Infection in Multiple Myeloma: Microbiological Profile and Prognosis in Senegalese Patients

Introduction: Infections are additional factors of morbidity and mortality in multiple myeloma (MM), and the current recommendation is antibiotic prophylaxis. In sub-Saharan Africa, few data on infectious complications of MM are available. We aim to describe the microbiological features of infections in MM, and their impact on survival in Senegalese patients. Methods: A retrospective (January 2005-January 2022), analytic, multicenter study on infections in patients followed for MM (IMWG criteria) in Senegalese clinical hematology services. The socio-epidemiological, diagnostic, microbiological, evolutionary and survival aspects were analyzed. Results: The study included 106 patients with multiple myeloma who had an infection at admission or during the treatment. Ten patients have the comorbidity (hypertension, lupus, type 2 diabetes). These patients had 136 infectious events identified at diagnosis (79.2%) or during chemotherapy (20.8%). The sites of infection are lung (42.6%), urinary (29.4%), dermatological (6.6%), digestive (5.2%), osteoarticular (4.4%), ear, nose and throat (3.7%), central nervous system (1.5%), or without site. We recorded 26.4% of patients with multi-site infections. The causal pathogens are bacteria (Gram-negative bacilli: 22.1%;Gram positive bacilli: 9.5%, Mycobacterium tuberculosis: 13.3%), parasitique (plasmodium falciparum 6.6%), viruses (SARS-COV2: 2.9%, VZV: 2.2%) and fungal (2.9%). Survival was reduced in patients who had an infection at the time of multiple myeloma diagnosis (p: 0.189) and those who had multiple infectious foci (p: 0.011). Conclusion: Infections in multiple myeloma are more frequent at diagnosis. The germs are varied and mostly bacteria, particularly gram-negative bacteria, and Kochs bacillus. Our study reveals that multiple infectious foci are a poor prognosis factor. It is necessary to evaluate the infectious risk early, and to adopt an antibiotic prophylaxis based on our tropical environment.

Prevalence, Pattern and Risk Factors of Soil Transmitted Helminth Infections amongst Children in a Tertiary Institution in South East, Nigeria

Introduction: Soil-transmitted helminthic infection (STHI) is a common public health challenge of children in the most deprived communities in low income countries. In the long-term, STHI can cause developmental and growth disorders leading to future learning defect. Objective: Our aim was to determine the prevalence and pattern of soil-transmitted helminthic infection among children attending a tertiary hospital in Imo State, Nigeria. Patients and Method: The study involved a cross-sectional survey of 268 children, aged 7 months to 18 years seen in a tertiary health facility in Nigeria;from August to December 2022. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and stool samples were analyzed for intestinal helminths using the Kato-Katz method. Results: The prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthic infection (STHI) was 38.4%. Of all STHIs, Ascaris lumbricoides was the commonest geohelminth observed, 81 (62.1%). Multiple infections were noted in 25 (62.4%) of the specimen. The prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthic infection amongst subjects’ 5 - 9 years was high and least in children older than 15 years. This difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.3407). Statistically significant relationship was detected between STHI and low socioeconomic class. Conclusion: The high prevalence rate of soil-transmitted helminthic infection amongst the subjects is disturbing. This high rate justifies strengthening a structured and routine deworming amongst children in order to improve outcome.

Necrotizing fasciitis of cryptoglandular infection treated with multiple incisions and thread-dragging therapy:A case report

