Complementary Food Situation in Sierra Leone: Nutritional Problems and Possible Strategies—A Review

Low nutrient density and bulkiness of complementary foods, early introduction of solid foods, and unhygienic practices during weaning stage of a child predispose infants to malnutrition, growth retardation, infection and high mortality. In most West African countries, especially in Sierra Leone, the use of a variety of home-made complementary foods prepared from locally grown foodstuffs during the weaning process is popular, with products traditionally known as pap (mesh rice water) fofo from cassava, ogi, gari, akamu and couscous. Sierra Leone is one of the countries in West Africa that has been reported to have a challenging situation with regards to complementary foods, and little effort has so far been done to improve the situation. Despite these challenges, very little work has been directed towards the development of complementary foods using local foodstuffs as practiced in some other African countries. This situation has serious impact on the lives of infants in Sierra Leone, thus increasing the rate of mortality in the country. Complementary food situation in Sierra Leone was reviewed in terms of the past and present practices as well as the types of complementary foods used in Sierra Leone. Thus, the objective of this review was to discuss the complementary food situation in Sierra Leone: Nutritional problems and possible strategies. Formulation of high nutritive value home-made complementary foods in the country was recommended using traditional food processing techniques such as fermentation and germination, since these methods are simple, and could easily be employed at household and community levels without the use of sophisticated machinery. Nonetheless, it was recently reported that a product from the orange-flesh sweet potato could address the issue of complementary food in the country as it is easy to prepare, and the products are easily available in the rural area and even urban settings. Other recommendations made include: community nutrition education, the development of weaning recipe book, reduction in the workload of the suckling mother, promotion of breastfeeding and increased maternity leave period, which were suggested to be the most immediate possible strategies for the problems highlighted.

Complementary memtransistors for neuromorphic computing: How, what and why

Memtransistors in which the source-drain channel conductance can be nonvolatilely manipulated through the gate signals have emerged as promising components for implementing neuromorphic computing.On the other side,it is known that the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS)field effect transistors have played the fundamental role in the modern integrated circuit technology.Therefore,will complementary memtransistors(CMT)also play such a role in the future neuromorphic circuits and chips?In this review,various types of materials and physical mechanisms for constructing CMT(how)are inspected with their merits and need-to-address challenges discussed.Then the unique properties(what)and poten-tial applications of CMT in different learning algorithms/scenarios of spiking neural networks(why)are reviewed,including super-vised rule,reinforcement one,dynamic vision with in-sensor computing,etc.Through exploiting the complementary structure-related novel functions,significant reduction of hardware consuming,enhancement of energy/efficiency ratio and other advan-tages have been gained,illustrating the alluring prospect of design technology co-optimization(DTCO)of CMT towards neuro-morphic computing.

Use of Topical Complementary and Alternative Medicines (CAM) in Diabetic Septic Foot Disease in Makkah Region, Western of Saudi Arabia, an Exploratory Study

Diabetes is a chronic condition that is significantly impacted daily by environment. At least one in five Saudis, suffer from diabetes. “Diabetes is a pandemic of unprecedented magnitude spiraling out of control” (Boulton). Saudi Arabia ranks the second highest in the Middle East, and is the seventh in the world for the prevalence of diabetes (WHO). Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been found to be related to high mortality, morbidity accompanied by poor general health and lower quality of life. Current Saudi diabetes patients’ behaviors, practices, and beliefs regarding foot health problems such as ulcers, are not well investigated. Diabetic patients frequently utilize natural remedies and Herbs for self-medication as a part of complementary and alternative Medicine. Aim of study: To explore the widespread use of the alternative remedies in the local communities of the Western Saudi Arabia, the drives behind using and to focus on the potential adverse effects following their usage. Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional study of 386 diabetic patients with feet problems in Makkah Region, West of Saudi Arabia during the period April - June 2023. Results: Out of the 531 participants, only 386 participants reported diabetic foot disorder (DFD). Most of the participant were above 65 years of age group (24.61 %). Male (52.08%) more than female (47.92%) in the research group. All of the participants had diabetic foot disorders at least once. The prevalence of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) use among them was 67.88%, as solitary or in combination with hospital medicines. Honey headed the list followed by myrrh and black seeds. Acquaintances advice (59.54%) was the most reason for using the alternative medicine. 60.30% of Diabetic foot patient complained of adverse effects during CAM remedies use. Conclusion: Consumption of CAM remedies among diabetic patients for Diabetic Foot Disorder (DFD) is common. Honey headed the list followed by myrrh and black seeds. Additional wide-scale research is required to establish their actual efficacy, safety and potential adverse out-comes and to generalize the outcomes.

