Dynamic design of a nonlinear energy sink with NiTiNOL-steel wire ropes based on nonlinear output frequency response functions

A novel vibration isolation device called the nonlinear energy sink(NES)with NiTiNOL-steel wire ropes(NiTi-ST)is applied to a whole-spacecraft system.The NiTi-ST is used to describe the damping of the NES,which is coupled with the modified Bouc-Wen model of hysteresis.The NES with NiTi-ST vibration reduction principle uses the irreversibility of targeted energy transfer(TET)to concentrate the energy locally on the nonlinear oscillator,and then dissipates it through damping in the NES with NiTi-ST.The generalized vibration transmissibility,obtained by the root mean square treatment of the harmonic response of the nonlinear output frequency response functions(NOFRFs),is first used as the evaluation index to analyze the whole-spacecraft system in the future.An optimization analysis of the impact of system responses is performed using different parameters of NES with NiTi-ST based on the transmissibility of NOFRFs.Finally,the effects of vibration suppression by varying the parameters of NiTi-ST are analyzed from the perspective of energy absorption.The results indicate that NES with NiTi-ST can reduce excessive vibration of the whole-spacecraft system,without changing its natural frequency.Moreover,the NES with NiTi-ST can be directly used in practical engineering applications.

Distribution of wire deformation within strands of wire ropes

Using ANSYS software, we developed a modeling program for several kinds of wire ropes with metal cores and built a geometric model for the 6×19 IWS wire rope. Through proper grid partitioning, a finite element model for calculating the deforma-tion of wire rope was obtained. Completely constraining one end of the wire rope and applying an axial force to the other end, we established the boundary conditions for solving the model. In addition, we numerically simulated the stress and deformation of the wire, obtaining the deformation distribution of each wire within the wire rope under different laying directions. At the end, a tensile test of the 6×19 IWS wire rope was carried out and the results of simulation and experiment compared.

Dynamic behavior of bridge-erecting machine subjected to moving mass suspended by wire ropes

The dynamic behavior of a bridge-erecting machine, carrying a moving mass suspended by a wire rope, is investigated. The bridge-erecting machine is modelled by a simply supported uniform beam, and a massless equivalent ＂spring-damper＂ system with an effective spring constant and an effective damping coefficient is used to model the moving mass suspended by the wire rope. The suddenly applied load is represented by a unitary Dirac Delta function. With the expansion method, a simple closed-form solution for the equation of motion with the replaced spring-damper-mass system is formulated. The characters of the rope are included in the derivation of the differential equation of motion for the system. The numerical examples show that the effects of the damping coefficient and the spring constant of the rope on the deflection have significant variations with the loading frequency. The effects of the damping coefficient and the spring constant under different beam lengths are also examined. The obtained results validate the presented approach, and provide significant references in the design process of bridgeerecting machines.

Effect of Tension on Friction Coefficient Between Lining and Wire Rope with Low Speed Sliding

In order to obtain the exact friction coefficient between lining and wire rope, the tension of wire rope is studied as a factor which affects this coefficient. A mechanical model of a wire rope subjected to axial load was established to determine the torque of the wire rope. The contact motion between lining and wire rope was regarded as a screw rotation and the axial force of the lining resulting from the torque of the wire rope was analyzed. Theoretical formulas relating tension of the wire rope and the friction coefficient was obtained. Experiments between lining and wire rope with low sliding speed were carried out with friction tester made by us. Experimental results show that increment of the friction coefficient is proportional to that of the tension of the wire rope with a low sliding speed. The experimental results agree with the theoretical calculation; the errors are less than 6%, which oroves the validity of the theoretical model.

Numerical investigation of the seismic response of a UHV composite bypass switch retrofitted with wire rope isolators

An ultra-high voltage(UHV)composite bypass switch(BPS)faces increasing seismic challenges when UHV projects extend to high seismic intensity areas.The UHV composite BPS still generates excessive stress at the bottom section although hollow composite insulators with high flexural strength are adopted.Since the standard retrofitting strategy by using stiffer supports cannot reduce stress responses,wire rope isolation is introduced.The optimal design of isolation considers both stress and displacement responses since the slenderness and composite material of insulators contribute to significant displacement.The results show that properly designed isolation can significantly reduce stress without excessive displacement responses.A larger radius configuration helps to improve the applicability of small stiffness isolators under high winds.When the isolation still cannot satisfy the requirement,smaller stiffness isolators with a larger radius,or isolators with increased loops and smaller radius,can be introduced to gain better energy dissipation capacity and effectiveness in response mitigation.Accordingly,a three-step design procedure is proposed to increase the damping force but fix the rotational stiffness of isolation.Hence,the application of wire rope isolation can be extended to UHV composite BPS with a low natural frequency,but conductors with enough redundancy should be used.

