PEDV、PoRVA和PDCoV TaqMan三重RT-qPCR检测方法的建立与初步应用

旨在建立一种可快速同时检测猪流行性腹泻病毒(porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, PEDV)、猪A群轮状病毒(porcine rotavirus type A, PoRVA)和猪丁型冠状病毒(porcine deltacoronavirus, PDCoV)三重荧光定量PCR方法。针对PEDV-N、PoRVA-VP6和PDCoV-M基因设计了引物和探针,条件优化后进行性能评估,并与商品化试剂盒检测对比。结果显示:本研究建立的三重RT-qPCR方法具有良好特异性,对PRRSV、PCV_2和PRV等阳性核酸不发生扩增;具有较高的敏感性,PEDV、PoRVA和PDCoV的最低检测限均达1 copies·μL^(-1);重复性良好,组内和组间变异系数均小于1%;样本适应性广,检测不同样本类型时,变异系数均小于1%。与商品化试剂盒对比,本研究建立的方法PEDV和PoRVA的检测符合率为92.5%和97.5%,并对PDCoV的检测范围更广,对其变异毒株仍有较好的检测效果。本研究建立的检测方法具有特异性好、敏感性高、稳定性强和样本适应性广等优势,为临床腹泻样本提供了一种好的检测方法。

Multi-dimensional multiplexing optical secret sharing framework with cascaded liquid crystal holograms

Secret sharing is a promising technology for information encryption by splitting the secret information into different shares.However,the traditional scheme suffers from information leakage in decryption process since the amount of available information channels is limited.Herein,we propose and demonstrate an optical secret sharing framework based on the multi-dimensional multiplexing liquid crystal(LC)holograms.The LC holograms are used as spatially separated shares to carry secret images.The polarization of the incident light and the distance between different shares are served as secret keys,which can significantly improve the information security and capacity.Besides,the decryption condition is also restricted by the applied external voltage due to the variant diffraction efficiency,which further increases the information security.In implementation,an artificial neural network(ANN)model is developed to carefully design the phase distribution of each LC hologram.With the advantage of high security,high capacity and simple configuration,our optical secret sharing framework has great potentials in optical encryption and dynamic holographic display.

含内参的登革和寨卡病毒三重RT-qPCR检测方法的建立与评估

目的 本研究旨在建立一种登革病毒以及寨卡病毒并含人类基因为内参的三重RT-qPCR检测方法,可以同时检测出内参、登革病毒以及寨卡病毒。方法 针对登革病毒4种血清型的保守区域和寨卡病毒的NS1基因以及人类各个组织中稳定表达的β-actin基因,设计3组特异性引物和探针。构建4种血清型的登革病毒、寨卡病毒以及β-actin标准质粒作为阳性质控品,采用L_(9)(3^(4))正交实验方法确定最佳反应条件,对其特异性、灵敏性及覆盖面进行验证与临床评估,并与检测登革病毒的商品化试剂盒进行了一致性评估。结果 本实验建立的三重RT-qPCR检测方法与12种相近虫媒病毒无非特异性交叉反应;对登革病毒与寨卡病毒的检测灵敏度分别为2.99和2.18 copies/μL组内和组间重复性变异系数均在1.5%以内;与商品化试剂盒相比较,该检测方法对13株登革流行病毒均可获阳性结果;经过Bland-Altman一致性分析,商品化试剂盒和该方法对临床阳性样本检测结果一致性达到92.59%。结论 本研究建立了一种特异性强、灵敏度高的含内参的登革病毒和寨卡病毒三重RT-qPCR检测方法,可作为登革病毒与寨卡病毒感染者的早期快速鉴别诊断的有效工具,也可用于病毒暴发地区的快速筛查。

Study on Distribution of Four Pseudomonas Species in Living Environment Using Multiplex PCR

