Classification of musical hallucinations and the characters along with neural-molecular mechanisms of musical hallucinations associated with psychiatric disorders

BACKGROUND Musical hallucinations(MH)involve the false perception of music in the absence of external stimuli which links with different etiologies.The pathomechanisms of MH encompass various conditions.The etiological classification of MH is of particular importance and offers valuable insights to understand MH,and further to develop the effective treatment of MH.Over the recent decades,more MH cases have been reported,revealing newly identified medical and psychiatric causes of MH.Functional imaging studies reveal that MH activates a wide array of brain regions.An up-to-date analysis on MH,especially on MH comorbid psychiatric conditions is warranted.AIM To propose a new classification of MH;to study the age and gender differences of MH in mental disorders;and neuropathology of MH.METHODS Literatures searches were conducted using keywords such as“music hallucination,”“music hallucination and mental illness,”“music hallucination and gender difference,”and“music hallucination and psychiatric disease”in the databases of PubMed,Google Scholar,and Web of Science.MH cases were collected and categorized based on their etiologies.The t-test and ANOVA were employed(P<0.05)to compare the age differences of MH different etiological groups.Function neuroimaging studies of neural networks regulating MH and their possible molecular mechanisms were discussed.RESULTS Among the 357 yielded publications,294 MH cases were collected.The average age of MH cases was 67.9 years,with a predominance of females(66.8%females vs 33.2%males).MH was classified into eight groups based on their etiological mechanisms.Statistical analysis of MH cases indicates varying associations with psychiatric diagnoses.CONCLUSION We carried out a more comprehensive review of MH studies.For the first time according to our knowledge,we demonstrated the psychiatric conditions linked and/or associated with MH from statistical,biological and molecular point of view.

A Descriptive Translation Study of Chinese Translation of French Musical Roméo et Juliette

This paper presents a Descriptive Translation Study(DTS)analysis of the Chinese translation of the French musical adaptation of Romeo and Juliet,titled Roméo et Juliette:de la Haineàl’Amour.Romeo and Juliet,a timeless play by Shakespeare,has captivated audiences since its premiere in 1597 and has been adapted into various forms,including stage productions,films,musicals,and operas.The focus of this study is to analyze the Chinese translation of the French musical adaptation from a DTS perspective.DTS is an approach that aims to understand the translation process and its reception in the target culture.By examining language choices,cultural references,and adaptation strategies,this study seeks to shed light on how the Chinese translation of the French musical functions within the target culture and influences the reception and interpretation of the source text.This analysis is expected to gain insights into the challenges and strategies employed in translating a musical adaptation of Romeo and Juliet into Chinese.The findings of this study will contribute to the field of translation studies and provide a deeper understanding of the complexities involved in the translation of musical works.

The Impact of Contextual Teaching Method on Sichuan Folk Song Education and Students’Musical Expressiveness

This study explores the application of the contextual teaching method in Sichuan folk song education and its impact on students’musical expressiveness.By incorporating contextual teaching methods in music classes,this research investigates the effectiveness of this approach in enhancing students’understanding of Sichuan folk songs and improving their musical expressiveness and emotional expression.A mixed-method research approach is employed,utilizing classroom observations,questionnaires,interviews,and statistical analysis to assess the practical outcomes of contextual teaching in folk song education.

An Analysis of the Musicality of Yong Liu’s Yulinling:Farewell in Autumn Based on the Perspective of Language Musicology

From the perspective of linguistic musicology,this paper discusses the musical features of Yulinling:Farewell in Autumn,a representative work of Yong Liu,a famous lyricist of the Song Dynasty.Through a systematic analysis of the core elements of the poem,such as rhyme,timbre,key,and rhythm,it reveals the intrinsic connection between poetry and music and proposes a new way of thinking about the modern interpretation of ancient poetic songs.This paper not only enriches the understanding of Yong Liu’s works but also provides new theoretical support for modern music education of classical poetry.In addition,this paper explores the practical application value of poetic musicality analysis in cultural inheritance and modern adaptation of classical poems,providing new insights into the contemporary inheritance of cultural heritage.