Key technique of a detection sensor for coal mine wire ropes

Wire ropes,employed extensively in coal mine hoists and transportation systems are subject to damage due to wear,corrosion and fatigue.The extent of damage and the carrying capacity of ropes are closely related to the sense of safety by staff and equipments.Magnetic flux leakage detection method(MFL),as an effective method,is these days widely used in detection of broken strands of wire ropes.In order to improve the accuracy of detection of flaws in wire ropes by magnetic flux leakage(MFL),the effect of the distance between a sensor and the surface of a wire rope(i.e.,lift-off) on detection by magnetic flux leakage was in-vestigated.An analysis of the main principles for the choice of lift-off is described by us and a new method that improves the structure of the detector is proposed from the point of view of the design of a magnetic circuit,to restrain the impact of fluctuations of sensor lift-off.The effect of this kind of method is validated by simulation and computation.The results show that the detection sensitivity is markedly increased by this method.Furthermore,the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) can be increased by over 28%.This method will lend itself to offer reliable scientific information to optimize the structure of excitation devices and improve the accuracy of MFL detection.

Principles of X-Ray Non-Destructive Testing for Steel Wire Ropes in Conveyer Belt

The principles of X-ray Non-destructive testing (NDT) for steel wire ropes buried in conveyer belt is described in the paper. The mathematical model for calculating the effective cross section of wire ropes has been developed. The test data on steel wire rope samples of various types are presented,which have been compared with the National Standard. And this calculation model for the effective cross section is very important to the prediction system for transverse failure of conveyer belt.

Investigation into Failure in Mining Wire Ropes—Effect of Crystallinity

A range of blends of polypropylene-polyethylene are investigated for their mechanical performances. These speciality polymer blends are chemically designed to suit high modulus/high load bearing mining wire rope applications subjected to continued bending and tensile stresses and fluctuating loads and are exposed to extreme weather conditions. In this paper we study the influence of different parameters on the performance of the wire ropes: chemistry of polymer, crystallinity of the polymer matrix, and the morphology. The FTIR and SEM studies revealed that the high fraction of polypropylene in polypropylene-polyethylene matrix lead to early failure as a result of incompatibility and phase segregation and high spherulite sizes of the polymer matrix.

A Methodology for Identifying Defects in Wire Rope Based on Permanent Magnet Excitation

A wire rope defects detection method based on permanent magnet excitation is proposed.A detection system,mainly composed of permanent magnet excitation,distance detection,multi-sensor magnetic flux leakage signal acquisition and data analysis device,is set up.According to the different characteristics of the multi-sensor magnetic flux leakage signal,the localized fault(LF)and loss of metallic cross-sectional area(LMA)signal is separated,and then the two defects can be detected.The experiments show that the method can effectively detect the two defects when they appear simultaneously on the wire rope.

矿用钢丝绳捻向攀爬轮式巡检机器人设计

针对矿用钢丝绳无人巡检需求,设计研制了一种沿钢丝绳捻向攀爬的巡检机器人。该机器人所需的驱动力约为传统沿轴向攀爬机器人的0.915倍,携带负载3 kg时,其越障高度比轴向攀爬机器人的越障高度大0.6 mm,障碍物高度为3 mm时,它携带的最大负载比轴向攀爬机器人大0.4 kg。模拟深井环境开展了钢丝绳振动工况下的巡检机器人攀爬实验。研究结果表明:在钢丝绳静止状态下,攀爬机器人展现出稳定的攀爬性能,最大攀爬速度达到8.25 m/min,可连续攀爬500 m;在低频大幅振动工况下,机器人攀爬速度高于静止时的速度;在高频小幅振动工况下,钢丝绳振动会导致攀爬速度小幅度波动。

卫星运输T型钢丝绳隔振器刚度及阻尼研究

钢丝绳隔振器可以缓解卫星运输过程中振动产生的危害,但其缺少试验基础研究,无法提供仿真输入,难以准确实现卫星损伤仿真。针对此问题,对T型钢丝绳隔振器刚度及阻尼特性进行了理论分析和试验研究。首先,对钢丝绳隔振器系统的力学特性进行了理论分析,建立了理想的迟滞回环曲线;其次,建立了钢丝绳隔振器静刚度和动刚度力学测试系统;最后,通过准静态加载以构建静刚度条件下压缩、横滚、剪切状态力和位移的关系。在预承载力为5 kN、振幅为1 mm条件下,分别测试了激振频率5~8 Hz条件下的动刚度性能。结果表明:准静态加载条件下,钢丝绳隔振器的力和位移关系较为稳定;动刚度条件下,在5~8 Hz频率之间,动刚度变化较为稳定;等效阻尼随着激振频率的增加而增加。