Purpose: The genus Pseudomonas is a ubiquitous microorganism frequently detected from immunocompromised patients. The inherent resistance to numerous antimicrobial agents contributes to the opportunistic character of this pathogen exhaustive monitoring of this pathogen is considered of critical importance to public health organizations. The reliable identification method able to distinguish genetic close Pseudomonas species is needed, because these organisms are difficult to differentiate by phenotypic or biochemical methods. The purpose of the present study was to design species-specific primers in order to identify and detect four Pseudomonas species which are frequently detected from the human oral cavities, and to investigate the distribution of these organisms in the living environment using a multiplex PCR. Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed based on partial sequences of the rpoD gene of four Pseudomonas species. Swab samples were collected from fifty washstands, and the distribution of Pseudomonas species was investigated using a conventional PCR at genus level and a multiplex PCR at species level. Results: Multiplex PCR method developed in this study was able to distinguish four Pseudomonas species clearly. The genus Pseudomonas was detected from all samples (100%), whereas P. putida, P, aeruginosa, P. stutzeri and P. fluorescens were detected at 44%, 8%, 4% and 2% in fifty swab samples, respectively. Conclusion: Our developed one-step multiplex PCR method is accurate, specific, cost-effective, time-saving, and works without requiring DNA extraction. It was indicated that washstands were the uninhabitable environment for P. putida, P, aeruginosa, P. stutzeri and P. fluorescens.

Real-Time 4-Mode MDM Transmission Using Commercial 400G OTN Transceivers and All-Fiber Mode Multiplexers

Weakly-coupled mode division multiplexing(MDM)technique is considered a promising candidate to enhance the capacity of an optical transmission system,in which mode multiplexers/demultiplexers(MMUX/MDEMUX)with low insertion loss and modal crosstalk are the key components.In this paper,a low-modal-crosstalk 4-mode MMUX/MDEMUX for the weakly-coupled triple-ring-core few-mode fiber(TRC-FMF)is designed and fabricated with side-polishing processing.The measurement results show that a pair of MMUX/MDEMUX and 25 km weakly-coupled TRC-FMF MDM link achieve low modal crosstalk of lower than−17.5 dB and insertion loss of lower than 11.56 dB for all the four modes.Based on the TRC-FMF and all-fiber MMUX/MDEMUX,an experiment for 25 km real-time 4-mode 3-λwavelength division multiplexing(WDM)-MDM transmission is conducted using commercial 400G optical transport network(OTN)transceivers.The experimental results prove weakly-coupled MDM techniques facilitate a smooth upgrade of the optical transmission system.

A Study of Radiation-Induced Telomere Instability Using Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA)

The integrity of the chromosomes for two WIL2-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines (TK6 and WTK1) in the presence and absence of ionizing radiation was analyzed by Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA). The TK6 cell line has the native p53 tumor-suppressor gene, whereas WTK1 cells contain a p53 mutation. Each cell line was isolated pre- and post-irradiation (2 and 3 Gy) and analyzed by MLPA. The impact of irradiation on these two cell lines was investigated using probes that target specific regions on chromosomes associated with subtelomeric regions. Results indicate that WTK1 and TK6 are impacted differently after irradiation, and that each cell line presents its own unique MLPA profile. The most notable differences are the appearance of a number of probes in the post-irradiated MLPA profile that are not present in the controls, and two unique probe signals only seen in WTK1 cells. These results build on our previous studies that indicate how different human cell lines can be affected by radiation in significantly different ways depending on the presence or absence of wild type p53.

A simple and efficient CRISPR/Cas9 system permits ultra-multiplex genome editing in plants

The development and maturation of the CRISPR/Cas genome editing system provides a valuable tool for plant functional genomics and genetic improvement.Currently available genome-editing tools have a limited number of targets,restricting their application in genetic research.In this study,we developed a novel CRISPR/Cas9 plant ultra-multiplex genome editing system consisting of two template vectors,eight donor vectors,four destination vectors,and one primer-design software package.By combining the advantages of Golden Gate cloning to assemble multiple repetitive fragments and Gateway recombination to assemble large fragments and by changing the structure of the amplicons used to assemble sg RNA expression cassettes,the plant ultra-multiplex genome editing system can assemble a single binary vector targeting more than 40 genomic loci.A rice knockout vector containing 49 sg RNA expression cassettes was assembled and a high co-editing efficiency was observed.This plant ultra-multiplex genome editing system advances synthetic biology and plant genetic engineering.

