Background: Although the standing long jump (SLJ) is a popular physical fitness assessment, it lacks an updated criterion-reference standard. This study generated the first normative SLJ test data for Chinese aged 8 -...Background: Although the standing long jump (SLJ) is a popular physical fitness assessment, it lacks an updated criterion-reference standard. This study generated the first normative SLJ test data for Chinese aged 8 - 18. Methods: From September 2005 to December 2011, comprehensive physical fitness assessments were conducted on 12,712 school students. The SLJ performances were significantly different between boys and girls (all age groups, p < 0.01). Results: The boys performed better than the girls in each age group. The mean difference increased as the age increased, depicting a prominent variance in muscular strength between boys and girls at age 12, and the variances became larger at age 18. Girls in the 70th percenttile performed similarly to boys performing in the 10th percentile. The onset of muscle strength for boys found in this study corresponded to the onset age of testosterone maturation of Chinese boys investigated in previous studies. Linear regression found age and BMI predicting SLJ significantly for boys and girls, explaining better SLJ results in older boy and the effect of their heavy body size. Conclusions: This study indicated a muscular strength difference between genders during growth and added supporting evidence to the hormonal influence of muscle growth during puberty.展开更多
Background: This is the first study to publish the normative reference values for assessment of the level of muscular strength through the “standing long jump” test carried out on a large sample of Macedonian school...Background: This is the first study to publish the normative reference values for assessment of the level of muscular strength through the “standing long jump” test carried out on a large sample of Macedonian school children. The normative values encompass a wide span of years (6 - 18). Methods: The research was realized in a large sample of 12618 school children at the age of 6 to 18 years from Macedonia. The sample was divided in 14 groups, according to chronological age and each age group was divided into two subgroups according to the criteria of gender. For estimation of the morphologic characteristics, the following anthropometric measures have been applied: body height in standing position (cm), body weight (kg), as well as the body mass index (BMI). Children aged 6 or above were invited to take a standing long jump test. Results: Boys show statistically better results in all age categories in the standing long jump test than girls, and these differences become bigger with the increase of age, especially after the 14th year展开更多
Measurement of respiratory muscle strength is performed through static measurements of maximal respiratory pressures and is an important tool for determining the existence and prognosis of neuromuscular and pulmonary ...Measurement of respiratory muscle strength is performed through static measurements of maximal respiratory pressures and is an important tool for determining the existence and prognosis of neuromuscular and pulmonary disorders, such as weakness or fatigue of this musculature. Objectives: To evaluate and compare respiratory muscle strength among healthy adult and elderly women. Methods: A total of 163 healthy women were recruited through convenience sampling at the family centers of the city of Manaus (AM, Brazil), divided into two groups: adult women (age 20 - 59 years) and elderly women (over 60 years of age). The evaluation was performed by Manovacuometry, in order to measure the maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP). For statistical analysis we used the Student’s T test, considering significant p value ≤ 0.05. Results: The final sample consisted of 116 adult women and 47 elderly women. The mean age in the group of women between 20 - 59 years was 44.5 ± 12 and the elderly group was 65 ± 6.6. MIP values in adult women were significantly higher when compared to the elderly (−108 ± 5.3 cmH2O × −79.5 ± 4 cmH2O, p = 0.0014, respectively). The same behavior was observed in the evaluation of MEP (87.1 ± 2.9 cmH2O in adults and 69.8 ± 3.5 cmH2O in the elderly;p = 0.0008). Conclusion: The results indicate that inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength is lower in older women, suggesting that the aging process tends to interfere with those muscles, resulting in altered respiratory system function.展开更多
