Distal-scanning common path probe for optical coherence tomography

In this paper,we present a distal-scanning common path probe for optical coherence tomography(OCT)equipped with a hollow ultrasonic motor and a simple and specially designed beam-splitter.This novel probe proves to be able to effectively circumvent polarization and dispersion mismatch caused by fiber motion and is more robust to a variety of interfering factors during the imaging process,experimentally compared to a conventional noncommon path probe.Furthermore,our design counteracts the attenuation of backscattering with depth and the fall-off of the signal,resulting in a more balanced signal range and greater imaging depth.Spectral-domain OCT imaging of phantom and biological tissue is also demonstrated with a sensitivity of∼100dB and a lateral resolution of∼3μm.This low-cost probe offers simplified system configuration and excellent robustness,and is therefore particularly suitable for clinical diagnosis as one-off medical apparatus.

Effects of optical axis direction on optical path difference and lateral displacement of Savart polariscope

A simple method is applied to calculating the optical path difference （OPD） of a plane parallel uniaxial plate with an arbitrary optical axis direction. Then, the theoretical expressions of the OPD and lateral displacement （LD） of Savart polariscope under non-ideal conditions are obtained exactly. The variations of OPD and LD are simulated, and some important conclusions are obtained when the optical axis directions have an identical tolerance of ／pm 1^{{／circ}}. An application example is given that the tolerances of optical axis directions are gained according to the spectral resolution tolerances of the stationary polarization interference imaging spectrometer （SPIIS）. Several approximate formulae are obtained for explaining some conclusions above. The work provides a theoretical guidance for the optic design, crystal processing, installation and debugging, data analysis and spectral reconstruction of the SPIIS.

Analysing the structure of the optical path length of a supersonic mixing layer by using wavelet methods

The nano-particle-based planar laser scattering （NPLS） technique is used to measure the density distribution in the supersonic mixing layer of the convective Mach number 0.12, and the optical path difference （OPL）, which is quite crucial for the study of aero-optics, is obtained by post processing. Based on the high spatiotemporal resolutions of the NPLS, the structure of the OPL is ana]ysed using wavelet methods. The coherent structures of the OPL are extracted using three methods, including the methods of thresholding the coefficients of the orthogonal wavelet transform and the wavelet packet transform, and preserving a number of wavelet packet coefficients with the largest amplitudes determined by the entropy dimension. Their performances are compared, and the method using the wavelet packet is the best. Based on the viewpoint of multifractals, we study the OPL by the wavelet transform maxima method （WTMM）, and the result indicates that its scaling behaviour is evident.

Measurements of Nighttime Nitrate Radical Concentrations in the Atmosphere by Long-Path Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy

The long-path differential optical absorption spectroscopy （LP-DOAS） technique was developed to mea- sure nighttime atmospheric nitrate radical （NO3） concentrations. An optimized retrieval method, resulting in a small residual structure and low detection limits, was developed to retrieve NO3. The time series of the NO3 concentration were collected from 17 to 24 March, 2006, where a nighttime average value of 15.8 ppt was observed. The interfering factors and errors are also discussed. These results indicate that the DOAS technique provides an essential tool for the quantification of NO3 concentration and in the study of its effects upon nighttime chemistry.

Development of Dual-light Path Monitoring System of Optical Thin-film Thickness

The accurate monitoring of optical thin-film thickness is a key technique for depositing optical thin-film. For existing coating equipments, which are low precision and automation level on monitoring thin-film thickness, a new photoelectric control and analysis system has been developed. In the new system, main techniques include a photoelectric system with dual-light path, a dual-lock-phase circuit system and a comprehensive digital processing-control-analysis system.The test results of new system show that the static and dynamic stabilities and the control precision of thin-film thickness are extremely increased. The standard deviation of thin-film thickness, which indicates the duplication of thin-film thickness monitoring, is equal to or less than 0.72%. The display resolution limit on reflectivity is 0.02 %. In the system, the linearity of drift is very high, and the static drift ratio approaches zero.