基于整体与局部纹理特征加权融合的港机装备钢丝绳断丝缺陷检测研究

钢丝绳是港机装备的重要部件,由于作业工况环境恶劣,钢丝绳表面极易引起断丝等缺陷,影响港机装备作业安全。针对港机装备钢丝绳表面油泥严重、光照亮度不均,以及港机装备钢丝绳断丝缺陷能够在钢丝绳股顶钢丝椭圆形区域内有效体现的特点,提出了一种基于钢丝绳整体纹理特征与股顶钢丝椭圆形区域边缘轮廓纹理特征加权融合的钢丝绳断丝缺陷检测方法。首先采用图像降噪、增强、校正技术对钢丝绳原始图像进行预处理。然后采用图像平滑、阈值分割及边缘特征提取技术对股顶钢丝椭圆形区域边缘轮廓进行提取。接着采用局部二值模式(LBP)算子分别提取钢丝绳整体纹理特征与股顶钢丝椭圆形区域边缘轮廓纹理特征,并对钢丝绳整体纹理及边缘轮廓纹理特征进行特征加权融合。最后对加权融合后的特征向量进行主成分分析(PCA)法降维,并应用支持向量机(SVM)技术对钢丝绳断丝缺陷进行检测。研究结果表明:本文提出的方法对实际工况下重油泥、光照不均等钢丝绳断丝缺陷具有较好的检测效果,具有一定的工程应用价值。

球型钢丝绳隔振器非对称迟滞模型

针对球型钢丝绳隔振器的非线性刚度和阻尼特性导致迟滞模型表征困难的问题,提出了非线性弹性因子和修正因子改进的归一化Bouc-Wen迟滞模型,结合Simulink仿真完善改进的迟滞模型,采用最小二乘法和遗传算法相结合的方法对改进模型进行参数识别。通过数值仿真绘制GGQ25-62L型球型钢丝绳隔振器在不同工况的迟滞环,并和实验数据进行对比。结果表明,参数识别方法准确可靠,实验数据和理论计算曲线具有较强的一致性,该模型能够有效地描述隔振器的动态特性。

6×19S钢丝绳的断裂有限元模拟

应用微分几何方法建立了钢丝绳一阶和二阶空间螺旋线的方程表达式,构建了6×19S钢丝绳的几何参数模型。对参与捻制的各规格钢丝进行了力学拉伸测试,构建了钢丝绳的弹塑性本构模型,通过缺口拉伸试验结合有限元方法拟合了Johnson-Cook断裂准则的相关参数,获得了拟合参数值,利用ABAQUS模拟了钢丝绳承受轴向载荷后弹性-塑性-断裂的完整过程,探讨了钢丝绳过度加载时的断丝规律以及温升变化规律,结果表明,各股外层丝受到挤压和磨损,承受了更大的接触法向力,最先发生断裂,其次是主股外层细丝难以承受较大拉力开始大规模断裂,最终导致主股粗丝与芯股迅速发生断裂,钢丝绳的接触磨损与过载断裂会带来明显的温度变化,大部分区域的温升在15~30℃。

基于磁场模型的矿用钢丝绳检测信号特性试验研究

电磁检测是矿用钢丝绳缺陷可靠的检测手段之一。基于电磁法的矿用钢丝绳缺陷检测,目前存在缺陷与信号特性表征规律不明确的问题,定量识别时存在无关信号特性,影响识别准确性。采用三维磁偶极子理论计算、Maxwell模拟仿真与试验相互验证的方法,总结漏磁信号特性与缺陷变化之间的表征关系。首先建立磁场环境下的钢丝绳三维磁偶极子理论模型,应用模型对标准缺陷处进行磁场理论计算并进行Maxwell模拟仿真;分别提取理论值与仿真值的峰/谷绝对值、波宽、峰谷差值、峰谷值宽度四项信号特性,进行缺陷与信号的表征分析;最后设计缺陷进行试验验证,得到试验数值的斯皮尔曼相关系数。试验结果表明:缺陷的宽度、深度与峰/谷绝对值、波宽、峰谷差值3个信号特征值呈正相关,与峰谷值宽度无明显相关性;缺陷长度与峰/谷绝对值呈先上升后下降的趋势,与波宽、峰谷差值、峰谷值宽度呈正相关。并且发现宽度缺陷信号幅值最强,长度缺陷信号幅值最弱,深度信号幅值居中,峰谷差值和峰谷绝对值与缺陷相关性最高。该研究具有一定的工程指导价值。