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex interrelated risk factor for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. High cardiorespiratory fitness is known to contribute to prevention of MetS. However, little is ...Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex interrelated risk factor for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. High cardiorespiratory fitness is known to contribute to prevention of MetS. However, little is known regarding the association between muscular fitness and MetS in Japanese adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between muscular fitness and MetS in Japanese women and men. This cross-sectional study included 335 women and 209 men aged 30 - 79 y. MetS was determined according to the 2009 criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. Muscular fitness was evaluated by muscular fitness composite score (MFS), which was determined using Z scores from grip strength and sit-ups. Participants were classified by MFS tertile into low, middle, and high MFS groups. We used multiple logistic regression analysis to estimate odds ratios for the incidence of MetS in each group. The prevalence of MFS was 27.2% in women and 27.3% in men. Adjusted odds ratios for MetS prevalence in the low, middle, and high MFS groups, after adjusting for age, smoking status, alcohol intake, and exercise habits, were 1.0 (referent), 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.50 - 1.62), and 0.49 (95% CI, 0.25 - 0.94;P for trend = 0.03) in women;in men, they were 1.0 (referent), 0.49 (0.23 - 1.04), and 0.42 (0.18 - 0.97;P for trend = 0.04), respectively. Muscular fitness is inversely associated with the prevalence of MetS in Japanese women and men.展开更多
目的:探讨早期高蛋白营养联合康复运动在有创机械通气慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)患者中的应用效果。方法:选择本院AECOPD患者60例,随机分为研究组和对照组,每组30例,对照组给予有创机械通气、常规西医治疗及常规营养支持,研究组...目的:探讨早期高蛋白营养联合康复运动在有创机械通气慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)患者中的应用效果。方法:选择本院AECOPD患者60例,随机分为研究组和对照组,每组30例,对照组给予有创机械通气、常规西医治疗及常规营养支持,研究组在上述基础上额外给予早期高蛋白营养联合上下肢主被动运动康复训练设备进行康复运动治疗,高蛋白质供给。方法:第1~3天1.5g·kg^(-1)·d^(-1),第4天开始1.8g·kg^(-1)·d^(-1),康复运动:第1天禁止康复运动;第2~3天,早晨10min、中午15min、晚上15min;第4天开始,早晨20min、中午20min、晚上20min;疗程均从开始机械通气至脱机;对比两组患者治疗前后血清营养指标(白蛋白、转铁蛋白、前白蛋白及血红蛋白)、血清炎症指标(IL-6、TNF-α、CRP)、SOFA评分变化及肌力恢复有效率。结果:治疗前,研究组、对照组各白蛋白、转铁蛋白、前白蛋白及血红蛋白血清营养指标对比无明显差异(P>0.05);与治疗前比较,治疗后两组患者血清营养指标均明显改善,有统计学差异(P<0.05);与对照组比较,研究组血清营养指标(血红蛋白、白蛋白、转铁白蛋白及前白蛋白)改善更明显,且有统计学差异(134.61±5.11vs119.47±5.58,46.79±1.68 vs 42.01±2.06,1.82±0.95 vs 1.42±0.09,237.82±10.81vs143.20±9.78,P<0.05);治疗前,研究组、对照组各血清炎症指标对比无明显差异(P均>0.05);治疗后,研究组各血清炎症指标较治疗前明显改善(P均<0.05),治疗后,研究组患者血清IL-6、TNF-α、CRP分别为(30.52±6.34)pg/mL、(60.13±4.76)pg/mL、(5.38±1.95)mg/L,对照组患者血清IL-6、TNF-α、CRP则分别为(36.75±10.35)pg/mL、(66.34±6.57)pg/mL、(7.31±2.34)mg/L,两组上述指标对比差异明显(P均<0.05);治疗后研究组、对照组肌力恢复有效率分别为93.33%(28/30)、83.33%(25/30),组间差异明显(P<0.05)。结论:早期高蛋白营养联合康复运动可以改善有创机械通气AECOPD患者营养及感染状况,提高肌力,有利于患者康复及预后。展开更多
探究成年男性体适能、身体形态和骨骼健康之间的关系。选取96名成年男性作为研究对象,随机测量其身体形态(身高、体重和臀围等)和体适能(肌肉力量、柔韧性和肺功能等)。骨密度(Bone Mineral Density, BMD)和骨矿含量(Bone Mineral Conte...探究成年男性体适能、身体形态和骨骼健康之间的关系。选取96名成年男性作为研究对象,随机测量其身体形态(身高、体重和臀围等)和体适能(肌肉力量、柔韧性和肺功能等)。骨密度(Bone Mineral Density, BMD)和骨矿含量(Bone Mineral Content, BMC)使用双能X线吸收测定法进行测量。使用偏相关法来验证骨骼健康与体适能和身体形态之间的相关性,使用多元回归分析确定影响骨骼健康的主要因素。结果:矫正年龄和身体质量指数(BMI)后发现,BMD与握力、坐位体前屈、用力肺活量(Forced Vital Capacity, FVC)和1s用力呼气量(Forced Expiratory Volume In One Second, FEV1)呈显著正相关(r=-0.309~0.432,P<0.05),与俯卧体后屈呈负相关(r=-0.357,P=0.034)。BMC与臀围、握力、坐位体前屈、FVC和FEV1呈显著正相关(r=-0.359~0.537,P<0.05),与俯卧体后屈呈负相关(r=-0.333,P=0.034)。握力、俯卧体后屈和FEV1是预测BMD的主要因素(B=-0.004~0.045,P<0.05)。握力、俯卧体前屈、FVC、臀围和坐位体前屈是预测BMC的主要因素(B=-14.391~178.566,P<0.05)。结论:骨骼健康与身体形态和体适能具有显着相关性。预测骨骼健康的体适能指标集中在肌肉力量、柔韧性和肺功能。身体形态指标臀围可以预测BMC。展开更多
文摘Background: Although the standing long jump (SLJ) is a popular physical fitness assessment, it lacks an updated criterion-reference standard. This study generated the first normative SLJ test data for Chinese aged 8 - 18. Methods: From September 2005 to December 2011, comprehensive physical fitness assessments were conducted on 12,712 school students. The SLJ performances were significantly different between boys and girls (all age groups, p < 0.01). Results: The boys performed better than the girls in each age group. The mean difference increased as the age increased, depicting a prominent variance in muscular strength between boys and girls at age 12, and the variances became larger at age 18. Girls in the 70th percenttile performed similarly to boys performing in the 10th percentile. The onset of muscle strength for boys found in this study corresponded to the onset age of testosterone maturation of Chinese boys investigated in previous studies. Linear regression found age and BMI predicting SLJ significantly for boys and girls, explaining better SLJ results in older boy and the effect of their heavy body size. Conclusions: This study indicated a muscular strength difference between genders during growth and added supporting evidence to the hormonal influence of muscle growth during puberty.