An Optical Path Length Modulator for Laser Diode Self-Mixing Interference

Transparent liquid flattening or stretching realizes optical path length modulation. A flat thin seal transparent cavity, one flank is an electromagnetic driving membrane and is filled over with transparent liquid. Vibration of the membrane makes the liquid compressing or stretching, changes the liquid layer thickness, i.e. the optical path length of light through the liquid layer. The liquid layer compressed is equivalent to increase membrane tension. The membrane has higher resonant frequency. The cavity diameter 10 mm modulation frequency is about 18 kHz.

Modified Ceiling Bounce Model for Computing Path Loss and Delay Spread in Indoor Optical Wireless Systems

This paper proposes modifications to the tradional Ceiling Bounce Model and uses it to characterize diffuse indoor optical wireless channel by analyzing the effect of transceiver position on signal propagation properties. The modified approach uses a combination of the tradional ceiling bounce method and a statistical approach. The effects of different transmitter-receiver separations and height of the ceiling on path loss and delay spread are studied in detail.

Visual Passive Ranging Method Based on Re-entrant Coaxial Optical Path and Experimental Verification

To overcome the shortcomings of the traditional passive ranging technology based on image, such as poor ranging accuracy, low reliability and complex system, a new visual passive ranging method based on re-entrant coaxial optical path is presented. The target image is obtained using double cameras with coaxial optical path. Since there is imaging optical path difference between the cameras, the images are different. In comparison of the image differences, the target range could be reversed. The principle of the ranging method and the ranging model are described. The relationship among parameters in the ranging process is analyzed quantitatively. Meanwhile,the system composition and technical realization scheme are also presented. Also, the principle of the method is verified by the equivalent experiment. The experimental results show that the design scheme is correct and feasible with good robustness. Generally, the ranging error is less than 10% with good convergence. The optical path is designed in a re-entrant mode to reduce the volume and weight of the system. Through the coaxial design,the visual passive range of the targets with any posture can be obtained in real time. The system can be widely used in electro-optical countermeasure and concealed photoelectric detection.

Fold optics path:an improvement for an atomic fountain

A fold optical path is utilized to capture and launch atoms in the atomic fountain. This improved technique reduces the laser power needed by 60 percent, facilitates suppression of the laser power fluctuations, and leads to a more simple and stable system.

Universal form of the power spectrum of the aero-optical aberration caused by the supersonic turbulent boundary layer

Based on the measurement of one-dimensional （1D） optical path difference （OPD） of the supersonic turbulent bound- ary layer, an analytical form for the power spectrum of the two-dimensional （2D） OPD is obtained with its structure function and under the locally homogeneous isotropic assumption. The universality of this spectrum is argued, and its validity is checked by the comparison with experimental result. The potential applications of this model in theoretical and numerical studies are emphasized. Another contribution of this work is around the application of correlation function to analyzing the statistics of OPD. Based on our results and other results published elsewhere, we show that the OPD is often not stationary, and one should be cautious about using this tool.

SDN Orchestration for Dynamic End-to-End Control of Data Center Multi-Domain Optical Networking

New and emerging use cases, such as the interconnection of geographically distributed data centers(DCs), are drawing attention to the requirement for dynamic end-to-end service provisioning, spanning multiple and heterogeneous optical network domains. This heterogeneity is, not only due to the diverse data transmission and switching technologies, but also due to the different options of control plane techniques. In light of this, the problem of heterogeneous control plane interworking needs to be solved, and in particular, the solution must address the specific issues of multi-domain networks, such as limited domain topology visibility, given the scalability and confidentiality constraints. In this article, some of the recent activities regarding the Software-Defined Networking(SDN) orchestration are reviewed to address such a multi-domain control plane interworking problem. Specifically, three different models, including the single SDN controller model, multiple SDN controllers in mesh, and multiple SDN controllers in a hierarchical setting, are presented for the DC interconnection network with multiple SDN/Open Flow domains or multiple Open Flow/Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching( GMPLS) heterogeneous domains. I n addition, two concrete implementations of the orchestration architectures are detailed, showing the overall feasibility and procedures of SDN orchestration for the end-to-endservice provisioning in multi-domain data center optical networks.