基于SolidWorks的钢丝绳参数化建模系统

针对空间结构复杂的钢丝绳,设计和建模过程较繁琐的问题,对SolidWorks进行二次开发,实现钢丝绳快速参数化建模。该方法首先对特定型号钢丝绳参数方程和扫掠所需法平面圆进行计算,对计算结果进行编程化处理,基于Visual Studio编程平台,利用VB.net语言和对应API函数,实现钢丝绳快速参数化建模。以弯曲状6×7+IWS钢丝绳为例,对钢丝法平面圆的参数方程推导过程进行了详细介绍,一键绘制了弯曲状6×7+IWS钢丝绳模型,对所建模型进行有限元分析,验证所得此建模方法所建模型精确可靠,可提高钢丝绳建模效率,具有一定实用性。

新型双质量飞轮弹性元件动态特性建模研究

为解决现有双质量飞轮存在的刚度跃变、离心力影响扭振特性和阻尼特性无法满足多工况需求等问题,提出了一种采用钢丝绳环作为弹性元件的新型双质量飞轮;对飞轮的重要弹性元件钢丝绳环开展了试验研究,获得不同频率和振幅下绳环的动态迟滞特性试验曲线;建立了钢丝绳环的多项式迟滞模型并基于试验数据进行模型参数识别,获得钢丝绳环动态迟滞模型通用公式并通过试验验证模型有效性。结果表明:所建立的模型能够很好的描述钢丝绳环非线性迟滞特性,方便计算弹性元件的动刚度和阻尼特性,为厘清钢丝绳环非线性迟滞特性规律提供了新的分析方法,为进一步研究新型钢丝绳环双质量飞轮的扭振特性奠定了基础。

改进锚固的钢丝绳-聚合物砂浆交叉条带加固砌体墙拟静力试验研究

本文基于新的钢丝绳锚固方式和墙体构造措施,进行了5片砌体墙的抗震拟静力试验,其中4片采用钢丝绳-聚合物砂浆交叉条带法加固,1片未加固墙作为对照组。综合前期已有试验数据,推导钢丝绳-聚合物砂浆交叉条带法加固砌体墙的抗剪承载力公式。试验表明:改进锚固方式后的交叉条带法在构造上更为可靠,能有效提高砌体墙抗剪承载力,组合墙体承载力较未加固墙提高65%以上,较旧锚固法承载力平均可提高30%;交叉条带对墙体裂缝的出现和发展有一定限制作用,使得墙体的延性有所提高;受力时条带拉压杆体系与原有墙体之间的协同效应能有效提高承载力。最后根据8片墙拟合出的加固墙体抗剪承载力计算公式与试验数据吻合较好,可在相关研究分析中参考使用。

多绳摩擦提升系统钢丝绳张力时程研究

多绳摩擦提升机是连接矿下与地上的唯一枢纽,保证其安全性至关重要,但针对多绳摩擦钢丝绳张力的相关研究较少。以提升系统中的钢丝绳为研究对象,对已有文献中的钢丝绳张力公式进行改进;通过现场实测得到钢丝绳张力的试验值,对改进后的公式进行数值模拟并与试验值以及改进前的公式对比分析;最后当容器满载时对井架结构进行动力响应分析。结果表明:改进后钢丝绳张力公式计算的理论值和试验值的最大张力差为7.6376%,和改进前公式的最大张力差为0.0703%,吻合较好。提升系统运行瞬间加载点在水平X、竖直Y方向的振幅迅速增大至峰值后急剧下降,而后慢慢趋于平缓。

基于磁平衡的钢丝绳探伤数字传感器研究

针对钢丝绳在长期运行过程中会出现断丝、截面磨损、锈蚀等损伤而形成安全隐患的问题,指出应进行钢丝绳健康状态定期安全检测和评估。针对常用的强磁检测法的不完善之处,提出基于空间磁场平衡机制检测的新型钢丝绳损伤判别方法。首先研究采用PRO/E进行三维实体建模,进行了磁路设计;其次采用有限元分析,比较X轴、Y轴磁化方向的优劣,依据磁力线密度、中间直线磁场变化强度得出Y轴磁化方向优于X轴磁化方向;最后通过运用三维磁场数值分析软件,设计计算出合适的传感器聚磁环结构和感知单元。实验研究结果表明,基于空间磁场平衡机制的新型钢丝绳探伤传感器的检测效果较传统强磁探伤传感器的检测效果有明显改善。