Relationship between entero-hepatic bile acid circulation and interdigestive migrating myoelectrical activity in rats

AIM： To investigate the effects of entero-hepatic bile add circulation on the inter-digestive migrating myoelectrical complex （MMC） in rats. METHODS： Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups. Three pairs of bipolar silver electrodes were chronically implanted in the antrum, duodenum and jejunum. Three groups of Uhem were ligatecl around the upper part of common bile duct （CBD）. The experiments were performed in consdous and fasting state. The gastrointestinal myoelectrical activity was recorded. Ursodeoxycholic acid （UDCA） and saline were then perfused into stomachs of two groups with CBD obstruction and the effects of them on the MMC were observed. RESULTS： A typical pattern of MMC was observed in normal fasting rats. MMC of antral and duodenal origin disappeared temporarily in earlier stage of CBD obstruction. While MMC of jejunum origin appeared. increased MMC cycle duration was seen after 4 d in rats with CBD obstruction. The MMC after CBD obstruction was characterized by an increased duration of phase Ⅱ-like activity and decreased duration of phase Ⅰ ＆ Ⅲ activity. Perfusion into stomachs with UDCA resulted in a shorter MMC cycle duration and a longer duration of phase III of duodenal origin compared to the normal group. CONCLUSION： Entero-hepatic bile add drculation initiates inter-digestive MMC of duodenal origin.

The distribution of motilin receptor in the amygdala of rats and its role in migrating myoelectric complex

Objective:To investigate the distribution of the motilin receptor in the amygdala of rats and its role in regulating the duodenal migrating myoelectric complex(MMC).Methods:The distribution of motilin receptor in the amygdala in adult SD rats was detected by immunohistochemistry methods,and the duodenal interdigestive MMC was recorded via the electrodes implanted in the duodenum and analyzed us- ing a multichannel recorder.Results:Motilin receptor was observed in the amygdala of rats.The great amount of motilin receptor was found in the medial amygdaloid nucleus,which was also abundant in the basolateral nucleus but less abundant in the basomedial amygdaloid nucleus,the central amygdaloid nucle- us and the lateral amygdaloid nucleus.The shortening of the duodenal MMC cycle duration and the in- crease of the amplitude and the frequency of phase $ were recorded after motilin receptors being bound with exogenous motilin in the amygdala.The effects could be completely blocked by the subdiaphragmatic vagotomy but not by the intravenous injections of atropine,phentolamine or propranolol.Anti-motilin serum could partially block these effects,and the destruction of the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala had no significant effects on the duodenal MMC.Conclusion:Motilin receptor is present in all the subnu- clei of the amygdala,with the greatest amount of motilin receptor present in the medial amygdaloid nucle- us.Microinjections of motilin in the amygdala can shorten the duodenal MMC cycle duration and increase the amplitude and the frequency of phaseⅢ.These effects might be accomplished via the amygdala-hy- pothalamus-brainstem-vagus pathway,indicating the important role of the amygdala motilin receptor in the duodenal MMC regulation.

Effects of PYY on the interdigestive migrating myoelectric complex in the small intestine in vivo and the neural and endocrinal mechanisms of the effects

Objective To investigate the effects of peptide YY (PYY) on the interdigestive migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) in the small intestine in vivo and explore the neural and endocrinal mechanisms of the effects. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were supplied with a venous catheter and bipolar electrodes in the duodenum and jejunum for electromyography of stomach and small intestine in wake state. PYY,phentolamine,nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA,the inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase) and atropine were served with PYY respectively. The plasma motilin levels before and after the infusion of PYY were observed. Results At all the three recording points,PYY lengthened the circle length of MMC [from (591.90±128.98)s to (999.25±216.59)s,P<0.01] and lowered the frequency of phase Ⅲ [from (39.28±8.40) min-1 to (22.08±3.13) min-1,P<0.01],amplitude of phase Ⅲ [from (0.320±0.060)mV to (0.179±0.030)mV,P<0.01],and the portion of phase Ⅲ over the whole circle length [from (28.61±5.84)% to (15.43±5.16)% ,P<0.01]. Phentolamine had no influence on the role of PYY. Administered L-NNA combined with PYY,the percentage of phase Ⅲ increased [(42.09±8.67)%] compared with that of control (P<0.01) and compared with that of PYY administered alone (P<0.01) too. Atropine combined with PYY showed stronger depressing effects on MMC. No significant difference was found between the plasma motilin levels before and after the infusion of PYY. Conclusion PYY may inhibit the interdigestive intestine motility through the none-adrenergic none-cholinergic tract,while the α-receptor tract and circulating motilin are probably not involved in the depressing effect.