Simultaneous Measurements of Coal Ash Composition by Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy in Different Optical Collection

针对燃煤组分分布不均匀的特性，研究不同收光模式对激光诱导击穿光谱技术同步测量灰成分的影响。选用具有不同灰成分含量梯度的燃煤样品作为检测对象，对比分析同向收光和侧向收光下灰成分组成元素谱线信号探测的强度和稳定性及SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、CaO、MgO和TiO2含量定量分析的精确度。研究结果表明，相同实验条件下同向收光模式的光谱信号稳定性和定量分析精确度更好，检验样品中各灰成分的预测值和参考值之间的拟合度均在0．986以上。而侧向收光模式下探测到的光谱信号强度更强，光谱探测下限可以达到190nm。

Resource Allocation Using SPA Based on Different Cost Functions in Elastic Optical Networks

Routing, modulation and spectrum allocation in elastic optical networks is a problem aiming at increasing the capacity of the network. Many algorithms such as shortest path algorithm can be used as the routing section of this problem. The efficiency of these algorithms is partly based on how the cost of each link is defined. In this study, we considered several basic metrics in cost of network links and compared their effects on the network capacity. In particular, the static costs and the dynamic costs were evaluated and compared. For dynamic scenarios, compared to static scenarios, at least one additional factor, the usage of the links, was added. We further considered a new factor that is based on probability of accommodating the signal at a given time in any given link. The results show that, among them, the shortest path algorithm provides the least blocking probability when the cost is a combination of link length and the abovementioned possibility/usage of the link.

高速飞行器气动光学效应

采用数值模拟、计算光学方法和理论,对超声速飞行器流场进行数值模拟研究,获取不同飞行高度和攻角下光学窗口上方流场的密度分布,根据Gladstone-Dale关系得到光学窗口上方的折射率场,利用光线追迹法计算流场光程差分布情况。对流场光程差的分布情况进行分析,可以得出结论:随着飞行高度的增加,气动光学效应逐渐减弱;随着攻角的增大,气动光学效应逐渐增强。

Tool path generation of ultra-precision diamond turning: A state-of-the-art review

With the increasing market demand for optical complex surface parts,the application of multi-axis ultraprecision single-point diamond turning is increasing.A tool path generation method is very important to decrease manufacturing time,enhance surface quality,and reduce cost.Compared with the tool path generation of the traditional multi-axis milling,that of the ultra-precision single-point diamond turning requires higher calculation accuracy and efficiency.This paper reviews the tool path generation of ultra-precision diamond turning,considering several key issues:cutter location(CL)points calculation,the topological form of tool path,interpolation mode,and G code optimization.

Scientific Communities Found Based on the Path Structure of Citation Network

Based on the structure of citation network, the citation paths among papers, and the association strength such as coupling, co-citation and etc. between two papers are defined in this article. We give formulas to quantify the association strength in order to establish citation network model based on the citation path structure. Then, the OPTICS algorithm is brought into the scientific communities found model since it can solve the parameter’s setting problem. This method combines various kinds of path structures together and thus it contains more complete citation network information. Experiments and analysis reveal the reliability and validity of this method.