The Musical Charm of Kulangsu Island

Music is a universal language that resonates(产生共鸣)with people from all walks of life.If you are a music enthusiast,there is a special place you must visit-Kulangsu Island in Xiamen.Kulangsu Island is not just a destination;it is also a world deeply connected with music,making it an absolute must-visit for music lovers.

Women in the Musical Culture of Danzig in the First Half of the 20th Century

The musical culture of pre-war Danzig/Gdansk remains an area that is not well enough recognized in the scholarly literature.Numerous traces of this musical life are preserved in the collections of the Gdansk Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences.The collection ranges from scholarly publications and scores to an extensive number of concert programs and posters.The collection testifies to the dynamism and diversity of the city’s pre-war musical life.Notable among the collected materials is the role of female figures-composers,singers,and instrumentalists who made significant contributions to the shape of Gdansk musical life.In this article,I will present forgotten profiles of musically committed women:Martha Reincke,Ella Mertins,and Lotte Prins.In light of the surviving materials,it can be assumed that they were significant figures in the musical culture and social life of the city.

Differential advantages of musical backgrounds on binaural integration and interaction skills in instrumentalists,vocalists,and non-musicians

Background:Musical perception requires a host of skills.Instrumental musicians place greater emphasis on motor coordination,whereas vocal musicians rehearse vocal sounds.The study explored the differential advantages of musical background on binaural integration and interaction in musicians(instrumentalists,vocalists)and compared them with age-matched non-musicians.Methods:Eight six participants aged 20e40 y with normal hearing sensitivity were subjected to binaural tests using a standard group comparison research design.The participants were segregated into three groups e Group 1 included instrumentalists(n?26,mean age:17.73±2.83 y),while Group 2 and Group 3 consisted of vocalists(n?30,mean age:19.30±2.47 y)and non-musicians(n?30,mean age:18.20±3.02 y)respectively.The binaural processes namely integration(Dichotic syllable test,DST;and virtual acoustic space identification-VASI)and interaction(Interaural difference thresholds for time and level:ITD&ILD),were administered on all the participants.Results:Statistical analyses showed the main effect of musicianship.Bonferroni pair-wise test revealed that the musicians(instrumentalists and vocalists)outperformed(p<0.05)non-musicians in all the tests.The differential advantage of the musical background was seen on the binaural integration test with instrumentalists performing better in the VASI test compared to vocalists,and vice-versa for DST.No difference was observed in interaction tasks(ITD&ILD)between vocalists and instrumentalists(p>0.05).Conclusion:Musical background-induced differential advantages can be reasonably noted in the binaural skills of instrumentalists and vocalists(compared to non-musicians).

Inheritance and Development of Guangxi Minority Musical Instruments and Their Integration With Operas

The traditional musical instrument of minorities converges the evolution of ethnic group culture and history,and ethnic musical instruments are a core component of minority culture.The traditional instruments of Guangxi minorities are rich and varied,and an all-round cultural inheritance and protection mechanism should be used for ethnic musical instruments,so that the performance form of classical musical instruments of minorities can be more widely understood and mastered.Therefore,in this paper,we discuss the specific practice idea of the inheritance and development of classical musical instruments of Guangxi minorities,and facilitate the innovation of development path of ethnic musical instruments by taking the inheritance form of integrating musical instruments with operas.

Edgar Lawrence Doctorow’s Ragtime:Ragtime Music and the Musicalization of Fiction

The purpose of the present paper is to explore Edgar Lawrence Doctorow’s novel Ragtime(1975)as a masterful adaptation of musical form in fiction.It demonstrates the ways in which the use of musical devices of Ragtime shapes the rhythmic/narrative structure of the novel.The article offers the reading of the novel as a musicalized fiction,or,in other words,as a form of musico-literary intermediality.It focuses on the chief characteristics of Doctorow’s novel such as a plurality of independent consciousnesses and a diversity of simultaneous points of view/voices.The novel by its very design is polyphonic.Manipulating polyrhythmic effects,mixed rhythms,repetitive phrases and leitmotifs,Doctorow is experimenting with the rhythm both on micro and macro textual levels.