BACKGROUND Necrotizing fasciitis is a fulminant necrotizing soft tissue disease with a high fatality rate.It always starts with impact on the deep fascia rapidly and might result in secondary necrosis of the subcutaneous tissue,fascia,and muscle.Thus,timely and multiple surgical operations are needed for the treatment.Meanwhile,the damage of skin and soft tissue caused by multiple surgical operations may require dermatoplasty and other treatments as a consequence.CASE SUMMARY Here,we report a case of 50-year-old male patient who was admitted to our hospital with symptoms of necrotizing fasciitis caused by cryptoglandular infection in the perianal and perineal region.The symptoms of necrotizing fasciitis,also known as the cardinal features,include hyperpyrexia,excruciatingly painful lesions,demonstration gas in the tissue,an obnoxious foul odor and uroschesis.The results of postoperative pathology met the diagnosis.Based on the premise of complete debridement,multiple incisions combined with thread-dragging therapy(a traditional Chinese medicine therapy)and intensive supportive therapies including comprising antibiotics,nutrition and fluids were given.The outcome of the treatment was satisfactory.The patient recovered quickly and achieved ideal anal function and morphology.CONCLUSION Timely and effective debridement and multiple incisions combined with thread-dragging therapy are an integrated treatment for necrotizing fasciitis.

Establishment of a Multiplex Detection Method for Common Bacteria in Blood Based on Human Mannan-Binding Lectin Protein-Conjugated Magnetic Bead Enrichment Combined with Recombinase-Aided PCR Technology

Objective Recombinase-aided polymerase chain reaction(RAP)is a sensitive,single-tube,two-stage nucleic acid amplification method.This study aimed to develop an assay that can be used for the early diagnosis of three types of bacteremia caused by Staphylococcus aureus(SA),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA),and Acinetobacter baumannii(AB)in the bloodstream based on recombinant human mannanbinding lectin protein(M1 protein)-conjugated magnetic bead(M1 bead)enrichment of pathogens combined with RAP.Methods Recombinant plasmids were used to evaluate the assay sensitivity.Common blood influenza bacteria were used for the specific detection.Simulated and clinical plasma samples were enriched with M1 beads and then subjected to multiple recombinase-aided PCR(M-RAP)and quantitative PCR(qPCR)assays.Kappa analysis was used to evaluate the consistency between the two assays.Results The M-RAP method had sensitivity rates of 1,10,and 1 copies/μL for the detection of SA,PA,and AB plasmids,respectively,without cross-reaction to other bacterial species.The M-RAP assay obtained results for<10 CFU/mL pathogens in the blood within 4 h,with higher sensitivity than qPCR.M-RAP and qPCR for SA,PA,and AB yielded Kappa values of 0.839,0.815,and 0.856,respectively(P<0.05).Conclusion An M-RAP assay for SA,PA,and AB in blood samples utilizing M1 bead enrichment has been developed and can be potentially used for the early detection of bacteremia.

Clinical analysis of central venous catheter-related infections in patients in the emergency ICU

BACKGROUND:Catheter-related infection(CRI)of the central vein is a common cause of nosocomial infection.This study was undertaken to investigate the pathogen culturing and risk factors of CRI in emergency intensive care unit(EICU)in order to provide the beneficial reference.METHODS:From January 2008 to December 2010,a total of 1 363 patients were subjected to catheterization.In these patients,the peak CRI rate of the patients was determined by bacterial cultivation and blood bacterial cultivation.RESULTS:CRI happened in 147 of the 1 363 patients using the central venous catheter.The peak rate of CRI was 10.79%,with an incidence of 3.05 episodes per 1 000 catheter days.Of the147 patients,46.94%had gram-negative bacilli,40.14%had gram-positive cocci,and 12.92%had fungi.Unconditional logistic regression analysis suggests that multiple catheterization,femoral vein catheterization,the application of multicavity catheter,and the duration of catheterization were the independent risk factors for CRI.CONCLUSION:The risk factors for catheter-related infections should be controlled to prevent the occurrence of nosocomial infection.