Frequency-modulated continuous-wave multiplexed gas sensingbased on optical frequency comb calibration

Laser absorption spectroscopy has proven to be an effective approach for gas sensing, which plays an important rolein the fields of military, industry, medicine and basic research. This paper presents a multiplexed gas sensing system basedon optical frequency comb (OFC) calibrated frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) tuning nonlinearity. Thesystem can be used for multi-parameter synchronous measurement of gas absorption spectrum and multiplexed opticalpath. Multi-channel parallel detection is realized by combining wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and frequencydivision multiplexing (FDM) techniques. By introducing nonlinear optical crystals, broadband spectrum detection is simultaneouslyachieved over a bandwidth of hundreds of nanometers. An OFC with ultra-high frequency stability is used asthe frequency calibration source, which guarantees the measurement accuracy. The test samples involve H13C14N, C_(2)H_(2)and Rb vapor cells of varying densities and 5 parallel measurement experiments are designed. The results show that themeasurement accuracies of spectral absorption line and the optical path are 150 MHz and 20 m, respectively. The schemeoffers the advantages of multiplexed, multi-parameter, wide spectrum and high resolution detection, which can realize theidentification of multi-gas components and the high-precision inversion of absorption lines under different environments.The proposed sensor demonstrates great potential in the field of high-resolution absorption spectrum measurement for gassensing applications.

Establishment and performance analysis of a new multiplex detection method for influenza an and B virus antigen

BACKGROUND Influenza A and B virus detection is pivotal in epidemiological surveillance and disease management.Rapid and accurate diagnostic techniques are crucial for timely clinical intervention and outbreak prevention.Quantum dot-encoded microspheres have been widely used in immunodetection.The integration of quantum dot-encoded microspheres with flow cytometry is a well-established technique that enables rapid analysis.Thus,establishing a multiplex detection method for influenza A and B virus antigens based on flow cytometry quantum dot microspheres will help in disease diagnosis.AIM To establish a codetection method of influenza A and B virus antigens based on flow cytometry quantum dot-encoded microsphere technology,which forms the foundation for the assays of multiple respiratory virus biomarkers.METHODS Different quantum dot-encoded microspheres were used to couple the monoclonal antibodies against influenza A and B.The known influenza A and B antigens were detected both separately and simultaneously on a flow cytometer,and the detection conditions were optimized to establish the influenza A and B antigen codetection method,which was utilized for their detection in clinical samples.The results were compared with the fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR)method to validate the clinical performance of this method.RESULTS The limits of detection of this method were 26.1 and 10.7 pg/mL for influenza A and B antigens,respectively,which both ranged from 15.6 to 250000 pg/mL.In the clinical sample evaluation,the proposed method well correlated with the fluorescent quantitative PCR method,with positive,negative,and overall compliance rates of 57.4%,100%,and 71.6%,respectively.CONCLUSION A multiplex assay for quantitative detection of influenza A and B virus antigens has been established,which is characterized by high sensitivity,good specificity,and a wide detection range and is promising for clinical applications.

Multiplex Rapid Test with Acceptable Diagnosis Performance as a Solution to Increase Diagnosis of Hepatitis B and C Viruses in Pregnant Women in an Area of High Prevalence of Both Hepatitis Viruses Associated with HIV

