A new approach for isolation and identification of elecrtophilic mutagens from complex matrix was developed. Thiosulforfic anion was immobilized onto polystyrene beads and used as separation media. Potassium polystyry...A new approach for isolation and identification of elecrtophilic mutagens from complex matrix was developed. Thiosulforfic anion was immobilized onto polystyrene beads and used as separation media. Potassium polystyryl-thiosulfonate, prepared from polystyryl- sulfonyl chloride and KHS, was observed to selectively react with model electrophilic mutagens such as alkyl halides, ct-chloroketones and α-chloroesters to produce polystyryl-thiosulfonlc esters. After separation from other nonreactive organic compounds, the beads then reacted with ethanethiol to produce unsymmetrical ethyl disulfides which are easily detected by GC/MS. For one mutagenic compound, only one unsymmetrical disulfide was found to contain its structure part. Thus, the structure of the parent mutagens could be deduced from that of the unsymmetrical disulfides. The degree of functionalization of the potassium polystyryl-thiosulfonate resin was 1.11 mmol/g. Its reactivity was discussed and its recycling method was reported here.展开更多
Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb.)Hook),a fast-growing and economically important timber tree species in China,is widely used in construction,furniture,and paper manufacture but has a long breeding cycle.Chemi...Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb.)Hook),a fast-growing and economically important timber tree species in China,is widely used in construction,furniture,and paper manufacture but has a long breeding cycle.Chemical mutagens,such as ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)and sodium azide(SA),are widely used in crops such as rice,wheat,cotton,soybean and sugarcane but their utility for tree breeding is unknown.In this study we examined the effects of EMS and S A on Chinese fir seed germination and growth.Chinese fir seeds were treated with the two chemical mutagens;were planted in Jiangle County,Fujian Province,China;and their heights were measured from 2011 to2017.The concentrations and durations of treatment with the two chemical mutagens were significantly associated with the Chinese fir seedling and mortality rates,as well as with the heights of trees from the seedling stage to 3 years old.We also generated 127 mutants with abnormal branches and reproductive growth.We report here the effects of two chemical mutagens on Chinese fir breeding;our data will contribute to knowledge of the utility of EMS and SA in forestry.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the antimutagenicity of propolis in vivo and in vitro. Methods Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 were used as a test model in vitro against a direct mutagen DMC and an indirect muta...Objective To evaluate the antimutagenicity of propolis in vivo and in vitro. Methods Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 were used as a test model in vitro against a direct mutagen DMC and an indirect mutagen 2AF with or without S9 mix, and MN formation of mice bone marrow cell and CAs induction of mice testicle cell were applied as a test model in vivo against two mutagens CP and MMC. Results The present study clearly demonstrated that propolis could inhibit mutagenicity of both DMC and 2AF directly in a dose-dependent manner, and significant antimutagenic effects (P<0.05) were obtained in TA98 strain at 2000 and 3000 mg/plate. It also could inhibit mutagenicity of both DMC and 2AF to TA98 strain in a dose-dependent manner, with significant antimutagenic effects (P<0.05) appeared at 1000, 2000, and 3000 mg/plate. The results of antimutagenicity test in vivo revealed that propolis could inhibit MN formation significantly (P<0.05) at the doses of 45.0 and 135.0 mg/kg b. w., and decrease the frequency of chromosome aberrants and chromosome aberrant cells significantly (P<0.05) only at the dose of 135.0 mg/kg b. w. Conclusion The propolis is a good inhibitor for mutagencity of DMC and 2AF in vitro, as well as for CP and MMC in vivo.展开更多
It was found that the DNA-damaging agents N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine（MNNG）,methyl-methanesulphonate（MMS）and 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide（4NQO）could stimulate ADP-ribosyl transferase（ADPRT）activity and r...It was found that the DNA-damaging agents N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine（MNNG）,methyl-methanesulphonate（MMS）and 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide（4NQO）could stimulate ADP-ribosyl transferase（ADPRT）activity and reduce the cellular NAD content in a dose-dependent way.The reduction of NAD after DNA damage could be partially or completelyprevented by ADPRT inhibitors,3-aminobenzamide or nicotinamide,which showed noinfluence on reduction of NAD induced by metabolic blocking agents.Therefore,a simpleand specific method to detect DNA-damaging mutagens by measuring ADPRT-mediateddecrease of cellular NAD content was explored.Using β-naphthofiavone,a mixed functionoxygenase inducer,together with induced or uninduced human amnion FL cells,it was foundthat aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub>,benzo（a）pyrene,2-acetylaminofluorene,9,10-dimethylanthracene andethylcarbamate could induce the ADPRT-mediated decrease of cellular NAD content,while4-acetylaminofluorene,anthracene,isopropyl-N-（3-chlorophenyl）-carbamate,β-propiolactone,γ-butyrolactone,cyclophosphamide and safrol could not.The results indicate that this isa cheap and specific method to detect DNA damage caused by chemical carcinogens/mutagenswith a spccificity approaching that of the unscheduled DNA synthesis assay.展开更多