Fatal visceral disseminated varicella-zoster virus infection in a renal transplant recipient:A case report

BACKGROUND Visceral disseminated varicella-zoster virus(VZV)infection is a rare but lifethreatening disease.In transplant recipients with VZV infection,visceral dissemination may develop without skin eruptions,which leads to the failure of early diagnosis.CASE SUMMARY The patient was a 33-year-old male renal recipient who was referred to our hospital with severe upper abdominal pain of 3-d duration.On admission,the patient rapidly developed septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome with liver dysfunction and acute kidney injury.Next-generation sequencing of peripheral blood yielded 39224 sequence reads of VZV,and real-time polymerase chain reaction for VZV was positive,with 1.2×10^(7) copies/mL.The final diagnosis was visceral disseminated VZV infection.Acyclovir and supportive therapy were started,but the patient died of severe visceral organ damage 16 h after admission.CONCLUSION Visceral disseminated VZV infection is possible in renal transplant recipients presenting abdominal pain and rapidly-evolving organ damage without skin involvement.

Heterochronic triple primary malignancies with Epstein-Barr virus infection and tumor protein 53 gene mutation:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND The diagnosis and etiology of multiple primary malignant neoplasms(MPMNs)are difficult to establish.Here,we report a case of heterochronic triple primary malignancies with gastric cancer,nasopharyngeal squamous cell cancer,and then rectal cancer.CASE SUMMARY The patient was first diagnosed with gastric cancer at the age of 33 in 2014 and underwent distal gastrectomy and gastrojejunostomy and six cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy.Three years later,he was diagnosed with nasopharyngeal cancer and treated with radical chemoradiotherapy in 2017.Recently,a mass in the middle of the rectum was resected and reported as ulcerative,moderately to poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.Research on the etiology of MPMNs showed that Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)infection may be the cause of gastric cancer and nasopharyngeal squamous cell cancer since these two primary lesions were positive for transcripts of EBV-encoded ribonucleic acid using an in situ hybridization EBV-encoded ribonucleic acid probe in formalin-fixed,paraffinembedded tissue.The cause of rectal cancer may be due to a somatic mutation of tumor protein 53 gene in exon 8(c.844C>T,p.Arg282Trp)through highthroughput sequencing for the rectal cancer.Appropriate standard therapy for each primary cancer was administered,and the patient has no evidence of cancer disease to date.CONCLUSION To our knowledge,this is the first report on heterochronic triple primary malignancies whose cause may be associated with EBV infection and tumor protein 53 genetic mutations.The etiological research may not only elucidate the cause of MPMN but also has implications in clinical management.

Importance of Bacteriophage in Combating Hospital-Acquired Infection (HAI)

Bacteriophages have a potentially important role to play in reducing the global incidence of Hospital Acquired Infection (HAI). Their use should be focused on reducing the use and over-use of antibiotics as part of integrated control measures in conjunction with various vaccination, sanitation procedures and prophylactic and treatment regimens. Bacteriophages offer exquisite specificity and efficacy in killing target bacterial strains, a phenomenon known for almost 100 years. However, their efficacy with respect to broad-spectrum antibiotics is poor due to the highly strain-selective nature of their killing and their rapid elimination from the body. Bacteriophage killing is a naturally-occurring process capable of limiting and eliminating bacterial populations in humans. This is achieved through exponential amplification of their number, if and when, they encounter a target bacterium. Unfortunately, processes employed for their commercial production today do not meet the same rigour as dictated for pharmaceutical products. Batch-to-batch reproducibility and molecular definition of target and phage strains must be demanded before their clinical use can become widespread. Elsewhere, historical data have demonstrated safety in humans beyond any doubt. Because patients continue to die in our healthcare centers internationally, the use of bacteriophage to help fight HAI should be reassessed. Here, relevant literature is reviewed.