Background and Objective: HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are very widespread in the world, however, less than 20% of the people affected are diagnosed and treated. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HIV, HCV and HBV co-infections in pregnant women at Bangui Community University Hospital and the cost of screening. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving consenting pregnant women who came for antenatal care was performed. HIV, HCV antibodies and HBV antigens were detected using Exacto Triplex? HIV/HCV/HBsAg rapid test, cross-validated by ELISA tests. Sociodemographic and professional data, the modes of transmission and prevention of HIV and both hepatitis viruses were collected in a standard sheet and analyzed using the Epi-Info software version 7. Results: Pregnant women aged 15 to 24 were the most affected (45.3%);high school girls (46.0%), and pregnant women living in cohabitation (65.3%) were the most represented. Twenty-five (16.7%) worked in the formal sector, 12.7% were unemployed housewives and the remainder in the informal sector. The prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV viruses was 11.8%, 21.9% and 22.2%, respectively. The prevalence of co-infections was 8.6% for HIV-HBV, 10.2% for HIV-HCV, 14.7% for HBV-HCV and 6.5% for HIV-HBV-HCV. All positive results and 10% of negative results by the rapid test were confirmed by ELISA tests. The serology of the three viruses costs 39,000 FCFA (60 Euros) by ELISA compared to 10,000 FCFA (15.00 Euros) with Exacto Triplex? HIV/HCV/AgHBs (BioSynex, Strasbourg, France). Conclusion: The low level of education and awareness of hepatitis are barriers to development and indicate the importance of improving the literacy rate of women in the Central African Republic (CAR). Likewise, the high prevalence of the three viruses shows the need for the urgent establishment of a national program to combat viral hepatitis in the CAR.

Semi-implantable device based on multiplexed microfilament electrode cluster for continuous monitoring of physiological ions

Modern medicine is increasingly interested in advanced sensors to detect and analyze biochemical indicators.Ion sensors based on potentiometric methods are a promising platform for monitoring physiological ions in biological subjects.Current semi-implantable devices are mainly based on single-parameter detection.Miniaturized semi-implantable electrodes for multiparameter sensing have more restrictions on the electrode size due to biocompatibility considerations,but reducing the electrode surface area could potentially limit electrode sensitivity.This study developed a semi-implantable device system comprising a multiplexed microfilament electrode cluster(MMEC)and a printed circuit board for real-time monitoring of intra-tissue K^(+),Ca^(2+),and Na^(+)concentrations.The electrode surface area was less important for the potentiometric sensing mechanism,suggesting the feasibility of using a tiny fiber-like electrode for potentiometric sensing.The MMEC device exhibited a broad linear response(K^(+):2–32 mmol/L;Ca^(2+):0.5–4 mmol/L;Na^(+):10–160 mmol/L),high sensitivity(about 20–45 mV/decade),temporal stability(>2weeks),and good selectivity(>80%)for the above ions.In vitro detection and in vivo subcutaneous and brain experiment results showed that the MMEC system exhibits good multi-ion monitoring performance in several complex environments.This work provides a platform for the continuous real-time monitoring of ion fluctuations in different situations and has implications for developing smart sensors to monitor human health.

Development of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of hepatitis C virus,hepatitis B virus,and human immunodeficiency virus 1

BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus(HCV),hepatitis B virus(HBV),and human immunodeficiency virus 1(HIV-1)are the most epidemic blood-borne viruses,posing threats to human health and causing economic losses to nations for combating the infection transmission.The diagnostic methodologies that depend on the detection of viral nucleic acids are much more expensive,but they are more accurate than sero-logical testing.AIM To develop a rapid,cost-effective,and accurate diagnostic multiplex polymerase chain reaction(PCR)assay for simultaneous detection of HCV,HBV,and HIV-1.METHODS The design of the proposed PCR assay targets the amplification of a short conserved region featured with a distinguishable melting profile and electro-phoretic molecular weight inside each viral genome.Therefore,this diagnostic method will be appropriate for application in both conventional(combined with electrophoresis)and real-time PCR facilities.Confirmatory in silico investigations were conducted to prove the capability of the approached PCR assay to detect variants of each virus.Then,Egyptian isolates of each virus were subjected to the wet lab examination using the given diagnostic assay.RESULTS The in silico investigations confirmed that the PCR primers can match many viral variants in a multiplex PCR assay.The wet lab experiment proved the efficiency of the assay in distinguishing each viral type through high-resolution melting analysis.Compared to related published assays,the proposed assay in the current study is more sensitive and competitive with many expensive PCR assays.CONCLUSION This study provides a simple,cost-effective,and sensitive diagnostic PCR assay facilitating the detection of the most epidemic blood-borne viruses;this makes the proposed assay promising to be substitutive for the mistakable and cheap serological-based assays.

