Continuous frequency and phase spectrograms: a study of their 2D and 3D capabilities and application to musical signal analysis

A new lighting and enlargement on phase spectrogram （PS） and frequency spectrogram （FS） is presented in this paper. These representations result from the coupling of power spectrogram and short time Fourier transform （STFT）. The main contribution is the construction of the 3D phase spectrogram （3DPS） and the 3D frequency spectrogram （3DFS）. These new tools allow such specific test signals as small slope linear chirp, phase jump case of musical signal analysis is reported. The main objective is to and small frequency jump to be analyzed. An application detect small frequency and phase variations in order to characterize each type of sound attack without losing the amplitude information given by power spectrogram

Blind channel estimation for multiple antenna OFDM system subject to unknown carrier frequency offset

The problem of channel estimation for multiple an- tenna orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） systems subject to unknown carrier frequency offset （CFO） is addressed. Multiple signal classification （MUSIC）-Iike algorithm, which generally has been used for direction estimation or frequency estimation, is used for channel estimation in multiple antenna OFDM systems. A reduced dimensional （RD）-MUSIC based algorithm for channel estimation is proposed in multiple antenna OFDM systems with unknown CFO. The Cramer-Rao bound （CRB） of channel estimation in multiple antenna OFDM systems with unknown CFO is derived. The proposed algorithm has a superior performance of channel estimation compared with the Capon method and the least squares method.

ISAR cross-range scaling based on the MUSIC technique

Cross-range scaling plays an important role in the inverse synthetic aperture radar(ISAR) imaging. Many of the published cross-range scaling algorithms are based on the fast Fourier transformation(FFT). However, the FFT technique is resolution limited, so that the FFT-based algorithms will fail in the rotation velocity(RV) estimation of the slow rotation target. In this paper,we propose an accurate cross-range scaling algorithm based on the multiple signal classification(MUSIC) method. We first select some range bins with the mono-component linear frequency modulated(LFM) signal model. Then, we dechirp the signal of each selected range bin into the form of sinusoidal signal, and utilize the super-resolution MUSIC technique to accurately estimate the frequency. After processing all the range bins, a linear relationship related to the RV can be obtained. Eventually, the ISAR image can be scaled. The proposal can precisely estimate the small RV of the slow rotation target with low computational complexity. Furthermore, the proposal can also be used in the case of cross-range scaling for the sparse aperture data. Experimental results with the simulated and raw data validate the superiority of the novel method.

FAST MUSIC SPECTRUM PEAK SEARCH VIA METROPOLIS-HASTINGS SAMPLER

A fast MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) spectrum peak search algorithm is devised, which regards the power of the MUSIC spectrum function as target distribution up to a constant of proportionality, and uses Metropolis-Hastings (MH) sampler, one of the most popular Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques, to sample from it. The proposed method reduces greatly the tremendous computation and storage costs in conventional MUSIC techniques i.e., about two and four orders of magnitude in computation and storage costs under the conditions of the experiment in the paper respectively.

Efficient hybrid method for time reversal superresolution imaging

An efficient hybrid time reversal（TR） imaging method based on signal subspace and noise subspace is proposed for electromagnetic superresolution detecting and imaging. First, the locations of targets are estimated by the transmitting-mode decomposition of the TR operator（DORT） method employing the signal subspace. Then, the TR multiple signal classification（TR-MUSIC）method employing the noise subspace is used in the estimated target area to get the superresolution imaging of targets. Two examples with homogeneous and inhomogeneous background mediums are considered, respectively. The results show that the proposed hybrid method has advantages in CPU time and memory cost because of the combination of rough and fine imaging.

ESTIMATION OF 2-D DOA USING NON-CIRCULAR MUSIC METHOD FOR UNIFORM CIRCULAR AND RECTANGULAR ARRAYS

This paper extends the Non-Circular MUltiple SIgnal Classification(MUSIC)(NC-MUSIC) method for the common array geometries including Uniform Circular Arrays(UCAs) and Uniform Rectangular Arrays(URAs),which enables the algorithm to estimate 2-D Direction Of Arrival(DOA).A comparison between UCAs and URAs of NC-MUSIC is made in this paper.The simulations show that the NC-MUSIC method doubles the maximum estimation number of standard MUSIC.Using non-circular signals,the performance of URAs is improved remarkably while the improvement of UCAs is not so significantly.Moreover,the influence of arrays structures on the NC-MUSIC method is discussed.

A Time-Frequency Associated MUSIC Algorithm Research on Human Target Detection by Through-Wall Radar

In this paper,a time-frequency associated multiple signal classification(MUSIC)al-gorithm which is suitable for through-wall detection is proposed.The technology of detecting hu-man targets by through-wall radar can be used to monitor the status and the location information of human targets behind the wall.However,the detection is out of order when classical MUSIC al-gorithm is applied to estimate the direction of arrival.In order to solve the problem,a time-fre-quency associated MUSIC algorithm suitable for through-wall detection and based on S-band stepped frequency continuous wave(SFCW)radar is researched.By associating inverse fast Fouri-er transform(IFFT)algorithm with MUSIC algorithm,the power enhancement of the target sig-nal is completed according to the distance calculation results in the time domain.Then convert the signal to the frequency domain for direction of arrival(DOA)estimation.The simulations of two-dimensional human target detection in free space and the processing of measured data are com-pleted.By comparing the processing results of the two algorithms on the measured data,accuracy of DOA estimation of proposed algorithm is more than 75%,which is 50%higher than classical MUSIC algorithm.It is verified that the distance and angle of human target can be effectively de-tected via proposed algorithm.