China-ASEAN Energy Cooperation China and ASEAN countries are poised for long-term energy cooperation as complementary needs continue to rise

Cambodia,funded and developed by China National Heavy Machinery Corporation(CHMC).This project has an installed capacity of 150 MW.Having completed its water storage in 2023,the plant,once operational,will provide Cambodia with a stable power supply.Moreover,CHMC has signed a Memorandum of Understanding to develop the 1,000 MW Upper Stung Tatay Pumped Storage Power Station-a key project,and the signing was witnessed by leaders of both countries.It will serve as a critical reserve and regulating power source in Cambodia,laying a foundation for subsequent renewable energy development in the country.

Carbon efficiency evaluation method for urban energy system with multiple energy complementary

Urban energy systems(UESs)play a pivotal role in the consumption of clean energy and the promotion of energy cascade utilization.In the context of the construction and operation strategy of UESs with multiple complementary energy resources,a comprehensive assessment of the energy efficiency is of paramount importance.First,a multi-dimensional evaluation system with four primary indexes of energy utilization,environmental protection,system operation,and economic efficiency and 21 secondary indexes is constructed to comprehensively portray the UES.Considering that the evaluation system may contain a large number of indexes and that there is overlapping information among them,an energy efficiency evaluation method based on data processing,dimensionality reduction,integration of combined weights,and gray correlation analysis is proposed.This method can effectively reduce the number of calculations and improve the accuracy of energy efficiency assessments.Third,a demonstration project for a UES in China is presented.The energy efficiency of each scenario is assessed using six operational scenarios.The results show that Scenario 5,in which parks operate independently and investors build shared energy-storage equipment,has the best results and is best suited for green and low-carbon development.The results of the comparative assessment methods show that the proposed method provides a good energy efficiency assessment.This study provides a reference for the optimal planning,construction,and operation of UESs with multiple energy sources.

Nutrition Guidelines of Complementary Feeding for Infants and Toddlers(WS/T 678—2020)

1 Scope This standard specifies the basic principles and age-specific guidance for complementary feeding, and requirements of complementary feeding preparation for the healthy full-term infants and toddlers from 6 to 24 months.This standard is applicable to nutritional guidance for complementary foods supplements for the infants and toddlers from 6 to 24 months.

Attitudes and understanding of complementary and alternative medicine in cancer care:An exploratory study of patients’perspectives in Karachi,Pakistan

Objective:To evaluate the prevalence and types of complementary and alternative medicine(CAM)modalities among patients with cancer in Karachi,Pakistan.Methods:This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2021 to December 2021.Five hundred patients with cancer were invited to participate in the study.Electronic databases,namely,Google scholar,Publons,EMBASE,PubMed,Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database,and ResearchGate was used for questionnaire designed.The self-administered survey included questions on demographic characteristics,education level,socio-economic conditions and information about CAM therapies,prevalence,effectiveness,and common CAM modalities.Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software version 22.Results:Out of the 500 invited patients,433(86.6%)successfully completed and returned the questionnaires.In contrast to patients who were with younger,highly educated,professionally active,higher income,and had advanced cancer,time since diagnosis,type of treatment,cancer types and family history are significantly associated with CAM use.The results showed that 59.8%of the participants were acquainted with complementary and/or alternative medicine and considered safe owing to its natural ingredients.The prevalence of CAM usage among cancer patients was 40.9%and the most widely used CAM modality was herbal medicine(27.7%)and dietary supplements(28.8%).Patients used CAM as a complementary therapy to improve the morphological parameter(28.2%),strengthen the immune system(6.8%),and to decrease the side effects of conventional treatment(18.1%).Most of the respondents get the information regarding CAM therapy from the electronic media(43.2%)and the family members(48%)rather than healthcare personnel.Conclusions:Participants used CAM modalities along with the conventional health care practices.Further multicentre studies should be conducted to provide information regarding the usage of CAM therapies and their eventual benefits in patients with cancer.