Transmission and Development of Musical Art

American music has developed over a relatively long period of time,but it was only in the early part of the last century that it developed a unique style that has an important place in the musical development of the world.The American environment has seen the formation of different ethnic and national music,as well as different musical styles,which have influenced and blended with each other to promote the development of American music.American modern music has gone through several stages of development,and it has not only formed a certain influence on the local American culture but also influenced the development of music throughout the world.This paper analyzes the heritage and development history of musical art and explains its influential role.

A perspective from Kenneth＇s works： On musical term translation

This paper mainly discusses some translation issues on musical works and terms of musical documents. Musical term translation is established by usage, musical researchers and those who understand music have no problems of understanding the musical terms and musical instruments and names of famous musicians. Foreign scholars obtain the ideas of Chinese culture by means of published writings in the mainland, Taiwan and Hong Kong, and also from the media and the Internet. Since there are cultural differences of mainland, Taiwan and Hong Kong, they may make misunderstanding in their works related to Chinese musicians, historical events and even musical instruments. Accurate back-translation of specific terms from the works written by foreign scholars requires corresponding specific and historical knowledge, consulting dictionaries and skills of using the Internet.

A Preliminary Exploration of the Metrical Musicality in Robert Burns's A Red,Red Rose

The musicality of poetry is a project that has been in great need of scholars'attentions and studies due to its charming typicality,which has been a rarely-visited for a long time.To get away with this intellectual sterility and poverty,and highlight the aesthetic universality of the musicality in poetic texts,this paper aims to give a preliminary exploration of the metrical musicality in A Red,Red Rose.

Lived Music Multi-dimensional Musical Experience： Implications for Music Education

Within the field of music education, there is a need of approaching the holistic view of musical experience from different angles. Therefore, the aim of this article is to investigate the phenomenon of multi-dimensional musical experience from a life-world-phenomenological perspective and indicate its benefits to music education. The analysis is informed by Dufrenne＇s philosophical writings regarding the phenomenology of aesthetic experience and also draws on Merleau-Ponty, Heidegger, interpreted by Benson and Ford, together with Schutz. These philosophers provide tools for understanding musical experience from a bodily, existential, and sociological perspective, and their complementary ideas about being and learning can be applied to musical experience in the first case and secondly its influences for music educational praxis. Firstly, the concept of lived music is defined through a discussion of dimensions of musical experience; the phenomenology of aesthetic experience; the use of several senses; the heard and the hear-able; apperception; and musical dwelling. Then, the sharing of experience in musical dwelling and its relevance to the concept of imagination is highlighted. I will also emphasize the importance of the view of human beings as holistic bodily subjects. Finally, the article includes a discussion regarding the implications of a life-world-phenomenological view of musical experience to music education.

Continuous frequency and phase spectrograms: a study of their 2D and 3D capabilities and application to musical signal analysis

A new lighting and enlargement on phase spectrogram （PS） and frequency spectrogram （FS） is presented in this paper. These representations result from the coupling of power spectrogram and short time Fourier transform （STFT）. The main contribution is the construction of the 3D phase spectrogram （3DPS） and the 3D frequency spectrogram （3DFS）. These new tools allow such specific test signals as small slope linear chirp, phase jump case of musical signal analysis is reported. The main objective is to and small frequency jump to be analyzed. An application detect small frequency and phase variations in order to characterize each type of sound attack without losing the amplitude information given by power spectrogram

