[Objective] The paper was to examine the effects of spent mushroom substrate of Pleurotus eryngii as fermentation bed padding on growth performance, intestinal microflora and immunity of weaning pigs. [Method] A total...[Objective] The paper was to examine the effects of spent mushroom substrate of Pleurotus eryngii as fermentation bed padding on growth performance, intestinal microflora and immunity of weaning pigs. [Method] A total of 120 weaning piglets (DurocxLandracexYorkshire) with the average initial body weight of (8.0±0.5) kg were allocated to five dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design for 42 d, each of which was replicated three times with eight piglets per replicate ( half male and half female). The padding for control group was 50% sawdust +50% rice husk; experimental group I, 100% spent mushroom substrate; experimental group II, 15% sawdust +15% rice husk +70% spent mushroom sub- strate; experimental group III, 25% sawdust +25% rice husk +50% spent mushroom substrate; and experimental group IV, 35% sawdust +35% rice husk +30% spent substrate. [Result] Except for experimental group IV, the other three experimental groups had higher average daily gain compared to the control group (P〈0.05). The average daily feed intake in experimental group I increased obviously compared to the control group(P〈0.05). Except for experimental group I, the diarrhea rate of weaning piglets in experimental groups II, III and IV significantly decreased compared to the control group(P〈0.05). The number of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in colon and cecum in experimental groups I, II and III increased distinctly (P〈 0.05), while the number of Escherichia coli and Salmonella decreased remarkably compared to the control group (P〈0.05). The positive rates of T and B lymphocytes in peripheral blood of weaning piglets in four experimental groups were significantly higher than that in control group at 21 and 42 d post weaning (P〈0.05). The IgA content of intestinal mucous in piglets was significantly improved in experimental groups II and III (P〈0.05). [Conclusion] It enhances the production performance when improving immunity and reducing diarrhea rate of piglets by using spent mushroom substrate of P. eryngii as the fermentation bed padding. Experimental group III (25% sawdust +25% rice husk +50% spent mushroom substrate) is the optimal proportion of spent mushroom substrate.展开更多
Greenhouse summer squash is a major type of greenhouse vegetable in Shandong Province.In summer,there is a three-month idle period of greenhouse summer squash.Volvariella volvacea is a high temperature resistant high-...Greenhouse summer squash is a major type of greenhouse vegetable in Shandong Province.In summer,there is a three-month idle period of greenhouse summer squash.Volvariella volvacea is a high temperature resistant high-quality edible fungus.In practice,it is able to use the spent mushroom substrate of Flammulina velutipes to cultivate V.volvacea.In the idle period of greenhouse summer squash,cultivating V.volvacea using the spent mushroom substrate of F.velutipes has high economic and environmental benefits.The cultivation techniques mainly include the preparation of cultivation materials,preliminary preparation for the greenhouse,planting management of V.volvacea,and returning the spent mushroom substrate to the field.By comparison with the conventional summer squash planting,this technique has higher economic benefits and its application prospects will be broad.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to investigate effects on fermentation bed temperature,growth performance,diarrhea rate and digestive en-zyme activity of weaning piglets by using spent mushroom substrate of Pleurotus eryngi...[Objective] The paper was to investigate effects on fermentation bed temperature,growth performance,diarrhea rate and digestive en-zyme activity of weaning piglets by using spent mushroom substrate of Pleurotus eryngii as padding.[Method] A total of 120 weaning piglets(Duroc × Landrace ×Yorkshire) with average initial body weight of(8.0 ±0.5)kg were allocated to five dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design for 42 d,each of which was replicated three times with eight piglets per replicate(half male,half female).The padding for control group was(50% sawdust +50% rice husk);experimental group Ⅰ 100% spent mushroom substrate;experimental group Ⅱ(15% sawdust +15% rice husk +70% spent mushroom substrate);experimental group Ⅲ(25% sawdust +25% rice husk +50% spent mushroom substrate);experimental group Ⅳ(35% sawdust +35% rice husk +30% spent substrate).[Result] There was no significant difference in surface temperature of fermentation bed between experimental groups and control group(P〉0.05).Compared with the control group,the temperature under 20 cm of fermentation bed in ex-perimental groups I,Ⅱ and Ⅲ increased significantly(P〈0.05).Except for experimental group Ⅳ,other three experimental groups had higher aver-age daily gain(P〈0.05) and experimental group Ⅰ had higher average daily feed intake(P〈0.05) compared to the control group.The diarrhea rate and mortality of weaning piglets in experimental groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were significantly decreased compared with the control group(P〈0.05).Compared with the control group,other three experimental groups had higher digestive enzyme activity in duodenal contents except for experimental group Ⅳ(P〈0.05).[Conclusion] Spent mushroom substrate of P.eryngii can be used as fermentation bed padding,and the optimal proportion was experimental group Ⅲ.展开更多
