specificity of MTBDRplus V2 were 77.38% and 98.02%, respectively. Conclusion MTBDRplus V2 and Xpert MTB/RIF can be used to detect MTBC in smear negative samples with satisfactory performance.

Rapid Molecular Detection of Tuberculosis and Rifampicine Resistance in Ecuador

Background: In Ecuador, tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious problem that is complicated by the emergence of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). To evaluate this problem, this study was carried out at the Social Security Hospital (IESS) in Guayaquil, Ecuador from 2013 to 2015. Methods: The Xpert TB/RIF system was used to detect TB and MDR-TB and a survey was carried out to identify the factors that are potentially causing MDR-TB. Findings: 200 TB patients were confirmed on 5649 suspected patients and 20 (10%) with MDR-TB. It was observed that the annual prevalence of TB and MDR-TB had declining during study period. Trends have been declining but co-infection has doubled since 2009 with 16% of patients co-infected with HIV. Potential resistance factors identified were: disruption in drug supply, lack of resources and lack of credibility of treatment.

Anti TB drug resistance in Tanga,Tanzania:a cross sectional facility base prevalence among pulmonary TB patients

Objective:To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with drug resistance tuberculosis(TB) at facility-base level in Tanga,Tanzania.Methods:A total of 79 Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) isolates included in the study were collected from among372(312 new and 60 previously treated) TB suspects self referred to four TB clinics during a prospective study conducted from November 2012 to January 2013.Culture and drug susceptibility test of the isolates was performed at the institute of medical microbiology and epidemiology of infectious diseases,University hospital,Leipzig,Germany.Data on the patient's characteristics were obtained from structured questionnaire administered to the patients who gave informed verbal consent.Unadjusted bivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the risk factors for drug resistant-TB.The significance level was determined at P<0.05.Results:The overall proportions of any drug resistance and MDRTB were 12.7%and 6.3%respectively.The prevalence of any drug resistance and MDRTB among new cases were 11.4%and 4.3%respectively,whereas among previously treated cases was 22.2%respectively.Previously treated patients were more likely to develop anti-TB drug resistance.There was no association between anti-TB drug resistances(including MDRTB) with the risk factors analysed.Conclusions:High proportions of anti TB drug resistance among new and previously treated cases observed in this study suggest that,additional efforts still need to be done in identifying individual cases at facility base level for improved TB control programmes and drug resistance survey should continuously be monitored in the country.

2015—2022年天水市肺结核患者耐药情况及利福平耐药特征分析

目的:分析2015—2022年甘肃省天水市肺结核患者耐药情况及利福平耐药特征,为优化耐药结核病卫生政策提供科学依据。方法:采用回顾性研究方法,从“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”子系统“结核病管理信息系统”中收集2015—2022年天水市肺结核患者实验室检测结果、耐药筛查和耐药结核病诊断信息等资料,分析患者病原学阳性率、药物敏感性试验结果和耐药诊断时间等。结果:2015—2022年,天水市共登记活动性肺结核患者8458例,除外结核性胸膜炎的肺结核患者为7895例,病原学阳性率为28.32%(2236/7895),且从2015年的11.33%(177/1562)上升至2022年的61.30%(236/385),呈明显上升趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=1014.480,P=0.000);天水市应耐药筛查肺结核患者2360例,实际耐药筛查率为85.00%(2006/2360),从2015年的54.80%(97/177)上升至2022年的93.39%(240/257),呈明显上升趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=397.292,P=0.000);天水市耐药检出率为98.90%(1984/2006),利福平耐药检出率为15.73%(312/1984),从2015年的10.42%(10/96)上升至2017年的28.57%(62/217),再下降至2022年的11.34%(27/238),呈先上升后下降趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=27.248,P=0.000)。312例利福平耐药患者中,男性[198例(63.46%)]多于女性[114例(36.54%)];年龄相对集中在20~29岁[85例(27.24%)]和40~49岁[66例(21.15%)],且老年患者(60~83岁)比例从2016年的9.52%(2/21)上升至2022年的25.93%(7/27),呈明显上升趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=4.801,P=0.028);职业以农民为主[213例(68.27%)];痰涂片结果以涂阳患者居多[215例(68.91%)],但痰涂片阳性率从2015年的100.00%(10/10)下降至2022年的59.26%(16/27),呈下降趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=17.664,P=0.000)。耐药谱前3位依次为利福平+异烟肼+乙胺丁醇[26.92%(84/312)]、利福平[26.28%(82/312)]和利福平+异烟肼[23.40%(73/312)]。耐药患者诊断时间中位数(四分位数)从2016年的145(91,196)d逐年下降至2019年的21(12,39)d。结论:2015—2022年天水市肺结核患者病原学阳性率和耐药筛查率均呈逐年上升趋势,利福平耐药检出率波动较大,耐药诊断时间明显缩短,建议加大老年肺结核患者利福平耐药筛查力度,以减少耐药肺结核的传播。