文摘Background: This is the first study to publish the normative reference values for assessment of the level of muscular strength through the “standing long jump” test carried out on a large sample of Macedonian school children. The normative values encompass a wide span of years (6 - 18). Methods: The research was realized in a large sample of 12618 school children at the age of 6 to 18 years from Macedonia. The sample was divided in 14 groups, according to chronological age and each age group was divided into two subgroups according to the criteria of gender. For estimation of the morphologic characteristics, the following anthropometric measures have been applied: body height in standing position (cm), body weight (kg), as well as the body mass index (BMI). Children aged 6 or above were invited to take a standing long jump test. Results: Boys show statistically better results in all age categories in the standing long jump test than girls, and these differences become bigger with the increase of age, especially after the 14th year
文摘Measurement of respiratory muscle strength is performed through static measurements of maximal respiratory pressures and is an important tool for determining the existence and prognosis of neuromuscular and pulmonary disorders, such as weakness or fatigue of this musculature. Objectives: To evaluate and compare respiratory muscle strength among healthy adult and elderly women. Methods: A total of 163 healthy women were recruited through convenience sampling at the family centers of the city of Manaus (AM, Brazil), divided into two groups: adult women (age 20 - 59 years) and elderly women (over 60 years of age). The evaluation was performed by Manovacuometry, in order to measure the maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP). For statistical analysis we used the Student’s T test, considering significant p value ≤ 0.05. Results: The final sample consisted of 116 adult women and 47 elderly women. The mean age in the group of women between 20 - 59 years was 44.5 ± 12 and the elderly group was 65 ± 6.6. MIP values in adult women were significantly higher when compared to the elderly (−108 ± 5.3 cmH2O × −79.5 ± 4 cmH2O, p = 0.0014, respectively). The same behavior was observed in the evaluation of MEP (87.1 ± 2.9 cmH2O in adults and 69.8 ± 3.5 cmH2O in the elderly;p = 0.0008). Conclusion: The results indicate that inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength is lower in older women, suggesting that the aging process tends to interfere with those muscles, resulting in altered respiratory system function.
文摘Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex interrelated risk factor for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. High cardiorespiratory fitness is known to contribute to prevention of MetS. However, little is known regarding the association between muscular fitness and MetS in Japanese adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between muscular fitness and MetS in Japanese women and men. This cross-sectional study included 335 women and 209 men aged 30 - 79 y. MetS was determined according to the 2009 criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. Muscular fitness was evaluated by muscular fitness composite score (MFS), which was determined using Z scores from grip strength and sit-ups. Participants were classified by MFS tertile into low, middle, and high MFS groups. We used multiple logistic regression analysis to estimate odds ratios for the incidence of MetS in each group. The prevalence of MFS was 27.2% in women and 27.3% in men. Adjusted odds ratios for MetS prevalence in the low, middle, and high MFS groups, after adjusting for age, smoking status, alcohol intake, and exercise habits, were 1.0 (referent), 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.50 - 1.62), and 0.49 (95% CI, 0.25 - 0.94;P for trend = 0.03) in women;in men, they were 1.0 (referent), 0.49 (0.23 - 1.04), and 0.42 (0.18 - 0.97;P for trend = 0.04), respectively. Muscular fitness is inversely associated with the prevalence of MetS in Japanese women and men.