A complementary integrated Transformer network for hyperspectral image classification

In the past,convolutional neural network(CNN)has become one of the most popular deep learning frameworks,and has been widely used in Hyperspectral image classification tasks.Convolution(Conv)in CNN uses filter weights to extract features in local receiving domain,and the weight parameters are shared globally,which more focus on the highfrequency information of the image.Different from Conv,Transformer can obtain the long‐term dependence between long‐distance features through modelling,and adaptively focus on different regions.In addition,Transformer is considered as a low‐pass filter,which more focuses on the low‐frequency information of the image.Considering the complementary characteristics of Conv and Transformer,the two modes can be integrated for full feature extraction.In addition,the most important image features correspond to the discrimination region,while the secondary image features represent important but easily ignored regions,which are also conducive to the classification of HSIs.In this study,a complementary integrated Transformer network(CITNet)for hyperspectral image classification is proposed.Firstly,three‐dimensional convolution(Conv3D)and two‐dimensional convolution(Conv2D)are utilised to extract the shallow semantic information of the image.In order to enhance the secondary features,a channel Gaussian modulation attention module is proposed,which is embedded between Conv3D and Conv2D.This module can not only enhance secondary features,but suppress the most important and least important features.Then,considering the different and complementary characteristics of Conv and Transformer,a complementary integrated Transformer module is designed.Finally,through a large number of experiments,this study evaluates the classification performance of CITNet and several state‐of‐the‐art networks on five common datasets.The experimental results show that compared with these classification networks,CITNet can provide better classification performance.

Roles of conventional and complementary therapies in recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the fifth most common type of cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world.HCC has a reported recurrence rate of 70%-80%after 5 years of follow-up.Controlling tumor recurrence is the most critical factor associated with HCC mortality.Conventional salvage therapies for recurrent HCC include re-hepatectomy or liver transplantation,transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,Y-90,target therapy,and immunotherapy;however,these conventional treatment modalities have yet to achieve consistently favorable outcomes.Meanwhile,previous studies have demonstrated that conventional therapies in combination with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),acupuncture,moxibustion or dietary supplements could notably benefit patients with HCC recurrence by strengthening and augmenting the overall management strategy.However,systemic reviews related to the interactions between complementary therapies and conventional therapy in recurrent HCC are limited.In this review,we discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of complementary therapies for recurrent HCC,which include augmenting the local control to improve the congestion status of primary tumors and reducing multicentric tumor occurrence via inducing autophagy,apoptosis or cell cycle arrest.TCM and its derivatives may play important roles in helping to control HCC recurrence by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition,migration,invasion,and metastasis,inhibiting cancer stem cells,and ameliorating drug resistance.

PSO-BP-Based Optimal Allocation Model for Complementary Generation Capacity of the Photovoltaic Power Station

To improve the operation efficiency of the photovoltaic power station complementary power generation system,an optimal allocation model of the photovoltaic power station complementary power generation capacity based on PSO-BP is proposed.Particle Swarm Optimization and BP neural network are used to establish the forecasting model,the Markov chain model is used to correct the forecasting error of the model,and the weighted fitting method is used to forecast the annual load curve,to complete the optimal allocation of complementary generating capacity of photovoltaic power stations.The experimental results show that thismethod reduces the average loss of photovoltaic output prediction,improves the prediction accuracy and recall rate of photovoltaic output prediction,and ensures the effective operation of the power system.

孕妇使用补充替代医学疗法的现状分析

目的:调查孕妇应用补充替代医学(CAM)疗法现状及使用CAM种类数的影响因素,为指导孕期合理使用CAM疗法提供参考。方法:采用中文版国际补充与替代医学调查问卷对湖北省武汉市和广西壮族自治区柳州市的551例孕妇进行调查,分析其CAM疗法使用相关情况。结果:共发放问卷600份,回收有效问卷551份(91.8%),其中446例(80.8%)孕妇使用过CAM疗法。CAM疗法提供者的前3位依次是护士(46.0%)、西医医生(35.2%)以及临床营养师(22.1%)。膳食补充剂(85.4%)、散步(62.6%)以及音乐疗法(30.5%)是最常见的CAM疗法种类。结论:孕妇群体使用CAM疗法的比例较高,其选择受到社会人口学特征的影响。医疗保健人员应针对孕妇的选择偏好,提供合理的指导,保障孕期各类CAM疗法的安全使用。