GeneXpert MTB/RIF检测技术在新疆结核病防治规划中的应用效果

目的:探索在施行结核病防治“新疆模式”中,全面应用GeneXpert MTB/RIF(简称“GeneXpert”)检测发现肺结核及利福平耐药肺结核的效果。方法:从“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”的子系统“结核病管理信息系统”中,收集2017—2020年新疆维吾尔自治区(简称“新疆”)肺结核登记数据,对全面应用GeneXpert检测的效果进行分析,评价2017-2020年肺结核病原学阳性率、利福平耐药检测率、利福平耐药患者发现水平的变化。结果:GeneXpert设备覆盖率、GeneXpert检测率、病原学阳性率分别从2017年的20.00%(22/110)、0.32%(126/39 261)和20.17%(7919/39 261)提高到2020年的100.00%(110/110)、75.16%(19 610/26 090)和57.94%(15 116/26 090),差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=40.705,P<0.001;χ^(2)=174.087,P<0.001;χ^(2)=47.569,P<0.001)。病原学阳性患者数从2017年的7919例提高到2020年的15 116例,仅GeneXpert检测阳性患者数从2017年的6例提高到2020年的7194例,所占比例从0.08%(6/7919)提高到47.59%(7194/15 116),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=83.824,P<0.001)。病原学阳性肺结核患者利福平耐药筛查率和GeneXpert耐药检测率分别从2017年的44.49%(3523/7919)和1.85%(65/3523)提高到2020年的99.79%(15 084/15 116)和96.13%(14 501/15 084),差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=133.333,P<0.001;χ^(2)=250.893,P<0.001)。结论:GeneXpert检测技术的应用,可以明显提升病原学阳性和利福平耐药肺结核的发现水平,有利于新疆结核病疫情的快速下降。

肺结核患者结核分枝杆菌耐药的影响因素

目的:分析肺结核患者结核分枝杆菌耐药的影响因素。方法:回顾性分析2020年4月至2023年4月于泉州市第一医院就诊的100例肺结核患者的临床资料,采集患者入院24 h内的晨痰行细菌培养和药敏试验,根据结核分枝杆菌是否耐药分为耐药组(n=40)和敏感组(n=60),分析结核分枝杆菌耐药的影响因素。结果:100例肺结核患者中结核分枝杆菌耐药40例,耐药率为40.00%,其中耐多药结核病占80.00%;两组性别、年龄、体质量指数、婚姻、病程、饮酒史、高血压、长期应用糖皮质激素、侵入性操作、病变累及肺叶数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组居住地、吸烟史、糖尿病、空洞肺结核、复治肺结核情况比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析结果显示,居住农村、吸烟、合并糖尿病、空洞肺结核、复治肺结核均为肺结核患者结核分枝杆菌耐药的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。结论:居住农村、吸烟、合并糖尿病、空洞肺结核、复治肺结核均为肺结核患者结核分枝杆菌耐药的危险因素。

青藏高原肺结核合并念珠菌感染患者的病原菌分布特点及耐药率分析

目的研究青藏高原肺结核患者中机会性念珠菌病原学分布特点及耐药情况。方法分析2020年3月1日至2020年12月31日青海省第四人民医院3012例住院肺结核患者,收集痰标本,采用VITEK-32-YBC全自动细菌分析系统进行念珠菌鉴定,并对检出的念珠菌进行药敏试验。结果在本次调查的3012例肺结核患者中,合并念珠菌感染的肺结核患者有283例,占9.40%。其中,念珠菌类型又以白念珠菌为主,占总数的79.86%。结论青藏高原地区肺结核合并念珠菌感染的患病率较高。因此,选择抗菌药物要根据患者的情况综合分析,以此来选择最佳、最有效的药物治疗方法。