Potential mutagenic impurities in Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient, Meropenem Trihydrate were assessed and a novel analytical method for their quantification was developed and validated. This Liquid Chromatographic me...Potential mutagenic impurities in Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient, Meropenem Trihydrate were assessed and a novel analytical method for their quantification was developed and validated. This Liquid Chromatographic method using High Resolution Mass Spectrometer (LC-HRMS) technique is proved to be suitable for simultaneous quantification of all ten identified impurities with required specificity, sensitivity, resolution, precision, accuracy, and other method characteristics as per ICH Guidelines. The acceptable limit of less than 2.9 μg/g was considered for evaluations, based on drug substance dosage and duration of treatment. The method stands most sensitive with a Limit of Detection of 0.35 μg/g, considering the challenge full acceptance criteria as per current regulatory standards.展开更多
The physicochemical properties and composition of coix seed oil produced by Monascus purpureus fermentation and supercritical CO_(2)extraction were determined.Anti-lipid-oxidation and edible safety were evaluated usin...The physicochemical properties and composition of coix seed oil produced by Monascus purpureus fermentation and supercritical CO_(2)extraction were determined.Anti-lipid-oxidation and edible safety were evaluated using a cholesterol-fish oil model,acute oral toxicity assay,and genetic toxicity assay in vitro and in vivo,respectively.The results show that the extraction oil from fermented coix seed(FCS-O)had good physicochemical quality and abundant active components with physiological function.In particular,γ-tocotrienol,γ-oryzanol,coixenolide and oleic acid concentrations reached 72.83μg/g,745.96μg/g,9.65 mg/g and 316.58 mg/100 g DW,respectively.The FCS-O exhibited higher antioxidant capability in inhibiting lipid oxidation and peroxidation.Compared to the blank control,the concentrations of 7-ketocholestreol and peroxide only were 8.42μg/mL and 16.16 mmol/kg at 168 h of oxidation(P<0.01).In addition,the FCS-O has been confirmed to be a very safe edible oil,with no acute toxicity(LD50>10 g/kg bw,considered actually non-toxic)and no induced mutagenicity,cytotoxicity or genotoxicity.These results serve as a good safety reference for future application of the oil from fermented coix seed.The development and utilization of this kind of oil will be beneficial as a food,food ingredient,nutritional supplement,or natural food antioxidant to promote good health function.展开更多
[Objective] The study aimed to understand the mutagenic effects of space flight on alfalfa seeds.[Method] Seeds of three lines of alfalfa were carried into orbit by the satellite 'Shijian-8' for space fight,th...[Objective] The study aimed to understand the mutagenic effects of space flight on alfalfa seeds.[Method] Seeds of three lines of alfalfa were carried into orbit by the satellite 'Shijian-8' for space fight,the indices including seed germination rate,plant height and growth rate,were measured after the seeds been retrieved.[Result] Remarkable mutagenic effects occurred on the flight seeds,which were mainly presented by abnormal cotyledon,extended variation range of plant height and growth rate.Nineteen plants with increased plant height were preliminarily screened from the T0 progenies,but whether the mutated trait could inherit should be confirmed in further study.Three flight lines of alfalfa are different in the percentages of abnormal cotyledon(10%-18%),variation range of plant height(increased 30%-150% compared to control),selected plant number with increased plant height(5-7 plants),suggesting that differences exits between the three lines in mutation efficiency.[Conclusion] Valuable mutated materials could be obtained by space flight and applied in modern agriculture.展开更多
“老来福”SOD 口服液是以天然植物为原料研制的一种新型抗衰老保健药,其主要成份为超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),刺梨多糖,维生素 C 及多种微量元素。本品主要适用于机体衰老引起的各种机能失调,具有增强人体免疫力,降低体内脂质过氧化物(LPO)...“老来福”SOD 口服液是以天然植物为原料研制的一种新型抗衰老保健药,其主要成份为超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),刺梨多糖,维生素 C 及多种微量元素。本品主要适用于机体衰老引起的各种机能失调,具有增强人体免疫力,降低体内脂质过氧化物(LPO)的含量,阻断致癌物 N—亚硝基化合物体内合成等作用。急性毒性及长期毒性试验证明本品为无毒物质。展开更多