基于自适应融合的实时车辆检测

针对传统的车辆检测技术检测速度慢和精度低的问题,提出了一种融合注意力的自适应金字塔网络的交通目标检测算法(fusion attentiont adaptive pyramid network,FAAP-Net),可以显著降低交通事故的发生率。为了降低计算复杂度,设计了一种轻量级的互补池化结构(CPS),该结构在宽度和高度上采用了两组不同的池化组合,在保持高精度的同时,显著降低了网络的浮点运算数(GFLOPs)和参数量。为了解决智能交通系统特征图生成过程中的信息损失问题,通过将自适应注意力模块(AAM)和特征增强模块(FEM)引入自适应融合特征金字塔网络(AF-FPN),以融入车辆检测的形状特征。针对车辆细节特征表征弱的问题,引入了一种按通道维度分组的注意力(SA)机制,以增强主干网络对不同车辆检测细节特征的关注,有效提取车辆细节的显著特征。在BDD100K数据集上的实验结果表明,FAAP-Net算法相比于传统算法,平均精度从30.3%提升到43.7%。

混合策略在水泥窑炉煅烧NO_(x)浓度预测中的应用

NO_(x)体积分数是反映水泥窑炉煅烧过程中氮排放的一个关键环保指标。水泥煅烧过程具有大噪声、大时滞和非线性等复杂特性。为了解决以上难点,提出基于互补集合经验模态分解(Complemementary Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition,CEEMD)、熵原理的互信息(Mutual Information,MI)、最大相关最小冗余算法(Max-Relevance and Min-Redundancy,mRMR)和天牛须搜索算法(Beetle Antennae Search,BAS)优化神经网络(Back Propagation Neural Network,BPNN)的混合策略,并用于NO_(x)体积分数预测。首先,CEEMD和中值平均滤波用于处理大噪声。同时,利用熵原理的MI和mRMR进行时滞分析和变量选择,解决大时滞问题。其次,利用BAS提高多层前馈(Back Propagation,BP)神经网络的预测能力,并解决非线性工况问题。最后,将该策略进行工业应用。结果显示,在25900个工业测试样本中,两组的均方根误差(Root Mean Squared Error,RMSE)和平均绝对误差(Mean Absolute Error,MAE)分别仅为0.3024、0.2059和0.2153、0.2013。预测模型结果可指导水泥脱硝操作人员精准喷氨,减少NO_(x)排放并降低氨水用量和氨逃逸情况。

大白菜蜡质缺失突变体YW71的遗传及序列变异分析

以大白菜蜡质突变体YW71为对象,研究其亮绿无蜡粉性状的遗传规律和调控基因。通过遗传分析,表明YW71中的亮绿无蜡粉性状由隐性单基因控制。通过等位基因互补实验证明YW71的亮绿性状是BrWAX2等位突变引起的。序列分析表明,在YW71中BrWAX2基因在第3个外显子末端发生了39 bp的缺失,进而引起转录水平的可变剪切和翻译水平的提前终止。表达模式分析表明,BrWAX2基因在YW71茎和叶中表达量显著下降。此外,研究针对39 bp的变异开发并验证了共显性标记BrWAX2-In Del1。研究结果丰富了白菜类蔬菜蜡质突变遗传资源,将为亮绿无蜡粉品种的分子育种提供理论指导和技术支持。

基于云模型的水光互补清洁能源基地容量配置方案优选

为优选水光互补清洁能源基地容量配置方案,从安全性、环保性、经济性、技术性4个方面选取14个指标构建了综合评价指标体系,采用改进云模型方法对容量配置方案进行评价。改进云模型方法以基于层次分析法改进的云模型求解主观权重,以熵权法求解客观权重,组合赋权得到指标权重,再利用条件云发生器计算各指标的隶属度,最后根据级别特征值法计算容量方案等级评分,确定最优方案。将该方法应用于我国西南某清洁能源基地水光互补系统容量配置方案的优选,优选结果与集对分析法优选结果和实际选择方案均相符,证明了该方法的有效性与适用性。