2011—2020年北京市怀柔区耐药结核病高危人群利福平耐药筛查情况分析

目的:通过筛查耐药结核病高危人群,了解北京市怀柔区耐药结核病高危人群利福平耐药情况。方法:统计2011—2020年登记管理的肺结核患者中耐药结核病高危人群筛查情况,包括筛查对象、结核菌培养及药敏试验,对耐药高危人群利福平耐药情况进行分析。结果:2011—2020年北京市怀柔区共登记利福平耐药高危人群130例,完成耐药筛查130例,筛查率为100.00%。实验室污染率为3.08%,其中,涂阳培阴率为34.62%,主要体现在治疗2个月及以上的痰涂片或培养仍为阳性的初治患者中;耐药结核病高危人群培养阳性81例,菌种鉴定为结核分枝杆菌75例,检出利福平耐药23例,检出率为30.67%,明显高于与同期初治培养阳性的肺结核患者利福平耐药检率的3.33%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=40.82,P<0.05)。结论:北京市怀柔区积极开展监测,使利福平耐药结核病能够得到有效的管理和医治,做到早发现、早治疗,避免因贫致病、因病返贫,更重要的是能够有效遏制利福平耐药肺结核的传播风险,减少对人们健康的危害。

肺结核继发其他病原菌肺部感染的病原菌特征及耐药性分析

目的分析肺结核继发其他病原菌肺部感染的病原菌特征及耐药性。方法2019年1月至2021年5月莆田学院附属医院收治的320例肺结核继发其他病原学肺部感染患者作为研究对象,取所有患者的痰液或肺泡灌洗液样本进行痰培养,并展开药敏试验。结果320例患者共分离96株病原菌,病原菌分布为革兰阴性菌占比58.33%、真菌占比28.13%和革兰阳性菌占比13.54%。革兰阳性菌以金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌最常见,对哌拉西林、庆大霉素、左氧氟沙星的耐药性最高,对多粘菌素B、美罗培南和亚胺培南的耐药性低;革兰阴性菌以肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌和大肠埃希菌最常见,对青霉素、苯唑西林、红霉素的耐药性最高,对万古霉素、利奈唑胺和替加环素的耐药性低;真菌以白假丝孝母菌最常见,对酮康唑、氟康唑的耐药性最高,对两性霉素和伏立康唑的耐药性低。结论导致肺结核继发肺部感染的病原菌种类多,需开展病原学检查,并以药敏试验结果为参考合理的选择药物,以确保临床治疗有效性及用药安全性。

耐多药肺结核病患者生命质量及影响因素分析

目的探讨耐多药和利福平耐药肺结核病(multidrug-resistant and rifampin-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis,MDR/RR-PTB)患者的健康相关生命质量(health related quality of life,HRQOL)并分析其影响因素。方法选取2021年至2024年巴中市《结核病管理信息系统》登记治疗管理的50例MDR/RR-PTB患者为耐药组,选取同期该系统登记治疗管理的对抗结核药物治疗敏感的肺结核患者50例作为对照组,采用慢性肺结核患者生命质量测定量表(quality of life instuments for chronic disease pulmonary tuberculosis,QLICD-PT)评估并比较两组患者的HRQOL,用多重线性回归分析法分析影响MDR/RR-PTB患者HRQOL的因素。结果与对照组比较,MDR/RR-PTB组患者除生理功能得分外,其他各模块差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单因素分析结果显示,不同性别、医保类别、家庭月收入、有无合并症、淋巴细胞计数、白蛋白、C反应蛋白、体质量指数的患者QLICD-PT总分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多重线性回归分析结果显示,医保类别、家庭月收入差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论MDR/RR-PTB患者HRQOL低于对抗结核药物敏感的肺结核患者,患者的医保类别、家庭月收入是MDR/RR-PTB患者HRQOL的可能影响因素。

世界卫生组织《耐药结核病和丙型病毒性肝炎治疗的联合管理(2024快讯版)》解读

世界卫生组织于2024年4月9日发布了《耐药结核病和丙型肝炎治疗的联合管理(2024快讯版)》。本文中,笔者介绍了该指南内容的要点,包括耐药结核病与丙型病毒性肝炎共病治疗管理的背景、指南更新的主要关键证据及主要发现,并总结下一步指南更新方向,同时,就该指南在中国临床实践的可行性和未来研究方向提出了思考和讨论。