Edible oils-rapeseed oil, soybean oil and peanut oil are heated in air at 270-280 ℃respectively. The volatile condensates are collected and analyzed by means of GC/MS. Eithercrotonaldehyde or 2-methylacrolein is foun...Edible oils-rapeseed oil, soybean oil and peanut oil are heated in air at 270-280 ℃respectively. The volatile condensates are collected and analyzed by means of GC/MS. Eithercrotonaldehyde or 2-methylacrolein is found respectively in the condensates of rapeseed oil andsoybean oil. Neither crotonaldehyde nor 2-methylacrolein is found in the condensates of peanut oil.Mechanism of formation of crotonaldehyde is discussed.展开更多
The experiment was conducted to study the mutagenic effects of space environment on seedling growth in M1 generation and plant height and heading date in M2 generation in rice. Two types of lines of growth promotion ...The experiment was conducted to study the mutagenic effects of space environment on seedling growth in M1 generation and plant height and heading date in M2 generation in rice. Two types of lines of growth promotion （GP） and growth suppression （GS） were selected from the recombinant inbred lines （RILs） derived from a cross between a sensitive japonica Lemont and a nonsensitive indica Teqing to compare the mutation frequency and mutagenic efficiency for plant height and heading date in the M2 generation. Space environment resulted in 34.9% higher seedling height （SH） in the GP group than in the control, and 39.1% lower in the GS group than in the control, and there was no difference in seed fertility （SF） between the two groups. In M2, mutants of plant height and heading date can be induced by space treatment in both the two groups with lower mutation frequency and mutagenic efficiency in the GP group than in the GS group. There were no significant differences in the physiological damages in M1 between the two groups after γ-rays irradiation treatment. Mutation frequency and mutagenic efficiency of heading date in M2 were higher in the GS group than in the GP group, and the opposite was true for mutagenic efficiency of plant height although the mutation frequency varied between the two groups. The mutation frequencies of plant height and heading date induced by space environment were obviously lower than those by γ-rays irradiation, but the mutagenic efficiency was the opposite for most of the traits. For the GP and GS of seedlings induced by space environment, the GS had higher mutation frequency and mutagenic efficiency for plant height and heading date than the GP in M2.展开更多
文摘A new approach for isolation and identification of elecrtophilic mutagens from complex matrix was developed. Thiosulforfic anion was immobilized onto polystyrene beads and used as separation media. Potassium polystyryl-thiosulfonate, prepared from polystyryl- sulfonyl chloride and KHS, was observed to selectively react with model electrophilic mutagens such as alkyl halides, ct-chloroketones and α-chloroesters to produce polystyryl-thiosulfonlc esters. After separation from other nonreactive organic compounds, the beads then reacted with ethanethiol to produce unsymmetrical ethyl disulfides which are easily detected by GC/MS. For one mutagenic compound, only one unsymmetrical disulfide was found to contain its structure part. Thus, the structure of the parent mutagens could be deduced from that of the unsymmetrical disulfides. The degree of functionalization of the potassium polystyryl-thiosulfonate resin was 1.11 mmol/g. Its reactivity was discussed and its recycling method was reported here.
基金supported by grants from the Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project(2016B020201002)the Science and Technology Research Project of Beijing Forestry University(2018WS01)+2 种基金the Research and Development Project of Beijing Forestry University(2016BLPX13)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31700581)the Key Project of the National Forestry Bureau(2012–06)。
文摘Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb.)Hook),a fast-growing and economically important timber tree species in China,is widely used in construction,furniture,and paper manufacture but has a long breeding cycle.Chemical mutagens,such as ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)and sodium azide(SA),are widely used in crops such as rice,wheat,cotton,soybean and sugarcane but their utility for tree breeding is unknown.In this study we examined the effects of EMS and S A on Chinese fir seed germination and growth.Chinese fir seeds were treated with the two chemical mutagens;were planted in Jiangle County,Fujian Province,China;and their heights were measured from 2011 to2017.The concentrations and durations of treatment with the two chemical mutagens were significantly associated with the Chinese fir seedling and mortality rates,as well as with the heights of trees from the seedling stage to 3 years old.We also generated 127 mutants with abnormal branches and reproductive growth.We report here the effects of two chemical mutagens on Chinese fir breeding;our data will contribute to knowledge of the utility of EMS and SA in forestry.