Introduction to Traditional Chinese Therapeutic Musical Compact Disc

The therapeutic musical compact disc designed by experts of traditional Chinese medicine, traditional Chinese music and traditional Qigong according to traditional medical theories of "Correspondence between Man and Universe", "The Harmony of Heaven, Earth and Man", the 5-Note Effects on the Five Internal Organs in Regulating Seven Emotions (i.e, Five Expressions of Emotions: joy, anger, sorrow, anxiety and fear), and Generating-Restricting

EFFECTS OF MUSICAL MEDITATION TRAINING ON AUDITORY MISMATCH NEGATIVITY AND P300 IN NORMAL CHILDREN

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Music as a Modus of Accomplishing Epochē: Four Theses on Musical Phenomenology In memory of Dimitar Zashev (1948-2018) and Andrey Leskov (1960-2020)—two Bulgarian philosophers who left indelible marks in the study of phenomenology

How can music be a modus of accomplishing what Husserl calls“a radical,skeptical epochē”,that is,a way of refraining from judgment about all that is to be known?In order to answer the question,we have to first submit music itself to the act of epochē.This will allow us to get free from the widespread opinion that music is only an art,and to understand it in a broad sense,namely as a sphere of Being.This sphere is founded on the tone which,on its part,is thinkable not as an expression of the number(as in the Pythagorean tradition)or a medium for voicing,supplementing,or accompanying words,but as a primary essence enabling us to reach the truth of Being in a direct and immediate way.Hence,music provides an advantage for the one who chooses it as a way of accomplishing epochē.In providing immediate access to the truth of all thinkable things and of Being itself,it releases him from the necessity to cover any distance to it by passing through concepts,notions,and ideas in relation to which he is required to exercise the discipline of epochē.

Musical Urbanism between Radicalism and Tradition： A Reflection on the Architectural Discourse of the 1920s

In the aftermath of the First World War, various compositions emerged that explored the phenomenon of the modem city by translating the clamorous sounds of urban environments and reflecting them artistically in the medium of music. With the rendering of poetic and esoteric moods unrelated to practical life considered outdated, musical preoccupation with modem architecture mostly concemed social aspects, such as people＇s circumstances, their emotional rootedness to bygone conditions and the search for orientation in an environment characterized by technology. There is a parallel here with contemporary architectural debates in which tension between modernism and traditionalism also played a key role.

True Artists at Current Era——Alan Liu, CEO of AXL Musical Instruments Co., Ltd.

Links Alan Liu graduated from Shanghai Conservatory of Music.During his college years,he specialized in flute playing and also studied composition theory.In 1986,he went to the U.S.and studied at the School of Music at Dominican University to study musical composition.As graduate student of musical theory,Alan Liu developed strong interests in Blues,Country,Folk,Bluegrass and Jazz music.From 1986 to 1990,he spent a lot of time

Portrayal of＂Oud＂ Musical Instrument in Creative Work of Alisher Navoi

The Oud is a pear-shaped stringed instrument with 11 ＇or 13 strings grouped in 5 or 6 courses, commonly used in Persian, Arabic, Greek, Turkish, Jewish, Byzantine, Azerbaijani, Armenian, North African and Middle Eastern music. Oud had been widely popular before 17th century among society, and it provided moral and spiritual nourishment. This musical instrument was created by singer Borbad who lived in the period of Khisrav Parviz who was Sosoniy King and it was in the novel of ＂Khisrav and Shirin＂ （Nizami Ganjavi）. Oud was also described in Kitab al-Musiqa al-Kabir （The Book of Music） by Farabi. Moreover, Alishir Navoi showed the connection of the science of music with spiritual world in verses of his priceless heritage. The poet assessed the sound features of the musical instruments in his book Mahbub ul-Qulub. Additionally he has written, ＂While the sound of Chang （struck zither） is torturing, sound of Oud is more touching.＂ Sometimes Navoi used the Oud in musician＇s hands as an artistic image in order to illustrate his torture to reader. He described his condition very vividly and skillfully. This is probably because Oud has unique wail, which cannot be heard in any other instruments.