广州市“十二五”与“十三五”期间利福平耐药肺结核患者发现与治疗情况分析

目的:分析广州市“十二五”与“十三五”结核病防治规划期间利福平耐药肺结核(RR-PTB)患者发现与治疗情况,为进一步制定本地区RR-PTB防治规划提供科学依据。方法:通过“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”子系统“结核病信息管理系统”,按照登记时间导出2011年1月1日至2020年12月31日,即“十二五”(2011—2015年)和“十三五”(2016—2020年)规划期间广州市登记的肺结核患者耐药病案数据(包括性别、年龄、民族、职业、户籍、耐药类型、治疗分类等相关信息),筛选出利福平耐药患者病案,分析患者登记、人群特征、耐药筛查和治疗转归情况。结果:2011—2020年,RR-PTB患者年均登记率为0.71/10万(1152/16286.08万),从2011年的0.31/10万(42/1346.32万)上升至2015年的0.38/10万(60/1594.95万)和2020年的0.97/10万(182/1874.03万),呈逐年上升趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=256.395,P<0.001)。其中,“十二五”期间年均登记率为0.34/10万(250/7358.06万),不同年份登记率的差异无统计学意义(χ_(趋势)^(2)=4.674,P=0.322);“十三五”期间年均登记率为1.01/10万(902/8928.02万),不同年份登记率的差异有统计学意义(χ_(趋势)^(2)=38.439,P<0.001)。1152例患者中,以男性(851例,73.87%)、25~34岁青壮年(257例,22.31%)和家政家务及待业(364例,31.60%)为主;流动人口、初治、RR-PTB(除异烟肼耐药)、广泛耐药肺结核比例分别从“十二五”的8.80%(22/250)、11.20%(28/250)、0.00%(0/250)和0.00%(0/250)上升到“十三五”的54.43%(491/902)、37.14%(335/902)、19.84%(179/902)和0.78%(7/902),差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=91.370、298.740、97.915、34.096,P值均<0.001)。广州市耐药肺结核高危人群筛查率由2017年的60.91%(148/243)上升至2020年的98.95%(568/574),新发/初治病原学阳性肺结核耐药应筛查率由2018年的83.93%(1410/1680)提高到2020年的94.99%(3222/3392),差异均有统计学意义(χ_(趋势)^(2)=425.043、269.670,P值均<0.001)。纳入治疗、完成治疗和治疗成功的患者比例分别从“十二五”的81.20%(203/250)、2.46%(5/203)和45.81%(93/203)提高到“十三五”的91.02%(821/902)、33.62%(276/821)和67.48%(554/821),治疗失败患者比例从17.73%(36/203)降低至2.68%(22/821),差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=19.112、86.809、46.636、58.572,P值均<0.001)。结论:在“十二五”与“十三五”规划期间,广州市RR-PTB的防治工作取得了显著的成效。下一步工作中需继续坚持政府主导、多部门合作和全社会共同参与的原则,切实落实结核病防治规划要求,加强结核病防治服务体系建设。

Th1/Th2细胞表达对耐多药肺结核患者治疗转归的影响

目的探讨辅助T细胞1(Th1)/辅助T细胞2(Th2)细胞表达对耐多药肺结核(MDR-TB)患者治疗转归的影响。方法回顾性纳入南阳市中心医院2019年1月至2022年9月收治的92例MDR-TB患者临床资料。所有患者均接受左氧氟沙星、贝达喹啉、利奈唑胺、氯法齐明、环丝氨酸联合治疗,强化治疗周期为6个月。根据强化治疗结束后患者治疗转归情况将患者分为转归良好组(74例)和转归不良组(18例)。对比两组一般资料和治疗前所测的Th1、Th2细胞表达情况及其他实验室指标,分析Th1/Th2细胞表达对患者治疗转归的影响。结果转归不良组有既往吸烟史占比、Th2高于转归良好组,Th1、Th1/Th2低于转归良好组(P<0.05)。经点二列相关性分析显示,Th1、Th2、Th1/Th2细胞表达与MDR-TB患者治疗转归情况有关。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,结果显示,Th1、Th2、Th1/Th2细胞表达预测MDR-TB患者治疗转归的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.827、0.813、0.883,Th1/Th2预测价值最高。结论Th1/Th2细胞表达可对MDR-TB患者治疗转归的产生影响,其值越高,治疗转归不良发生率越高。