The paper aimed to evaluate fertilizing effects of spent mushroom substrate(SMS)and slurry on dry matter productivity and value of legume-grass mixtures.The experiment was replicated three times,with a split-plot arra...The paper aimed to evaluate fertilizing effects of spent mushroom substrate(SMS)and slurry on dry matter productivity and value of legume-grass mixtures.The experiment was replicated three times,with a split-plot arrangement and plots of 3 m^(3) as experimental units.These species were grown as three legume-grass mixtures:M1-Dactylis glomerata,Lolium perenne,Medicago x varia T.Martyn;M2-Dactylis glomerata,Medicago x varia T.Martyn;M3-Lolium perenne,Medicago x varia T.Martyn.The experiment consisted of the following units:control(no fertilization);SMS(30 t/hm^(2));slurry(60 m^(3)/hm^(2))(G);SMS(10 t/hm^(2))+slurry(60 m^(3)/hm^(2));SMS(20 t/hm^(2))+slurry(40 m^(3)/hm^(2));SMS mushroom substrate(30 t/hm^(2))+slurry(20 m^(3)/hm^(2)).During each growing season all the mixtures were harvested three times.The fresh matter from each plot was weighted and a sample of 0.6 kg was taken for further analysis.In the experiment the content of both total protein and crude fibre was dependent on the type of fertilizer and on the type of mixture.Forage from the plots with 20 t/hm^(2) of mushroom substrate and 40 m^(3)/hm^(2) of slurry had the best nutritional value,with the highest amount of total protein.The contents of protein and crude fibre in the forage were more favourably affected by slurry than by spent mushroom substrate.Out of the mixtures from all plots,regardless of the type of fertilizer,the mixture consisting of Lolium perenne and Medicago x varia T.Martyn contained the highest content of protein.展开更多
There is an overlooked problem which increasing microbial abundance while reducing nitrogen loss during composting.This study investigated the viability of spent mushroom substrate(SMS)as conditioners in the aerobic c...There is an overlooked problem which increasing microbial abundance while reducing nitrogen loss during composting.This study investigated the viability of spent mushroom substrate(SMS)as conditioners in the aerobic composting of kitchen waste(KW)with cattle manure(CM).The variation of temperature,pH,C/N,organic matter,cellulose,hemicelluloses,germination index(GI),and microflora structure were explored to evaluate the potential in accelerating maturity and nitrogen fixation by SMS addition.The results showed that the addition of SMS accelerated the heating rate,prolonged the high temperature time,and decreased organic matter,hemicellulose,and cellulose by 17.49%,23.61%,and 18.62%,respectively.The GI reached 105.86%with SMS addition,while 74.17%was found in control treatment after composting.SMS changed the microbial community composition and increased the species abundance.Proteiniclasticum,Clostridium XI and Azomonas were dominant bacteria,which increased the retention of nitrogen,promoted organic matter degradation and reduce compost time.The study can provide a feasible strategy for nitrogen fixation in the field of organic waste recycling.展开更多
Considering the need for efficiently and rapidly treating oily wastewater while preventing secondary pollution,the nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI)was supported on biochar prepared by using a spent mushroom substrate(...Considering the need for efficiently and rapidly treating oily wastewater while preventing secondary pollution,the nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI)was supported on biochar prepared by using a spent mushroom substrate(SMS),to produce an iron-carbon composite(SMS-nZVI).The ability of the SMS-nZVI to treat wastewater containing high concentration of oil was then comprehensively evaluated.The morphology,structure,and other properties of the composite were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller nitrogen sorption analysis,and the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The results show that the biochar prepared by using the SMS can effectively prevent the agglomeration of nZVI and increase the overall specific surface area,thereby enhancing the absorption of petroleum by the composite.Experiments reveal that compared with the SMS and nZVI,the SMS-nZVI composite removes petroleum faster and more efficiently from wastewater.Under optimized conditions involving an nZVI to biochar mass ratio of 1:5 and a pH value of 4,the efficiency for removal of petroleum from wastewater with an initial petroleum concentration of 1000 mg/L could reach 95%within 5 h.Based on a natural aging treatment involving exposure to air for 30 d,the SMS-nZVI composite retained an oil removal rate of higher than 62%,and this result could highlight its stability for practical applications.展开更多
基金Supported by General Program of Science and Technology Plan of Beijing Municipal Education Com-mission(KM201512448004)Project of Beijing Municipal Education Commission Promotion of Sci-entific and Technological Capacity of ‘Vegetable Basket’ New Production and Operation Subject”(20150203-5)Doctoral Fund of Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture(XY-BS-15-01)