重症监护病房多重耐药菌感染分布情况及影响因素分析

目的分析重症监护病房(ICU)患者多重耐药菌(MDRO)感染的分布情况及其危险因素,并提出相关的预防和控制措施。方法本研究以2021年7月至2022年12月汕头市某三级甲等医院ICU收治的1407例患者为对象,回顾性收集其住院期间是否发生MDRO感染,分析MDRO感染发生率和分布情况,并分为MDRO感染组和非MDRO感染组进行比较,采用多因素logistic回归筛选MDRO感染的相关危险因素。结果ICU共有1407例住院患者均接受细菌培养及耐药菌株检测,其中男性患者为880例,女性患者为527例;MDRO感染发生率为18.69%(263/1407)。ICU中MDRO感染菌株主要涉及大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和肺炎克雷伯菌等。多因素分析结果显示,合并心血管病(OR=1.453,95%CI 1.006~2.079)、广谱抗生素使用时长≥1周(OR=1.900,95%CI 1.377~2.620)、使用≥2联抗生素(OR=1.913,95%CI 1.378~2.655)、留置血管内导管(OR=2.456,95%CI 1.416~3.241)与MDRO感染风险增高有关(P<0.05)。结论ICU患者中MDRO的感染发生率相对其他普通病区仍处于较高水平,应针对MDRO感染的特点和相关的高危因素及时采取预防和控制措施,有效降低MDRO的感染发生率。

多发性骨髓瘤化疗患者医院感染的危险因素研究

目的分析多发性骨髓瘤患者发生医院感染的影响因素,为护理干预提供参考。方法将168例多发性骨髓瘤患者按治疗期间是否发生医院感染分为感染组(n=80)和未感染组(n=88)。分析多发性骨髓瘤患者医院感染发生情况和危险因素。结果168例多发性骨髓瘤患者在院期间接受化疗188例次,其中医院感染患者80例,发生感染96例次,主要为呼吸道感染及消化系统感染。年龄、糖尿病、国际分期体系分期、Durie-Salmon分期、住院时间是多发性骨髓瘤化疗患者发生医院感染的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论多发性骨髓瘤患者发生医院感染率较高,影响因素较多,医护人员可针对影响因素进行干预,降低医院感染发生率,改善预后。

多黏菌素B治疗危重症儿童多重耐药革兰阴性菌感染的疗效观察

目的:评估多黏菌素B治疗危重症儿童多重耐药革兰阴性菌感染的疗效,并探讨其影响多黏菌素B疗效的可能因素。方法:选取某院重症监护室2020年2月~2022年6月诊治的26例危重症多重耐药革兰阴性菌感染患儿,根据患者的疗效分为临床有效组(n=14)和临床无效组(n=12)。比较两组患者的性别、年龄、小儿危重病例评分、合并疾病、病原菌、治疗时间、机械通气情况以及与其他抗菌药物联用情况。对其中有意义的变量进行多因素Logistic回归分析,探讨影响多黏菌素B疗效的可能因素。结果:临床有效组与无效组的性别、年龄、小儿危重病例评分、合并疾病、病原菌以及与其他抗菌药物联用情况比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。临床有效组的多黏菌素B使用时间较无效组更长(P=0.000),临床无效组有更多的患儿应用机械通气(P=0.034)。Logistic回归分析果结提示治疗时间(OR:2.606,95%CI:1.346~5.046,P=0.004)是影响多黏菌素B治疗危重症儿童多重耐药革兰阴性菌感染临床疗效的可能因素。结论:多黏菌素B治疗危重症儿童多重耐药革兰阴性菌感染具有较好的治疗效果,治疗时间是影响多黏菌素临床疗效的可能因素。

急诊重症监护室血流感染患者临床结局的风险因子探讨

目的探讨急诊重症监护室(emergency intensive care unit,EICU)血流感染患者临床结局的风险因子,为临床决策提供依据。方法回顾性收集2019年1月至2023年4月我院就诊的141例EICU血流感染患者的病历资料及血培养记录,采用Logistic回归分析患者死亡的危险因素,运用Cox回归分析上述因素与患者生存时间和临床结局的关系。结果在141例EICU血流感染患者中,两种及以上细菌混合血流感染[比值比(OR)=5.68,95%置信区间(CI):1.20~26.98,P<0.05]及多重耐药菌血流感染(OR=6.39,95%CI:2.78~14.67,P<0.01)与患者死亡具有显著相关性;是否根据药敏结果及时调整用药[风险比(HR)=0.47,95%CI:0.30~0.74]和多重耐药菌血流感染(HR=2.02,95%CI:1.28~3.20)是EICU血流感染患者死亡的风险因子(P<0.01)。结论尽早采集血培养,明确感染病原菌,精准用药控制感染,可以有效降低患者的死亡率。