贝达喹啉联合背景方案治疗耐药肺结核的疗效

目的:探讨贝达喹啉联合背景方案治疗耐药肺结核的疗效。方法:回顾性选择2022年1月至2023年1月广东省广州市胸科医院收治的159例耐药肺结核患者,按随机对照原则分组。对照组(80例)接受常规背景方案治疗,研究组(79例)在其基础上联合贝达喹啉治疗。于6个月后评估两组病灶吸收率、痰菌转阴率及空洞闭合率,对比两组治疗前后血清肝功能指标、心电图QTc变化,统计两组不良反应发生率。结果:研究组病灶吸收率、痰菌转阴率及空洞闭合率均较对照组高(P<0.05)。两组治疗后丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)水平升高(P<0.05);研究组治疗后ALT、AST水平与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组治疗后QTcF值升高,心率降低(P<0.05)。且研究组治疗后QTcF值比对照组高,心率比对照组低(P<0.05)。两组转氨酶升高、白细胞减少及胃肠道反应发生率对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组QT间期延长发生率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:贝达喹啉联合背景方案治疗耐药肺结核的疗效较佳,未引起肝功能指标异常,但QT间期延长发生率较高。

初诊肺结核患者肠道菌群改变及其与耐多药的临床关系分析

目的:观察初诊肺结核患者肠道菌群改变,并分析其与耐多药的临床关系。方法:选取2021年6月至2023年5月本院收治的初诊肺结核患者347例,纳入肺结核组。另选取同期于本院体检的健康受试者347例,纳入健康组。比较两组肠道菌群属水平的相对丰度及肠道菌群Observed species指数、Shannon指数;肺结核组患者治疗2个月后,根据结核分枝杆菌(MTB)是否耐多药将肺结核组分为耐多药组、非耐多药组;比较耐多药组、非耐多药组一般资料及肠道菌群属水平的相对丰度;采用Logistic回归模型分析初诊肺结核患者耐多药的影响因素。结果:与健康组比较,肺结核组丁酸单胞菌属、类杆菌属、乳杆菌属、双歧杆菌属、布劳特菌属、梭状芽孢杆菌属的相对丰度及Observed species指数、Shannon指数降低(P<0.05),肠球菌属、粪球菌属、多尔菌属、志贺菌属、小杆菌属、韦荣球菌属、瘤胃球菌属的相对丰度升高(P<0.05);初诊肺结核患者耐多药率23.08%;与非耐多药组比较,耐多药组双歧杆菌属的相对丰度及Observed species指数、Shannon指数降低(P<0.05);Logistic回归模型分析显示,初中及以下文化程度(OR=2.678,95%CI:1.309~5.476)、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)(OR=3.931,95%CI:1.514~10.212)、结核病接触史(OR=2.494,95%CI:1.364~4.562)、肺结核空洞病灶数量(OR=2.776,95%CI:1.872~4.116)、治疗过程中断(OR=2.450,95%CI:1.306~4.596)、双歧杆菌属相对丰度(OR=0.393,95%CI:0.268~0.576)和Shannon指数(OR=0.463,95%CI:0.302~0.712)是初诊肺结核患者耐多药的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:初诊肺结核患者肠道菌群平衡失调,初中及以下文化程度、COPD、结核病接触史、肺结核空洞病灶数量、治疗过程中断是其耐多药的危险因素,双歧杆菌属相对丰度、Shannon指数是其保护因素。

耐多药肺结核合并2型糖尿病1例并文献复习

耐多药肺结核的诊治是全球结核病控制的重难点问题,若合并糖尿病将进一步加大治疗难度,影响疾病的转归。本例患者自2015年开始,先后经历2次抗结核治疗失败,经过痰培养及药敏检查确诊耐多药肺结核,调整抗结核治疗方案的同时加强血糖的管理,最终治愈停药。本病例为耐多药肺结核与糖尿病共病患者的诊治提供了参考。