文摘[Objective] The paper was to examine the effects of spent mushroom substrate of Pleurotus eryngii as fermentation bed padding on growth performance, intestinal microflora and immunity of weaning pigs. [Method] A total of 120 weaning piglets (DurocxLandracexYorkshire) with the average initial body weight of (8.0±0.5) kg were allocated to five dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design for 42 d, each of which was replicated three times with eight piglets per replicate ( half male and half female). The padding for control group was 50% sawdust +50% rice husk; experimental group I, 100% spent mushroom substrate; experimental group II, 15% sawdust +15% rice husk +70% spent mushroom sub- strate; experimental group III, 25% sawdust +25% rice husk +50% spent mushroom substrate; and experimental group IV, 35% sawdust +35% rice husk +30% spent substrate. [Result] Except for experimental group IV, the other three experimental groups had higher average daily gain compared to the control group (P〈0.05). The average daily feed intake in experimental group I increased obviously compared to the control group(P〈0.05). Except for experimental group I, the diarrhea rate of weaning piglets in experimental groups II, III and IV significantly decreased compared to the control group(P〈0.05). The number of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in colon and cecum in experimental groups I, II and III increased distinctly (P〈 0.05), while the number of Escherichia coli and Salmonella decreased remarkably compared to the control group (P〈0.05). The positive rates of T and B lymphocytes in peripheral blood of weaning piglets in four experimental groups were significantly higher than that in control group at 21 and 42 d post weaning (P〈0.05). The IgA content of intestinal mucous in piglets was significantly improved in experimental groups II and III (P〈0.05). [Conclusion] It enhances the production performance when improving immunity and reducing diarrhea rate of piglets by using spent mushroom substrate of P. eryngii as the fermentation bed padding. Experimental group III (25% sawdust +25% rice husk +50% spent mushroom substrate) is the optimal proportion of spent mushroom substrate.
基金Sub-topics of National Key R&D program(2016YFD201306-03)Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2016B09).
文摘Greenhouse summer squash is a major type of greenhouse vegetable in Shandong Province.In summer,there is a three-month idle period of greenhouse summer squash.Volvariella volvacea is a high temperature resistant high-quality edible fungus.In practice,it is able to use the spent mushroom substrate of Flammulina velutipes to cultivate V.volvacea.In the idle period of greenhouse summer squash,cultivating V.volvacea using the spent mushroom substrate of F.velutipes has high economic and environmental benefits.The cultivation techniques mainly include the preparation of cultivation materials,preliminary preparation for the greenhouse,planting management of V.volvacea,and returning the spent mushroom substrate to the field.By comparison with the conventional summer squash planting,this technique has higher economic benefits and its application prospects will be broad.
基金Supported by General Program of Science and Technology Plan of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(KM201512448004)Project of Beijing Municipal Education Commission "Promotion of Scientific and Technological Capacity of ‘Vegetable Basket’ New Production and Operation Subject"(20150203-5)Doctoral Fund of Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture(XY-BS-15-01)
文摘[Objective] The paper was to investigate effects on fermentation bed temperature,growth performance,diarrhea rate and digestive en-zyme activity of weaning piglets by using spent mushroom substrate of Pleurotus eryngii as padding.[Method] A total of 120 weaning piglets(Duroc × Landrace ×Yorkshire) with average initial body weight of(8.0 ±0.5)kg were allocated to five dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design for 42 d,each of which was replicated three times with eight piglets per replicate(half male,half female).The padding for control group was(50% sawdust +50% rice husk);experimental group Ⅰ 100% spent mushroom substrate;experimental group Ⅱ(15% sawdust +15% rice husk +70% spent mushroom substrate);experimental group Ⅲ(25% sawdust +25% rice husk +50% spent mushroom substrate);experimental group Ⅳ(35% sawdust +35% rice husk +30% spent substrate).[Result] There was no significant difference in surface temperature of fermentation bed between experimental groups and control group(P〉0.05).Compared with the control group,the temperature under 20 cm of fermentation bed in ex-perimental groups I,Ⅱ and Ⅲ increased significantly(P〈0.05).Except for experimental group Ⅳ,other three experimental groups had higher aver-age daily gain(P〈0.05) and experimental group Ⅰ had higher average daily feed intake(P〈0.05) compared to the control group.The diarrhea rate and mortality of weaning piglets in experimental groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were significantly decreased compared with the control group(P〈0.05).Compared with the control group,other three experimental groups had higher digestive enzyme activity in duodenal contents except for experimental group Ⅳ(P〈0.05).[Conclusion] Spent mushroom substrate of P.eryngii can be used as fermentation bed padding,and the optimal proportion was experimental group Ⅲ.