国外光电瞄准吊舱探测系统总体构架的对比分析

回顾了国外军队装备的四代光电瞄准吊舱的技术特点和发展历程,定义了光学口径和吊舱舱径之比(光舱比)作为衡量集成度的标准,重点针对第三代的Sniper XR ATP和ATFLIR两型采用共光路串联布局吊舱的探测系统进行了分析和正向设计:二者均拥有Φ150 mm口径,约1.5°×1.5°视场,在0.7~0.9μm和3.7~4.8μm波段的传递函数接近衍射限,前者为透射式前置望远系统,后者为离轴三反式前置望远系统,二者的结构布局为:前置望远系统置于吊舱前部压缩光束,通过光学铰链和快反镜将光束导入吊舱中,部分光进入各自的探测通道或激光发射通道。其中,类ATP的透射式前置望远系统可在汇聚光路中折叠形成俯仰/方位正交轴系并置于305 mm舱径内,光舱比约0.492;类ATFLIR的离轴三反式前置望远系统可在压缩后的平行光路中折叠形成方位/俯仰两个正交轴系并置于Φ330 mm的球体内,光舱比约0.455。作为对比,采用共光舱并联布局的第四代Litening 5和Talios吊舱探测系统将所有光学载荷和伺服框架平台置于吊舱前部的Φ406 mm球体内,光舱比约0.37,其并联共光舱设计架构的集成度较低。针对未来可能的升级要求,类ATFLIR吊舱比ATP吊舱具有更强的生命力,其采用纯反射式的前置望远系统可以更方便地增加波段和拓展功能。

场站空间甲烷逸散泄漏激光遥测光路匹配研究

基于计算流体力学(CFD)对非合作目标条件下甲烷遥测路径进行分析,结合一维视线积分浓度表征模型,开展不同风速、不同泄漏位置工况下甲烷逸散数值模拟研究,探究不同扫描方案下,甲烷视线积分浓度值变化规律,获得油气场站激光检测最优方案,与实际检测路径进行光路匹配。研究结果表明:在不同泄漏位置与不同风速条件下,光路水平距离为5 m的扫描方案能够实现油气场站泄漏气体的快速扫描与报警;随着泄漏位置与检测器水平距离增大,风速增强,光路水平距离为5 m的扫描方案在报警时间方面比其他方案优越性更明显。

制氢厂房氢泄漏激光检测光路布置优化研究

氢气扩散能力强、燃烧速度快、可燃范围广的特点使其泄漏易发生爆炸事故。对比基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术的激光传感器布置方式,以降低对氢泄漏的检测时间,获得最佳光路布置间距和角度。利用数值模拟研究了氢气在制氢厂房内的泄漏逸散规律,通过光学仿真确定了激光传感器的最短布置距离,分析了相邻光路间距及光路投影角度两种因素对氢泄漏检测的影响,得到了检测时间短、经济成本相对较低的布置方式。结果表明:相邻光路间距为0.4 m、光路与地面夹角为45°时,检测氢气泄漏时间优于其他方式并且所需激光传感器数量最少。

反射镜式光电系统光路内嵌复合轴稳定误差分析

为满足各类装备平台对反射镜式光电系统光路内嵌复合轴高精度稳定的需求,针对实际研制中各类误差源相互耦合难以控制的难题,文中基于反射镜式光电系统光路内嵌复合轴稳定的原理,从理论上分析了快速反射镜角度与瞄准线角度关系线性化、陀螺和快速反射镜安装正交性误差以及快速反射镜测角精度对系统瞄准线稳定误差的影响,建立了瞄准线稳定误差与上述影响因素之间量化数学模型,并根据量化模型开展了计算仿真实验。仿真结果表明,在瞄准线稳定误差要求为2μrad级别时,快速反射镜角度与瞄准线偏转角度关系不能采用简化的线性化处理,陀螺安装误差应小于0.005 mrad,快速反射镜的安装误差应小于0.003 mrad,快速反射镜的测角精度应达到0.001 mrad。在实际应用中,在保证快速反射镜测角精度的基础上,应对陀螺和快速反射镜安装误差进行校准补偿,确保陀螺和快速反射镜安装误差产生的瞄准线稳定误差绝对值之和小于瞄准线稳定精度要求。