Neurochemical mechanism of the gastrointestinal interdigestive migrating motor complex in rats with acute inflammatory stomach ache

The normal gastrointestinal interdigestive migrating motor complex cycle was interrupted, and paroxysmal contraction appeared after formaldehyde-induced stomach ache. Activities of nitric oxide synthase, acetylcholinesterase and vasoactive intestinal peptide neurons were significantly reduced, whereas activities of calcitonin gene-related peptide neurons were significantly increased in the pyloric sphincter muscular layer, myenteric nerve plexus and submucous nerve plexus. Electroacupuncture at Zusanfi （ST36） suppressed paroxysmal contraction in rats with formaldehyde-induced stomach ache, and neurons in the enteric nervous system were normal. These results indicated that nitrergic neurons, cholinergic neurons, vasoactive intestinal peptide neurons and calcitonin gene-related peptide neurons in the enteric nervous system may be involved in changes to the gastrointestinal interdigestive migrating motor complex following stomach ache, and that electroacupuncture can regulate this process.

Gastrointestinal migrating motor complex during early stage of cholesterol gallstone formation in guinea pigs

Objective： To determine the changes of gastrointestinal migrating motor complex （MMC） during the early stage of cholesterol gallstone formation. Methods：Totally 45 healthy adult guinea pigs were randomly and equally divided into 3 groups, that is, normal control, group B （1% cholesterol diet for 2 weeks） and group C （1% cholesterol diet for 4 weeks）. Three pairs of silver electrodes were inserted into the gastric antrum, duodenum and jejunum of every animal respectively. Record of gastrointestinal MMC of these guinea pigs were recorded and analyzed. Gallbladder bile was taken to detect the formation of cholesterol gallstone. Results： There were only 29 guinea pigs living. The MMC cycle time and the duration of phase Ⅱ were prolonged significantly and gradually compared with the control group （P〈0.01）, but the duration of phase Ⅲ became significantly and gradually shorter. Conclusion： During the early stage of cholesterol gallstone formation, the MMC cycle time and the duration of phase Ⅱ are prolonged and the duration of phase Ⅲ is shortened.

EFECT OF ERYTHROMYCIN ON INTERDIGESTIVE MIGRATING MOTOR COMPLEX IN HUMANS

Objective To investigate the effect of erythromycin (EM) on interdigestive migrating motor complex (MMC) in healthy volunteers. Methods 20 healthy volunteers were randomly divided into 2 groups: EM group (n=11) and placebo group (n=9). The changes of MMC were observed by gastrointestinal manometry before and after oral administration of EM or placebo. Results Gastric antral MMCs that evoked by EM were similar to spontaneous MMCs. EM orally intaking decreased MMC cycle duration significantly (P<0.05). EM orally intaking decreased the percentage of phase Ⅱ duration to MMC cycle duration significantly (P<0.05). But EM orally intaking increased the percentage of phase Ⅲ duration to MMC cycle duration significantly (P<0.05). The amplitude of antral waves of phase Ⅲ increased significantly after EM orally intaking (P<0.05). Placebo orally intaking didn't affect MMC cycle duration, propagation velocity of phase Ⅲ and percentages of phase Ⅰ, phase Ⅱ, phase Ⅲ duration to MMC cycle duration. Conclusion EM has stimulating effect on gastrointestinal motor activity.

Effects of motilin in the hippocampus on the interdigestive migrating motor complex in rats

Objective ：To explore the effects of motilin in the hippocampus on the interdigestive migrating motor complex （MMC） in rats. Methods： Adult SD rats of either sex were used; 0.5 μl motilin （0. 74 retool/L） was injected into the guide cannula which was stereotaxically implanted into the hippocampus previously. Then the MMC was recorded by a RM6240B multilead physiological recording system. Resuits： （1）MMC characteristics of normal rats＇ duodenum： the frequency of phase Ⅲ was （18. 1±0. 4） bursts/min; the amplitude of phase Ⅲ was （260.5±42.3）μV; the duration of phase Ⅲ was （354.1±21.6） s; MMC cycle duration was （690.2±58.7）s. （2） After motilin was injected into the hippocampus, the duodenal MMC cycle duration was decreased significantly. However, the amplitude of phase Ⅲ and the frequency of phase Ⅲ were increased. But there were no effects on the duration of phase Ⅲ . Frequency of phase Ⅲ percentage change was much more than amplitude of phase Ⅲ percentage change （57.2±2.8 vs 39.3±5. 2）. （3） Effects of motilin in the hippocampus on MMC were completely abolished by subdiaphragmal vagotomy. （4） Effects of motilin in the hippocampus on MMC were unaffected by intravenously injected atropine, phentolamine or propranolol. （5） The anti-motilin serum partly abolished the effects of motilin in the hippocampus on MMC. Conclusion： Motilin in the hippocampus has effects on the duodenal MMC cycle duration, the amplitude of phase Ⅲ and the frequency of phase Ⅲ. Motilin in the hippocampus plays an important role in duodenal MMC.