文摘Objective To evaluate the antimutagenicity of propolis in vivo and in vitro. Methods Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 were used as a test model in vitro against a direct mutagen DMC and an indirect mutagen 2AF with or without S9 mix, and MN formation of mice bone marrow cell and CAs induction of mice testicle cell were applied as a test model in vivo against two mutagens CP and MMC. Results The present study clearly demonstrated that propolis could inhibit mutagenicity of both DMC and 2AF directly in a dose-dependent manner, and significant antimutagenic effects (P<0.05) were obtained in TA98 strain at 2000 and 3000 mg/plate. It also could inhibit mutagenicity of both DMC and 2AF to TA98 strain in a dose-dependent manner, with significant antimutagenic effects (P<0.05) appeared at 1000, 2000, and 3000 mg/plate. The results of antimutagenicity test in vivo revealed that propolis could inhibit MN formation significantly (P<0.05) at the doses of 45.0 and 135.0 mg/kg b. w., and decrease the frequency of chromosome aberrants and chromosome aberrant cells significantly (P<0.05) only at the dose of 135.0 mg/kg b. w. Conclusion The propolis is a good inhibitor for mutagencity of DMC and 2AF in vitro, as well as for CP and MMC in vivo.
文摘It was found that the DNA-damaging agents N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine（MNNG）,methyl-methanesulphonate（MMS）and 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide（4NQO）could stimulate ADP-ribosyl transferase（ADPRT）activity and reduce the cellular NAD content in a dose-dependent way.The reduction of NAD after DNA damage could be partially or completelyprevented by ADPRT inhibitors,3-aminobenzamide or nicotinamide,which showed noinfluence on reduction of NAD induced by metabolic blocking agents.Therefore,a simpleand specific method to detect DNA-damaging mutagens by measuring ADPRT-mediateddecrease of cellular NAD content was explored.Using β-naphthofiavone,a mixed functionoxygenase inducer,together with induced or uninduced human amnion FL cells,it was foundthat aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub>,benzo（a）pyrene,2-acetylaminofluorene,9,10-dimethylanthracene andethylcarbamate could induce the ADPRT-mediated decrease of cellular NAD content,while4-acetylaminofluorene,anthracene,isopropyl-N-（3-chlorophenyl）-carbamate,β-propiolactone,γ-butyrolactone,cyclophosphamide and safrol could not.The results indicate that this isa cheap and specific method to detect DNA damage caused by chemical carcinogens/mutagenswith a spccificity approaching that of the unscheduled DNA synthesis assay.
文摘Potential mutagenic impurities in Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient, Meropenem Trihydrate were assessed and a novel analytical method for their quantification was developed and validated. This Liquid Chromatographic method using High Resolution Mass Spectrometer (LC-HRMS) technique is proved to be suitable for simultaneous quantification of all ten identified impurities with required specificity, sensitivity, resolution, precision, accuracy, and other method characteristics as per ICH Guidelines. The acceptable limit of less than 2.9 μg/g was considered for evaluations, based on drug substance dosage and duration of treatment. The method stands most sensitive with a Limit of Detection of 0.35 μg/g, considering the challenge full acceptance criteria as per current regulatory standards.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(32260583)the Agriculture Committee of Guizhou Province[(2017)106&(2018)81]the Talent Introduction Program of Guizhou University[(2021)76].