伪狂犬病病毒RT-qPCR检测方法的建立与应用

为建立伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)高灵敏度、超快速双重实时荧光定量PCR检测方法,根据PRV经典毒株gD和gE基因的相对保守序列设计了多组引物探针,经试验筛选出2组最优特异性引物探针,通过正交试验对反应体系中引物和探针的浓度进行优化,通过特异性、灵敏度和重复性试验评测所建立检测方法的性能.结果表明,建立的检测方法具有多重优点:高灵敏度,gD和gE基因最低检测灵敏度分别为1.06 copies/μL和1.68 copies/μL;超快速,检测时间可缩短至1 h内;特异性好,阴性对照组中常见猪患病毒均无交叉反应,PRV野毒株出现了双gD和gE基因扩增曲线,缺失gE基因的疫苗株仅出现gD基因扩增曲线;重复性强,3次重复性批内与批间试验的变异系数均低于3%.综上所述,本研究建立的双重RT-qPCR检测方法可用于PRV野毒株和疫苗株感染的快速诊断鉴别,为猪伪狂犬病(PR)的诊断及流行病学监测提供了一种快速准确的检测方法.

猪传染性胃肠炎的RT-qPCR检测方法及防治措施

猪传染性胃肠炎是一种在仔猪中流行率较高的病毒性接触传染病,发病后常导致大量哺乳仔猪死亡,给养猪场(户)带来严重的经济损失。由于该病传播速度快,如不采取有效防范措施,势必对整个养殖业造成严重危害。因此,需要明确猪传染性胃肠炎的流行病学特征,做到科学、有效地识别和诊断,结合临床症状制定针对性治疗方案,确保在短时间内缓解症状,提高治愈率。本研究探讨了猪传染性胃肠炎的RT-qPCR检测与防治措施,希望对广大养猪场(户)有所帮助。

基于转录组测序和RT-qPCR技术的烟草糖酯合成基因挖掘

为挖掘调控烟草糖酯合成的功能基因,采用转录组测序对烟草腺毛细胞和叶细胞的差异表达基因及其功能进行分析,并利用RT-qPCR对分析结果进行验证。结果表明:共获得11962个腺毛细胞和叶细胞的差异表达基因,其中5145个上调表达基因,6817个下调表达基因;上调表达基因主要包括生物学进程(2265个)、分子功能(1169个)、细胞成分(363个)3大类,可将基因序列定位到122条代谢通路中,其中与糖酯合成相关的糖酵解/糖异生、淀粉和蔗糖代谢、苯丙烷类生物合成被高度富集,腺毛细胞中酰基糖通路显著上调,有12个基因在功能上与酰基转移酶有关;在腺毛细胞中,分析得到的12个基因中有11个基因的表达量都高于叶细胞,其中gene63826、gene16194和gene37511表达分别上调195.79倍、166.23倍和132.65倍。上述11个基因可能参与调控腺毛细胞合成糖酯,为下一步验证基因功能提供依据。

Flat multifunctional liquid crystal elements through multi-dimensional information multiplexing

Flat optical elements have attracted enormous attentions and act as promising candidates for the next generation of optical components.As one of the most outstanding representatives,liquid crystal(LC)has been widely applied in flat panel display industries and inspires the wavefront modulation with the development of LC alignment techniques.However,most LC elements perform only one type of optical manipulation and are difficult to realize the multifunctionality and light integration.Here,flat multifunctional liquid crystal elements(FMLCEs),merely composed of anisotropic LC molecules with space-variant orientations,are presented for multichannel information manipulation by means of polarization,space and wavelength multiplexing.Specifically,benefiting from the unique light response with the change of the incident polarization,observation plane,and working wavelength,a series of FMLCEs are demonstrated to achieve distinct near-and far-field display functions.The proposed strategy takes full advantage of basic optical parameters as the decrypted keys to improve the information capacity and security,and we expect it to find potential applications in information encryption,optical anti-counterfeiting,virtual/augmented reality,etc.