院内感染肺炎克雷伯菌的影响因素及其耐药情况调查

【目的】探讨院内感染肺炎克雷伯菌的影响因素及耐药情况。【方法】选取2018年3月至2023年1月本院收治的87例院内感染患者作为研究对象,其中28例院内感染肺炎克雷伯菌患者纳入观察组,59例院内感染鲍曼不动杆菌的患者纳入对照组。比较两组一般资料;分析菌株来源、耐药性及毒力基因;分析院内感染肺炎克雷伯菌的影响因素及耐药情况。【结果】观察组中有21例(75.00%)为混合感染阳性,其中A型(肺炎链球菌)5例(23.81%)、B型(葡萄球菌)4例(19.05%)、C型(流感嗜血杆菌)2例(9.52%)、A型+B型4例(19.05%)、A型+C型2例(9.52%)、B型+C型3例(14.29%)、A型+B型+C型1例(4.76%)。对照组中有26例(44.07%)为混合感染阳性,其中A型6例(23.08%)、B型5例(19.23%)、C型4例(15.38%)、A型+B型3例(8.69%)、A型+C型3例(11.54%)、B型+C型4例(15.38%)、A型+B型+C型1例(3.85%)。两组年龄、性别、住院时间、白蛋白、科室分布、白细胞(WBC)计数及留置导管、侵入性操作、与感染患者住通病区≥1周、终末消毒残缺占比比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组长期使用广谱抗菌药物、合并其他细菌感染≥2种及前期肺炎克雷伯菌定植占比高于对照组(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果:长期使用广谱抗菌药物、合并其他细菌感染≥2种、前期肺炎克雷伯菌定植是患者院内感染肺炎克雷伯菌的危险因素(P<0.05)。28株菌株主要来源于痰液、血液;肺炎克雷伯菌对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢曲松耐药性最高(100%),肺炎克雷伯菌对替加环素(3.57%)、四环素(7.14%)耐药性最低;28株菌株中高黏液性菌株6株(21.43%)、非高黏液性菌株22株(78.57%),高黏液性菌株拉丝实验阳性率高于非黏液性菌株(P<0.05);高黏液性菌株iroN、rmpA及ybtS毒力基因阳性率高于非黏液性菌株(P<0.05)。【结论】长期使用广谱抗菌药物、合并其他细菌感染≥2种、前期肺炎克雷伯菌定植是患者院内感染肺炎克雷伯菌的危险因素,肺炎克雷伯菌对常见抗菌药物耐药性较为严重。

侵袭性自然杀伤细胞白血病伴噬血细胞综合征1例

患儿,男,14岁,因反复咳嗽、咳痰1月余,加重伴发热2 d入院。入院后呼吸急促,经皮血氧饱和度明显减低,急诊胸部CT平扫示双肺大片状渗出、实变影,立即行气管插管、有创呼吸机辅助通气,积极对症治疗后,病情好转。入院第10天患儿再次发热,辅助检查示EB病毒阳性及支原体抗体IgM阳性、全血细胞减少、甘油三酯升高、纤维蛋白原降低、铁蛋白和可溶性CD25水平明显升高,确诊为噬血细胞综合征。完善骨髓穿刺可见不典型淋巴细胞,依据患儿的临床表现及流式细胞术免疫表型高度考虑侵袭性自然杀伤细胞白血病。因此,当患儿出现严重感染合并全血细胞减少,病情进展快时,应警惕噬血细胞综合征,同时需排查血液系统恶性肿瘤,及早行骨髓穿刺检查,尽早明确诊断,及时治疗。