文摘The physicochemical properties and composition of coix seed oil produced by Monascus purpureus fermentation and supercritical CO_(2)extraction were determined.Anti-lipid-oxidation and edible safety were evaluated using a cholesterol-fish oil model,acute oral toxicity assay,and genetic toxicity assay in vitro and in vivo,respectively.The results show that the extraction oil from fermented coix seed(FCS-O)had good physicochemical quality and abundant active components with physiological function.In particular,γ-tocotrienol,γ-oryzanol,coixenolide and oleic acid concentrations reached 72.83μg/g,745.96μg/g,9.65 mg/g and 316.58 mg/100 g DW,respectively.The FCS-O exhibited higher antioxidant capability in inhibiting lipid oxidation and peroxidation.Compared to the blank control,the concentrations of 7-ketocholestreol and peroxide only were 8.42μg/mL and 16.16 mmol/kg at 168 h of oxidation(P<0.01).In addition,the FCS-O has been confirmed to be a very safe edible oil,with no acute toxicity(LD50>10 g/kg bw,considered actually non-toxic)and no induced mutagenicity,cytotoxicity or genotoxicity.These results serve as a good safety reference for future application of the oil from fermented coix seed.The development and utilization of this kind of oil will be beneficial as a food,food ingredient,nutritional supplement,or natural food antioxidant to promote good health function.
基金Supported by Special Fund on Fundamental Scientific Research as Operating Expenses among Commonweal Scientific Research Institutions at Na-tional Level(Grassland Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultur-al Sciences)National Key Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs Funded by Ministry of Science & Technology of China(2008BADB3B04)~~
文摘[Objective] The study aimed to understand the mutagenic effects of space flight on alfalfa seeds.[Method] Seeds of three lines of alfalfa were carried into orbit by the satellite 'Shijian-8' for space fight,the indices including seed germination rate,plant height and growth rate,were measured after the seeds been retrieved.[Result] Remarkable mutagenic effects occurred on the flight seeds,which were mainly presented by abnormal cotyledon,extended variation range of plant height and growth rate.Nineteen plants with increased plant height were preliminarily screened from the T0 progenies,but whether the mutated trait could inherit should be confirmed in further study.Three flight lines of alfalfa are different in the percentages of abnormal cotyledon(10%-18%),variation range of plant height(increased 30%-150% compared to control),selected plant number with increased plant height(5-7 plants),suggesting that differences exits between the three lines in mutation efficiency.[Conclusion] Valuable mutated materials could be obtained by space flight and applied in modern agriculture.
文摘“老来福”SOD 口服液是以天然植物为原料研制的一种新型抗衰老保健药,其主要成份为超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),刺梨多糖,维生素 C 及多种微量元素。本品主要适用于机体衰老引起的各种机能失调,具有增强人体免疫力,降低体内脂质过氧化物(LPO)的含量,阻断致癌物 N—亚硝基化合物体内合成等作用。急性毒性及长期毒性试验证明本品为无毒物质。
文摘Edible oils-rapeseed oil, soybean oil and peanut oil are heated in air at 270-280 ℃respectively. The volatile condensates are collected and analyzed by means of GC/MS. Eithercrotonaldehyde or 2-methylacrolein is found respectively in the condensates of rapeseed oil andsoybean oil. Neither crotonaldehyde nor 2-methylacrolein is found in the condensates of peanut oil.Mechanism of formation of crotonaldehyde is discussed.
文摘The experiment was conducted to study the mutagenic effects of space environment on seedling growth in M1 generation and plant height and heading date in M2 generation in rice. Two types of lines of growth promotion （GP） and growth suppression （GS） were selected from the recombinant inbred lines （RILs） derived from a cross between a sensitive japonica Lemont and a nonsensitive indica Teqing to compare the mutation frequency and mutagenic efficiency for plant height and heading date in the M2 generation. Space environment resulted in 34.9% higher seedling height （SH） in the GP group than in the control, and 39.1% lower in the GS group than in the control, and there was no difference in seed fertility （SF） between the two groups. In M2, mutants of plant height and heading date can be induced by space treatment in both the two groups with lower mutation frequency and mutagenic efficiency in the GP group than in the GS group. There were no significant differences in the physiological damages in M1 between the two groups after γ-rays irradiation treatment. Mutation frequency and mutagenic efficiency of heading date in M2 were higher in the GS group than in the GP group, and the opposite was true for mutagenic efficiency of plant height although the mutation frequency varied between the two groups. The mutation frequencies of plant height and heading date induced by space environment were obviously lower than those by γ-rays irradiation, but the mutagenic efficiency was the opposite for most of the traits. For the GP and GS of seedlings induced by space environment, the GS had higher mutation frequency and mutagenic efficiency for plant height and heading date than the GP in M2.