Fast BSC-based algorithm for near-field signal localization via uniform circular array

In this paper,we propose a beam space coversion(BSC)-based approach to achieve a single near-field signal local-ization under uniform circular array(UCA).By employing the centro-symmetric geometry of UCA,we apply BSC to extract the two-dimensional(2-D)angles of near-field signal in the Van-dermonde form,which allows for azimuth and elevation angle estimation by utilizing the improved estimation of signal para-meters via rotational invariance techniques(ESPRIT)algorithm.By substituting the calculated 2-D angles into the direction vec-tor of near-field signal,the range parameter can be conse-quently obtained by the 1-D multiple signal classification(MU-SIC)method.Simulations demonstrate that the proposed al-gorithm can achieve a single near-field signal localization,which can provide satisfactory performance and reduce computational complexity.

Joint DOA and polarization estimation for unequal power sources based on reconstructed noise subspace

In most literature about joint direction of arrival（DOA） and polarization estimation, the case that sources possess different power levels is seldom discussed. However, this case exists widely in practical applications, especially in passive radar systems. In this paper, we propose a joint DOA and polarization estimation method for unequal power sources based on the reconstructed noise subspace. The invariance property of noise subspace（IPNS） to power of sources has been proved an effective method to estimate DOA of unequal power sources. We develop the IPNS method for joint DOA and polarization estimation based on a dual polarized array. Moreover, we propose an improved IPNS method based on the reconstructed noise subspace, which has higher resolution probability than the IPNS method. It is theoretically proved that the IPNS to power of sources is still valid when the eigenvalues of the noise subspace are changed artificially. Simulation results show that the resolution probability of the proposed method is enhanced compared with the methods based on the IPNS and the polarimetric multiple signal classification（MUSIC） method. Meanwhile, the proposed method has approximately the same estimation accuracy as the IPNS method for the weak source.

A New Calibration Method for Microphone Array with Gain, Phase, and Position Errors

Microphone array can be used in sound source localization and separation. But gain, phase, and position errors can seriously influence the performance of localization algorithms such as multiple signal classification （MUSIC） algorithm. In this paper, a new calibration method for microphone array with gain, phase, and position errors is proposed. Unlike traditional calibration methods for antenna array, the proposed method can be used in the broadband and near-field signal model such as microphone array with arbitrary sensor geometries in one plane. Computer simulations are presented and simulation results show the new method having good performance.

MUSIC-Based Pilot Decontamination and Channel Estimation in Multiuser Massive MIMO System

This paper addresses the problem of channel estimation in a multiuser multi-cell wireless communications system in which the base station(BS)is equipped with a very large number of antennas(also referred to as"massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)").We consider a time-division duplexing(TDD)scheme,in which reciprocity between the uplink and downlink channels can be assumed.Channel estimation is essential for downlink beamforming in massive MIMO,nevertheless,the pilot contamination effect hinders accurate channel estimation,which leads to overall performance degradation.Benefitted from the asymptotic orthogonality between signal and interference subspaces for non-overlapping angle-of arrivals(AOAs)in the large-scale antenna system,we propose a multiple signals classification(MUSIC)based channel estimation algorithm during the uplink transmission.Analytical and numerical results verify complete pilot decontamination and the effectiveness of the proposed channel estimation algorithm in the multiuser multi-cell massive MIMO system.

Real-Time Maqam Estimation Model in Max/MSP Configured for the Nāy

Automatic maqam estimation is considered significant toward improving multimedia live music performances and automatic accompaniment. This contribution proposed a real-time maqam estimation model developed in the visual programming language MAX/MSP and configured for the nāydukah. The model’s design stood on basic formulas of Arab music maqamat as explained in theory and applied in practice. The model consisted of different layers of competition;the first was for the identification of the instant tonic of the melodic figure, and the second was for the recognition of its identifying E (E, E half-flat and E flat). Those two competitions were used to estimate the maqam in real-time. Then, accumulated estimation results were used to estimate the maqam in longer durations;five-second and full duration. The model was evaluated using professionally performed nāy improvisations. Results reflected a success in estimating all the studied maqamat when the full improvisation was considered. In addition, results were very good for real-time and five-second estimation where average estimation confidence was 75.98% and 80.04%, respectively.

Radar-Based Multi-Target Localization and Vital Sign Monitoring

The frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar, known for its high range resolution, has garnered significant attention in the field of non-contact vital sign monitoring. However, accurately locating multiple targets and separating their vital sign signals remains a challenging research topic. This paper proposes a scene-differentiated method for multi-target localization and vital sign monitoring. The approach identifies the relative positions of multiple targets using Range FFT and determines the directions of targets via the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm. Phase signals within the range bins corresponding to the targets are separated using bandpass filtering. If multiple targets reside in the same range bin, the variational mode decomposition (VMD) algorithm is employed to decompose their breathing or heartbeat signals. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method accurately localizes targets. When multiple targets occupy the same range bin, the mean absolute error (MAE) for respiratory signals is 3 bpm, and the MAE for heartbeat signals is 5 bpm.

Parameter estimation for MIMO system based on MUSIC and ML methods

The frequency offset and channel gain estimation problem for multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)systems in the case of flat-fading channels is addressed.Based on the multiple signal classification(MUSIC)and the maximum likelihood(ML)methods,a new joint estimation algorithm of frequency offsets and channel gains is proposed.The new algorithm has three steps.A subset of frequency offsets is first estimated with the MUSIC algorithm.All frequency offsets in the subset are then identified with the ML method.Finally,channel gains are calculated with the ML estimator.The algorithm is a one-dimensional search scheme and therefore greatly decreases the complexity of joint ML estimation,which is essentially a multi-dimensional search scheme.