某妇幼专科医院儿童血液病医院血流感染相关危险因素及病原菌分析

目的对儿童血液病医院血流感染相关危险因素及病原菌分布情况进行分析,为临床风险识别及早期干预提供理论依据,进一步减少儿童血液病患儿医院血流感染的发生。方法采取病历调阅结合院感实时监控系统的方式,调查2018年1月至2022年12月期间该院收治血液病住院患儿共5259例。结果医院血流感染95例,感染率1.81%;血管导管相关血流感染5例(5.26%)。革兰氏阳性菌48株(50.53%),主要为草绿色链球菌及表皮葡萄球菌;革兰氏阴性菌45株(47.37%),主要为大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌;真菌2株(2.10%),均为白色假丝酵母菌。革兰氏阴性菌占比呈现逐渐增加的趋势。95株病原菌中,多重耐药菌40株(42.11%)。恶性血液病、骨髓抑制、输血、中心静脉置管及住院时间>7 d是儿童血液病患儿发生医院血流感染的危险因素。结论应对儿童血液病患儿医院血流感染危险因素、病原菌类型及耐药情况进行实时监控、早期识别及风险评估;根据风险评估结果,采取合适及有效的感染防控措施,预防医院血流感染发生。

连云港地区女性人乳头瘤病毒感染情况及基因型分布研究

目的分析连云港地区女性人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染情况及基因型分布特点,以期为疫苗接种、宫颈癌防治提供参考。方法选取2020年1月至2022年12月在东海县人民医院妇科门诊就诊的8981例女性,均进行HPVDNA分型检测,分析HPV感染情况及基因型分布特点。结果连云港地区HPV总感染率为25.71%,高危型HPV感染率为21.01%,单一HPV感染率高于多重HPV感染率。高危型HPV基因型前5位分别为HPV16(5.78%)、HPV52(4.81%)、HPV58(3.29%)、HPV53(2.65%)、HPV51(2.09%),低危型HPV基因型以HPV42(2.41%)为主,其次是HPV81(2.07%)。年龄≤20岁和51~60岁年龄段中出现感染率峰值。结论连云港地区女性HPV感染以单一HPV感染为主,其中以HPV16和HPV52高危型HPV基因型为主。

呼吸系统感染患者住院费用灰色关联及影响因素分析

目的:分析呼吸系统感染患者住院费用的构成及内、外部影响因素,为公立医院实施DRG付费改革、控制医疗费用、提高医疗服务质量提供参考。方法:收集2021年江苏省某三甲医院呼吸内科呼吸系统感染住院患者579例,提取患者病案基本信息和各项住院费用明细,采用单因素分析、灰色关联分析、多元逐步线性回归分析对呼吸系统感染患者住院费用的内、外部影响因素进行分析。结果:与呼吸系统感染患者住院费用关联度最高,关联序列排前三位的费用:西药费(0.979)、一般医疗服务费(0.969)和实验室诊断费(0.938)。住院天数、年龄、合并症数量和吸烟史对呼吸系统感染患者的住院费用有显著影响。结论:建议定期审查医院各项费用和成本效益,完善临床诊疗规范,进一步加强控制西药费用,减少不必要的医疗服务和实验室检查;同时尝试建立早期出院计划以减少住院天数,积极做好健康宣传,提高民众健康素养。