中医药治疗系统性红斑狼疮的研究进展

中医药治疗系统性红斑狼疮的方法如分证论治、分期论治、经典方剂、中成药及自拟方等,可明显改善系统性红斑狼疮患者临床症状与体征,疗效显著,不良反应少。该文采用文献检索,归纳近年来中医药治疗系统性红斑狼疮及其系统病变的研究进展,为中医药更好地治疗系统性红斑狼疮及其全身病变提供参考。

“近零碳”目标下港区多能互补标准体系研究

利用多能互补技术推动能源结构调整是实现港口绿色低碳发展的有效手段。本研究以国内主要沿海港口为对象,聚焦港区建设、运营、管理等环节开展多能互补技术标准研究,基于系统工程学方法构建港区多能互补标准体系,利用港区承载的可再生能源自然禀赋与清洁能源应用,通过多能互补技术的能源结构优化减少交通运输行业碳排放,推动双碳目标实现。

考虑互补效应的城市群多模式客运网络鲁棒性

为了分析城市群客运网络对突发事件的应对能力,从多种交通模式互补视角,基于复杂网络理论构建城市群多模式客运网络模型,应用引力模型建立节点失效后网络性能计算的规则,对城市群多模式客运网络的鲁棒性进行测度.引入基于鲁棒性的动态互补强度指标,对客运网络间的互补效应(CE)进行量化.对是否考虑CE时的鲁棒性进行对比,分析CE对鲁棒性的提升程度.以关中平原城市群为例进行实例研究,结果表明,在城市群多模式客运网络中,普铁网应对突发事件时的鲁棒性最强,公路网最弱.无论在何种攻击策略下,考虑CE时,城市群多模式客运网络的鲁棒性均有明显的提升,高铁网、普铁网和公路网的敏感度分别下降了19.1%、29.3%和22.0%.

三联互补强化教育对头颈部肿瘤放疗患者口腔功能锻炼情况及生活质量的影响

目的探讨三联互补强化教育对头颈部肿瘤放疗患者口腔功能锻炼情况及生活质量的影响。方法选择2021年2月至2022年8月于九江市第一人民医院接受放疗的70例头颈部肿瘤患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组(35例)与观察组(35例)。对照组接受常规护理,观察组接受三联互补强化教育。比较两组的口腔功能锻炼情况、生活质量与并发症发生率。结果干预后,观察组的口腔功能锻炼精确性量表的动作评价与知识口述分值均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组的生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOL-74)量表生理功能、社会功能、躯体功能及物质生活状态的各维度分值均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的并发症总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论针对头颈部肿瘤放疗患者采取三联互补强化教育干预措施,可明显提升患者口腔功能锻炼的精确度,提升生活质量,还可降低相关并发症的发生风险。

白条猪价格预测模型构建

【目的】增强农产品价格预测准确度,为农产品价格的有效预测提供参考。【方法】以河南省白条猪每周平均批发价格为研究对象,提出一种基于序列分解、主成分分析和神经网络(CEEMDAN-PCA-CNN-LSTM)的白条猪价格预测方法。首先,使用自适应白噪声完全集合模态分解方法(CEEMDAN)对白条猪价格序列进行分解;其次,选用皮尔逊相关系数筛选影响价格波动的相关因素;再次,利用主成分分析(PCA)对影响因素及分解得到的子序列降维处理并作为原始价格序列的特征值,并行输入到作为编码器的卷积神经网络(CNN)中进行特征提取;最后,引入长短期记忆网络(LSTM)作为解码器输出得到预测结果。将该方法应用于河南省白条猪每周平均价格数据,与LSTM、门控循环单元(GRU)、CNN、基于卷积的长短期记忆网络(ConvLSTM)模型进行比较。【结果】CEEMDAN-PCA-CNN-LSTM组合模型预测方法得到的平均绝对误差分别降低了44.95%、27.30%、28.13%、43.17%。【结论】CEEMDAN-PCA-CNN-LSTM模型对于河南省白条猪市场价格的预测性能更优,有助于相关部门针对河南省白条猪价格波动做出科学决策。