Strong inductive coupling between the heating field and equilibrium field is confirmed to be responsible for the poor plasma equilibrium in initial discharges on the SUNIST spherical tokamak. A modification project fo...Strong inductive coupling between the heating field and equilibrium field is confirmed to be responsible for the poor plasma equilibrium in initial discharges on the SUNIST spherical tokamak. A modification project for the power supply system of equilibrium field coils is successfully performed to increase the duration time of plasma current flattop from much less than 1ms to about 2 ms.展开更多
Einstein guessed that the macroscopic electromagnetic wave is built by thousands of photons, however, no one has offered a theory about how the macroscopic electromagnetic wave is built from photons. A concrete theory...Einstein guessed that the macroscopic electromagnetic wave is built by thousands of photons, however, no one has offered a theory about how the macroscopic electromagnetic wave is built from photons. A concrete theory about photons is needed to answer this question. Current theory for photons is Maxwell’s equation which has the solution of waves, but it is difficult to describe the photon as a particle. There is the paradox problem of wave-particle duality. This article offers one solution to solve this problem by introducing the normalized mutual energy flow. The interaction of the retarded wave and advanced wave produce the mutual energy flow. The mutual energy flow satisfies the mutual energy flow theorem. The mutual energy flow theorem tells us that the energy that goes through each surface between the emitter and the absorber is all same. That means the mutual energy flow is different in comparison to the waves. The wave, for example, the retarded wave, its amplitude is decreased with the distance from the source to the point of the field. The mutual energy flow does not decrease. The author noticed this and claimed that the photon is the mutual energy flow. In this article the author updated this claim that the photon is the normalized mutual energy flow. Here the normalization of mutual energy flow will normalize the mutual energy flow to the energy of a photon, which is E = hf. E is the energy of the photon;h is Planck constant;f is the frequency of the light. This normalization is similar to the normalization in quantum mechanics. After this normalization the relation between an electromagnetic wave and photon as a particle becomes clear. This article will prove that the macroscopic wave of an electromagnetic field can be built by thousands of normalized mutual energy flows, which describes the photons. The mutual energy flow is an interaction of the retarded wave and the advanced wave. The retarded wave and the advanced wave satisfy the Maxwell equations. There are two additional waves which are the time-reversal waves which satisfy time-reversal Maxwell equations. The advanced wave and the two time-reversal waves are all real and physical electromagnetic fields. The time-reversal waves cancel all self-energy flows of the retarded wave and advanced wave. Hence, the waves do not carry any energy, the energy is only transferred by the normalized mutual energy flows which are the photons. Hence, all energy is transferred by the photon instead of waves. This offers a solution to paradox of the duality of wave-particle.展开更多
伴随战场指挥通信系统的复杂化,车载多部军用超短波(very high frequency,VHF)电台间互扰问题日益突出。针对同车电台间互扰问题,提出了结合天线近场耦合计算的射频干扰自适应对消方法,在此基础上推导出了耦合计算误差影响系统收敛时间...伴随战场指挥通信系统的复杂化,车载多部军用超短波(very high frequency,VHF)电台间互扰问题日益突出。针对同车电台间互扰问题,提出了结合天线近场耦合计算的射频干扰自适应对消方法,在此基础上推导出了耦合计算误差影响系统收敛时间的解析表达式。该方法通过预先建立同车收发天线近场模型,计算得出收发天线间耦合系数和相位失真度,再利用该结果设定自适应干扰对消链路的初始参数,缩短了射频自适应干扰对消算法的收敛时间。仿真表明,所提方法在不降低对消比情况下,与现有的自适应对消方法相比收敛时间缩短了30%以上,同时也验证了计算误差影响收敛时间解析表达式的正确性。展开更多
文摘Strong inductive coupling between the heating field and equilibrium field is confirmed to be responsible for the poor plasma equilibrium in initial discharges on the SUNIST spherical tokamak. A modification project for the power supply system of equilibrium field coils is successfully performed to increase the duration time of plasma current flattop from much less than 1ms to about 2 ms.
文摘Einstein guessed that the macroscopic electromagnetic wave is built by thousands of photons, however, no one has offered a theory about how the macroscopic electromagnetic wave is built from photons. A concrete theory about photons is needed to answer this question. Current theory for photons is Maxwell’s equation which has the solution of waves, but it is difficult to describe the photon as a particle. There is the paradox problem of wave-particle duality. This article offers one solution to solve this problem by introducing the normalized mutual energy flow. The interaction of the retarded wave and advanced wave produce the mutual energy flow. The mutual energy flow satisfies the mutual energy flow theorem. The mutual energy flow theorem tells us that the energy that goes through each surface between the emitter and the absorber is all same. That means the mutual energy flow is different in comparison to the waves. The wave, for example, the retarded wave, its amplitude is decreased with the distance from the source to the point of the field. The mutual energy flow does not decrease. The author noticed this and claimed that the photon is the mutual energy flow. In this article the author updated this claim that the photon is the normalized mutual energy flow. Here the normalization of mutual energy flow will normalize the mutual energy flow to the energy of a photon, which is E = hf. E is the energy of the photon;h is Planck constant;f is the frequency of the light. This normalization is similar to the normalization in quantum mechanics. After this normalization the relation between an electromagnetic wave and photon as a particle becomes clear. This article will prove that the macroscopic wave of an electromagnetic field can be built by thousands of normalized mutual energy flows, which describes the photons. The mutual energy flow is an interaction of the retarded wave and the advanced wave. The retarded wave and the advanced wave satisfy the Maxwell equations. There are two additional waves which are the time-reversal waves which satisfy time-reversal Maxwell equations. The advanced wave and the two time-reversal waves are all real and physical electromagnetic fields. The time-reversal waves cancel all self-energy flows of the retarded wave and advanced wave. Hence, the waves do not carry any energy, the energy is only transferred by the normalized mutual energy flows which are the photons. Hence, all energy is transferred by the photon instead of waves. This offers a solution to paradox of the duality of wave-particle.
文摘伴随战场指挥通信系统的复杂化,车载多部军用超短波(very high frequency,VHF)电台间互扰问题日益突出。针对同车电台间互扰问题,提出了结合天线近场耦合计算的射频干扰自适应对消方法,在此基础上推导出了耦合计算误差影响系统收敛时间的解析表达式。该方法通过预先建立同车收发天线近场模型,计算得出收发天线间耦合系数和相位失真度,再利用该结果设定自适应干扰对消链路的初始参数,缩短了射频自适应干扰对消算法的收敛时间。仿真表明,所提方法在不降低对消比情况下,与现有的自适应对消方法相比收敛时间缩短了30%以上,同时也验证了计算误差影响收敛时间解析表达式的正确性。