负压封闭引流在颌面颈部间隙感染致下行性坏死性纵隔炎治疗中的应用效果评价

目的:探讨负压封闭引流(vacuum sealing drainage,VSD)在颌面颈部间隙感染致下行性坏死性纵隔炎(descending necrotizing mediastinitis,DNM)中的临床应用效果。方法:回顾2014年7月—2023年7月就诊于新疆医科大学附属口腔医院采用负压封闭引流术治疗的53例DNM患者的临床资料,对治疗效果进行总结分析。采用SPSS 26.0软件包对数据进行统计分析。结果:53例患者中,3例放弃治疗,1例死亡,其余患者均治愈出院。平均住院天数(25.3±13.75)d,VSD平均放置时间(16.15±8.22)d,ICU平均监护时间(12.02±11.56)d,平均更换VSD次数(1.57±1.32)次。患有糖尿病患者与血糖正常患者的住院天数、ICU监护时间、VSD使用时长、抗生素使用天数、住院总费用,入院时中性粒细胞数与淋巴细胞数比值(N/L值)、白介素6(IL-6)及D-二聚体(D-D)值均有显著差异。结论:负压封闭引流术在颌面颈部间隙感染致下行性纵隔炎的治疗中创伤小,能促进炎症吸收,减轻患者病程中换药的痛苦,对于感染至前下纵隔及全纵隔的病例,联合胸腔闭式引流或纵隔切开引流,效果肯定,具有一定的临床应用价值。

河南省花生果腐病病原菌的分离及鉴定

花生果腐病又称烂果病,是河南省乃至全国花生主产区日趋严重的重要病害。为明确河南省花生果腐病的病原菌,采用组织分离法对2019和2020年采自河南省各花生产区的92份花生果腐病样进行了菌株分离。结合形态学和分子生物学鉴定方法并依据柯赫氏法则进行验证,确定了引起河南省花生果腐病的病原菌包括镰刀菌属尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium. oxysporum)、腐皮镰刀菌(F. solani)、层出镰刀菌(F. proliferatum)和厚垣镰刀菌(F. chlamydosporum)、曲霉属黑曲霉菌(Aspergillus niger)和黄曲霉菌(A. flavus)、可可毛色二孢菌(Lasiodiplodia theobromae)、齐整小核菌(Sclerotium rolfsii)以及侵管新赤壳菌(Neocosmospora vasinfecta)共计5属9种,其中以镰刀菌属的尖孢和腐皮镰刀菌为优势种。本研究进一步确定了花生果腐病是由多种病原菌复合侵染所致,研究结果可为花生果腐病的有效防治提供重要依据。

新药时代多发性骨髓瘤住院患者感染的临床特征及危险因素分析

目的:探讨住院期间使用新药(免疫调节药物、蛋白酶体抑制剂和单克隆抗体)治疗多发性骨髓瘤患者发生感染的临床特征及潜在的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2017年3月1日至2022年3月1日山西白求恩医院血液科住院接受新药治疗(来那度胺、泊马度胺、硼替佐米、伊沙佐米、达雷妥尤单抗)的多发性骨髓瘤合并感染患者的临床特点及病原菌特征。感染被分为微生物学定义、临床定义和不明原因发热。单因素及多因素回归模型分析新药治疗多发性骨髓瘤合并感染的风险因素。结果:155例多发性骨髓瘤患者纳入本研究,中位随访时间为20个月。125例患者发生感染,感染例次为242次,感染中临床定义(CDI)的发生率最高(186例次,76.86%),其次为微生物感染(MDI)50例次(20.66%),不明原因的发热(FUF)为6例次(2.48%)。微生物感染中细菌感染35例次(14.46%),病毒感染10例次(4.13%),真菌感染5例次(2.07%)。最常见的感染部位为下呼吸道90例次(37.19%),其次为上呼吸道83例次(34.30%),消化道27例次(11.16%)。多发性骨髓瘤合并新药治疗全因死亡率为8.39%(13/155)。单因素分析结果显示,ISS分期III期、治疗线数≥2及虚弱状态与多发性骨髓瘤发生感染相关。多因素回归分析结果显示,ISS分期III期(OR=2.96,95%CI:1.19-7.40,P=0.02)、治疗线数≥2(OR=2.91,95%CI:1.13-7.51,P=0.03)和虚弱(OR=3.58,95%CI:1.44-8.89,P=0.01)是新药治疗多发性骨髓瘤患者出现感染的危险因素。结论:新药时代多发性骨髓瘤患者住院期间易合并细菌感染。ISS分期III期、治疗线数≥2和虚弱状态是新药时代多发性骨髓瘤患者发生感染的危险因素。