Time-sequential color code division multiplexing holographic display with metasurface

Color metasurface holograms are powerful and versatile platforms for modulating the amplitude,phase,polarization,and other properties of light at multiple operating wavelengths.However,the current color metasurface holography can only realize static manipulation.In this study,we propose and demonstrate a multiplexing metasurface technique combined with multiwavelength code-division multiplexing(CDM)to realize dynamic manipulation.Multicolor code references are utilized to record information within a single metasurface and increase the information capacity and security for anticracks.A total of 48 monochrome images consisting of pure color characters and multilevel color video frames were reconstructed in dual polarization channels of the birefringent metasurface to exhibit high information density,and a video was displayed via sequential illumination of the corresponding code patterns to verify the ability of dynamic manipulation.Our approach demonstrates significant application potential in optical data storage,optical encryption,multiwavelengthversatile diffractive optical elements,and stimulated emission depletion microscopy.

用RT-qPCR方法评价4个不同猪品种骨骼肌候选内参基因

【目的】寻找合适的规范化策略研究猪骨骼肌相关基因。【方法】筛选TATA结合蛋白(TBP)、次黄嘌呤磷酸核糖基转移酶(HPRT)、核糖体蛋白L4(RPL4)、肽基脯氨酸异构酶A(PPIA)、β-2微球蛋白(B2M)、酪氨酸3-单加氧酶/色氨酸5-单加氧酶活化蛋白(YWHAZ)、β-肌动蛋白(ACTB)和甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GAPDH)8个候选内参基因,选取国外引进的长白、约克与杜洛克公猪,进行三元杂交生产的商品猪(DLY),长白、约克猪进行二元杂交的商品猪(LY),成华猪和藏猪共4个品种进行基因表达正常化评价。采用geNorm、NormFinder和BestKeeper3种常用算法评估候选内参基因的稳定性。将3种常用算法的结果进行综合排名。【结果】8个候选内参基因在不同猪种中表现出较高的表达稳定性,但表达循环阈值不同。【结论】运用3种不同的评估算法可以筛选出相似的候选内参基因,该结果可为猪骨骼肌基因表达RT-qPCR分析内参基因的选择提供参考。

Planar peristrophic multiplexing metasurfaces

As a promising counterpart of two-dimensional metamaterials,metasurfaces enable to arbitrarily control the wavefront of light at subwavelength scale and hold promise for planar holography and applicable multiplexing devices.Nevertheless,the degrees of freedom(DoF)to orthogonally multiplex data have been almost exhausted.Compared with state-of-theart methods that extensively employ the orthogonal basis such as wavelength,polarization or orbital angular momentum,we propose an unprecedented method of peristrophic multiplexing by combining the spatial frequency orthogonality with the subwavelength detour phase principle.The orthogonal relationship between the spatial frequency of incident light and the locally shifted building blocks of metasurfaces can be regarded as an additional DoF.We experimentally demonstrate the viability of the multiplexed holograms.Moreover,this newly-explored orthogonality is compatible with conventional DoFs.Our findings will contribute to the development of multiplexing metasurfaces and provide a novel solution to nanophotonics,such as large-capacity chip-scale devices and highly integrated communication.

Performance of phase-matching quantum key distribution based on wavelength division multiplexing technology

Quantum key distribution(QKD) generates information-theoretical secure keys between two parties based on the physical laws of quantum mechanics. The phase-matching(PM) QKD protocol allows the key rate to break the quantum channel secret key capacity limit without quantum repeaters, and the security of the protocol is demonstrated by using equivalent entanglement. In this paper, the wavelength division multiplexing(WDM) technique is applied to the PM-QKD protocol considering the effect of crosstalk noise on the secret key rate. The performance of PM-QKD protocol based on WDM with the influence of adjacent classical channels and Raman scattering is analyzed by numerical simulations to maximize the total secret key rate of the QKD, providing a reference for future implementations of QKD based on WDM techniques.