Relationship between Gastric Stasis in the Remnant Stomach and Interdigestive Migrating Complex in Patients after Pylorus-Preserving Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer

Objectives: The demerit of pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (PPG) is gastric stasis in the remnant stomach (GSRS). We investigated the relationship between postgastrectomy disorder (PGD), especially GSRS, and interdigestive migrating complex (IMC) in PPG patients. Background: The cause of GSRS is still unknown. Therefore, we studied relationship between GSRS and IMC. Methods: 24 PPG patients (16 men and 8 women;mean, 61.2 years) were divided into groups A (12 patients without GSRS) and B (12 patients with GSRS). The relationship between GSRS and IMC was studied. Results: Length of the antral cuff (LAC) was significantly longer in group A than group B (P < 0.0001). IMC and appetite were significantly more common in group A than in group B (P = 0.0465, P = 0.0186, respectively). Postprandial abdominal fullness (PAF) was significantly more common in group B than in group A (P = 0.0061). Reflux esophagitis (RE) and body weight loss were found in group B more than in group A. Dumping syndrome was not found in either group. Endoscopic gastritis was found significantly more in group B than in group A (P = 0.0047). Conclusions: In PPG patients with a short LAC, GSRS may occur by the decrease of IMC occurrence.

THE ROLE OF NITRIC OXIDE IN SMALL INTESTINAL MIGRATING MOTOR COMPLEX

The main objective is to study the role or nitric oxide (NO) in small Intestinal migratingmotor complex (MMC). Rats were implanted with strain gauges in the duobenum and jejunum forrecording the motor action of the small intestine in fasting and red states arter intravenous infusionof N'-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME ), L-arginin., D-arglnine, sodium nitropusside(NaNP) and angiotensin 1 respectively. The results showed that intravenous inrusion or L-NAME,a NO synthase inhibitor, induced a fasting-like MMC motor pattern in fed rats. Infusion of NaNP, aNO donor, disrupted small intestinal MMC in fasting rats, inducing a postprandial-like motor pattern. Both fasting and postprandial, infusion of L-NAME shortened the duration or Phase I andphase Ⅱ,but didn't chang. the duration, frequency, amplitude and s,eed or Propogatiou of thephaSe, Ⅲ-argining, not D-arginine infused together with L-NAME, prevented the effect of LNAME infusion. Infusion of L-arginine, D-arginine or angioteusin Ⅰ alone didn't modify the smallintestinal motor pattern. It suggests that an inhibition of NO synthesis may be involved in the initiation of the MMC motor pattern during fasting, whereas an increase of NO output relates to the occurrence of the fed motor pattern

Role of the area postrema of medulla oblongata in the regulation of canine interdigestive migrating motor complex

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of the area postrema (AP) of the medulla oblongata on gastrointestinal interdigestive migrating motor complex (MMC) and the plasma motilin level. METHODS: Interdigestive MMC activities of the antrum and duodenum were recorded by strain gauge implanted on the serosa of 8 conscious dogs. A cannula was intubated in femoral vein for motilin injection. The plasma motilin concentration was measured by RIA. We observed: (1) normal interdigestive MMC activity and fluctuations in plasma motilin concentration; (2) the effects of electrically damaging the AP on MMC activity and plasma motilin level; (3) whether intravenous injection of motilin could induce phase III contractions after the AP was destroyed. RESULTS: (1) Typical interdigestive MMC with phase I, II, III, and IV was recorded in normal dogs. Phase III was concurrent with the peak of plasma motilin level. (2) In damaged AP dogs, antroduodenal interdigestive MMC contractions were suppressed; cyclic, phasic and migratory pattern of MMC was disrupted. Plasma motilin concentration was decreased. Intravenous injection of motilin could not induce phase III contractions. CONCLUSIONS: The area postrema might play an important role, which is mediated by motilin, on the regulation of interdigestive MMC.

Changes of gastrointestinal myoelectric activity and bile acid pool size after cholecystectomy in guinea pigs

AIM: To investigate the bile acid pool size after cholecystectomy whether or not correlated to the gastrointestinal migrating myoeiectric complex (MMC) in guinea pigs. METHODS: Gallbladder motilities were assessed before cholecystectomy. Furthermore, we continuously monitored interdigestive gastrointestinal motilities using bipolar electrodes in conscious guinea pigs before and after surgery at 4 wk in standard diet group and high cholesterol diet (cholesterol gallstone) group. Total bile acid pool sizes were measured by isotope dilution method at meantime. RESULTS: After cholecystectomy, there were parallel falls in duration of phase Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and MMC cycle duration but increase in amplitude in the guinea pigs with normal gallbladder function, and in the guinea pigs with cholesterol stones. However, There were not significantly differences. On the other hand, the bile acid pool was definitely small in the GS guinea pigs compared to normal guinea pigs and became slightly smaller after cholecystectomy. Similarly, bile acid in gallbladder bile, fecal bile acid was slightly increased in GS guinea pigs after cholecystectomy, to the same degree as normal. These differences, however, were not significant. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that in the guinea pigs with normal gallbladder function, and in the guinea pigs with cholesterol stones: (1) Cholecystectomy produce a similar but less marked trend in bile acid pool; and (2) MMC are linked to enterohepatic circulation of bile acids, rather than surgery, which is consistent with changes of the bile acid pool size. As a result, gastrointestinal dyskinesia is not involved in occurrence of postchole cystectomy syndrome.