基金The research carried out under the theme No 357/13/S was financially supported by the science grant of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education.
文摘The paper aimed to evaluate fertilizing effects of spent mushroom substrate(SMS)and slurry on dry matter productivity and value of legume-grass mixtures.The experiment was replicated three times,with a split-plot arrangement and plots of 3 m^(3) as experimental units.These species were grown as three legume-grass mixtures:M1-Dactylis glomerata,Lolium perenne,Medicago x varia T.Martyn;M2-Dactylis glomerata,Medicago x varia T.Martyn;M3-Lolium perenne,Medicago x varia T.Martyn.The experiment consisted of the following units:control(no fertilization);SMS(30 t/hm^(2));slurry(60 m^(3)/hm^(2))(G);SMS(10 t/hm^(2))+slurry(60 m^(3)/hm^(2));SMS(20 t/hm^(2))+slurry(40 m^(3)/hm^(2));SMS mushroom substrate(30 t/hm^(2))+slurry(20 m^(3)/hm^(2)).During each growing season all the mixtures were harvested three times.The fresh matter from each plot was weighted and a sample of 0.6 kg was taken for further analysis.In the experiment the content of both total protein and crude fibre was dependent on the type of fertilizer and on the type of mixture.Forage from the plots with 20 t/hm^(2) of mushroom substrate and 40 m^(3)/hm^(2) of slurry had the best nutritional value,with the highest amount of total protein.The contents of protein and crude fibre in the forage were more favourably affected by slurry than by spent mushroom substrate.Out of the mixtures from all plots,regardless of the type of fertilizer,the mixture consisting of Lolium perenne and Medicago x varia T.Martyn contained the highest content of protein.
基金funded by the Key Research and Development Projects of Heilongjiang Province(Grant No.2022ZX02C14)the Technological Project of Heilongjiang Province“the Open Competition Mechanism to Select the Best Candidates”(Grant No.2022ZXJ05C01)National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFD1501000)。
文摘There is an overlooked problem which increasing microbial abundance while reducing nitrogen loss during composting.This study investigated the viability of spent mushroom substrate(SMS)as conditioners in the aerobic composting of kitchen waste(KW)with cattle manure(CM).The variation of temperature,pH,C/N,organic matter,cellulose,hemicelluloses,germination index(GI),and microflora structure were explored to evaluate the potential in accelerating maturity and nitrogen fixation by SMS addition.The results showed that the addition of SMS accelerated the heating rate,prolonged the high temperature time,and decreased organic matter,hemicellulose,and cellulose by 17.49%,23.61%,and 18.62%,respectively.The GI reached 105.86%with SMS addition,while 74.17%was found in control treatment after composting.SMS changed the microbial community composition and increased the species abundance.Proteiniclasticum,Clostridium XI and Azomonas were dominant bacteria,which increased the retention of nitrogen,promoted organic matter degradation and reduce compost time.The study can provide a feasible strategy for nitrogen fixation in the field of organic waste recycling.
基金This study was supported by the State Key Laboratory of Petroleum and Petrochemical Contaminant Control and Treatment,the Open Project(Authorization:PPC2019021)the Research and Promotion Project of Key Technologies for Safety and Environmental Protection of CNPC(2017D-4013)the PetroChina Technology Innovation Fund Research Project(Authorization:2017D-5007-0601,2018D-5007-0605).
文摘Considering the need for efficiently and rapidly treating oily wastewater while preventing secondary pollution,the nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI)was supported on biochar prepared by using a spent mushroom substrate(SMS),to produce an iron-carbon composite(SMS-nZVI).The ability of the SMS-nZVI to treat wastewater containing high concentration of oil was then comprehensively evaluated.The morphology,structure,and other properties of the composite were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller nitrogen sorption analysis,and the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The results show that the biochar prepared by using the SMS can effectively prevent the agglomeration of nZVI and increase the overall specific surface area,thereby enhancing the absorption of petroleum by the composite.Experiments reveal that compared with the SMS and nZVI,the SMS-nZVI composite removes petroleum faster and more efficiently from wastewater.Under optimized conditions involving an nZVI to biochar mass ratio of 1:5 and a pH value of 4,the efficiency for removal of petroleum from wastewater with an initial petroleum concentration of 1000 mg/L could reach 95%within 5 h.Based on a natural aging treatment involving exposure to air for 30 d,the SMS-nZVI composite retained an oil removal rate of higher than 62%,and this result could highlight its stability for practical applications.