文摘目的:探讨早期高蛋白营养联合康复运动在有创机械通气慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)患者中的应用效果。方法:选择本院AECOPD患者60例,随机分为研究组和对照组,每组30例,对照组给予有创机械通气、常规西医治疗及常规营养支持,研究组在上述基础上额外给予早期高蛋白营养联合上下肢主被动运动康复训练设备进行康复运动治疗,高蛋白质供给。方法:第1~3天1.5g·kg^(-1)·d^(-1),第4天开始1.8g·kg^(-1)·d^(-1),康复运动:第1天禁止康复运动;第2~3天,早晨10min、中午15min、晚上15min;第4天开始,早晨20min、中午20min、晚上20min;疗程均从开始机械通气至脱机;对比两组患者治疗前后血清营养指标(白蛋白、转铁蛋白、前白蛋白及血红蛋白)、血清炎症指标(IL-6、TNF-α、CRP)、SOFA评分变化及肌力恢复有效率。结果:治疗前,研究组、对照组各白蛋白、转铁蛋白、前白蛋白及血红蛋白血清营养指标对比无明显差异(P>0.05);与治疗前比较,治疗后两组患者血清营养指标均明显改善,有统计学差异(P<0.05);与对照组比较,研究组血清营养指标(血红蛋白、白蛋白、转铁白蛋白及前白蛋白)改善更明显,且有统计学差异(134.61±5.11vs119.47±5.58,46.79±1.68 vs 42.01±2.06,1.82±0.95 vs 1.42±0.09,237.82±10.81vs143.20±9.78,P<0.05);治疗前,研究组、对照组各血清炎症指标对比无明显差异(P均>0.05);治疗后,研究组各血清炎症指标较治疗前明显改善(P均<0.05),治疗后,研究组患者血清IL-6、TNF-α、CRP分别为(30.52±6.34)pg/mL、(60.13±4.76)pg/mL、(5.38±1.95)mg/L,对照组患者血清IL-6、TNF-α、CRP则分别为(36.75±10.35)pg/mL、(66.34±6.57)pg/mL、(7.31±2.34)mg/L,两组上述指标对比差异明显(P均<0.05);治疗后研究组、对照组肌力恢复有效率分别为93.33%(28/30)、83.33%(25/30),组间差异明显(P<0.05)。结论:早期高蛋白营养联合康复运动可以改善有创机械通气AECOPD患者营养及感染状况,提高肌力,有利于患者康复及预后。
文摘探究成年男性体适能、身体形态和骨骼健康之间的关系。选取96名成年男性作为研究对象,随机测量其身体形态(身高、体重和臀围等)和体适能(肌肉力量、柔韧性和肺功能等)。骨密度(Bone Mineral Density, BMD)和骨矿含量(Bone Mineral Content, BMC)使用双能X线吸收测定法进行测量。使用偏相关法来验证骨骼健康与体适能和身体形态之间的相关性,使用多元回归分析确定影响骨骼健康的主要因素。结果:矫正年龄和身体质量指数(BMI)后发现,BMD与握力、坐位体前屈、用力肺活量(Forced Vital Capacity, FVC)和1s用力呼气量(Forced Expiratory Volume In One Second, FEV1)呈显著正相关(r=-0.309~0.432,P<0.05),与俯卧体后屈呈负相关(r=-0.357,P=0.034)。BMC与臀围、握力、坐位体前屈、FVC和FEV1呈显著正相关(r=-0.359~0.537,P<0.05),与俯卧体后屈呈负相关(r=-0.333,P=0.034)。握力、俯卧体后屈和FEV1是预测BMD的主要因素(B=-0.004~0.045,P<0.05)。握力、俯卧体前屈、FVC、臀围和坐位体前屈是预测BMC的主要因素(B=-14.391~178.566,P<0.05)。结论:骨骼健康与身体形态和体适能具有显着相关性。预测骨骼健康的体适能指标集中在肌肉力量、柔韧性和肺功能。身体形态指标臀围可以预测BMC。
文摘目的观察针刺联合康复训练治疗前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)重建术后股四头肌萎缩的临床疗效。方法将92例ACL重建术后股四头肌萎缩的患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组46例。对照组采用康复训练,治疗组在康复训练基础上联合针刺治疗。观察两组治疗后视觉模拟量表(visual analog scale,VAS)评分、Lysholm评分、膝关节活动度、大腿周径萎缩指数、股四头肌厚度及伸膝肌力的变化,并比较两组临床疗效及治疗安全性。结果治疗组总有效率为93.5%,对照组为76.1%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗后Lysholm评分、VAS评分、膝关节活动度、大腿周径萎缩指数、股四头肌厚度、伸膝肌力分级与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组治疗后上述指标与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗期间均未出现与治疗有关的不良事件。结论针刺联合康复训练能够有效改善ACL重建术后股四头肌萎缩,提高股四头肌厚度和肌力,增强患者膝关节功能。