Effect of electroacupuncture in Weijing points on gastrointestinal interdigestive migrating motor complex and brain gut peptides release in dogs

Interdigestive gastrointestinal migrating motor complex (MMC) activities were recorded by strain gauge implanted on the serosa in 7 conscious dogs. We studied the effects of electroacupuncture (EAP) Weijing points Zusanli (S36), Tianshu (S25), Liangmen (S21) on MMC and release of motilin and gastrin, and compared them with that of EAP Pangguangjing points. The results indicated that EAP Weijing points could not only strengthen MMC contractions in antrum, duodenum and proximal jejunum, but also increase plasma concentration of motilin and gastrin. Anti-motilin serum, proglumide, atropine, or hexamethonium could markedly block the effect of EAP on reinforcing MMC contraction and release of motilin and gastrin. We could get the conclusions that such enhancing effect of EAP Weijing points on MMC and brain-gut peptides release is mediated by motilin and gastrin, on which both cholinergic nerve and sympathetic nerve play important roles.

准噶尔盆地复杂山地区分方位地震处理关键技术及应用

准噶尔盆地南缘山前冲断带是我国西部重要的油气勘探领域,构造复杂,逆冲断裂发育特征为油气勘探带来巨大挑战。随“两宽一高”资料的普及,全方位处理模式愈发难以满足深层精细勘探的需求。本文以安集海背斜为例,对下组合方位各向异性问题,提出一套完整的分方位处理流程,包括分方位速度分析、分方位全局寻优剩余静校正、OVT域叠前时间偏移及加权叠加技术。这些技术的应用有效地改善了该地区断点断裂不清晰和构造样式存在多解性的问题,具一定生产推广价值。

基于隐蔽手势交互技术的弹群指挥控制方法

针对城市作战场景下,班排作战小组协同无人装备遂行作战任务时信息传递的隐蔽式需求,提出了一种基于表面肌电信号的隐蔽手势交互方法,并通过弹群指挥控制仿真应用实验进行了验证。开发了表面肌电信号离线和在线采集系统,提出了一种基于卷积神经网络的端到端表面肌电信号分类算法,进而形成了隐蔽手势交互范式。在此基础上,依托仿真环境构建了巡飞弹指挥控制系统,并招募了5名被试开展实验,实验结果表明,基于肌电信号的隐蔽手势交互技术在提高信息传递隐蔽性的同时,也保证了信息交互的准确性,对于提升城市作战场景下班排小组协同无人装备作战的能力具有积极意义。

Migration Networks Pattern of China’s Floating Population from the Perspective of Complex Network

Since China’s reform and opening-up,the growing disparity between urban and rural areas and regions has led to massive migration.With China’s Rural Revitalization Strategy and the industrial transfer from the eastern coastal areas to the inland,the migration direction and pattern of the floating population have undergone certain changes.Using the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey(CMDS),excluding Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan regions of China,organized by China’s National Health Commission,the relationship matrix of the floating population is constructed according to the inflow place of the interviewees and their outflow place(the location of the registered residence)in the questionnaire survey.We then apply the complex network model to analyze the migration direction and network pattern of China’s floating population from the city scale.The migration network shows an obvious hierarchical agglomeration.The first-,second-,third-and fourth-tier distribution cities are municipalities directly under the central government,provincial capital cities,major cities in the central and western regions and ordinary cities in all provinces,respectively.The migration trend is from the central and western regions to the eastern coastal areas.The migration network has‘small world’characteristics,forming nine communities.It shows that most node cities in the same community are closely linked and geographically close,indicating that the migration network of floating population is still affected by geographical proximity.Narrowing the urban-rural and regional differences will promote the rational distribution this population.It is necessary to strengthen the reform of the registered residence system,so that the floating population can enjoy urban public services comparable to other populations,and allow migrants to live and work in peace.

复杂多变工况下高铁轮对轴承故障识别研究

为提升复杂多变工况下轴承故障识别精度,研究了高铁轮对轴承故障识别方法。复杂多变工况下的轮对轴承振动信号经集合经验模态分解后,获得多个IMF分量及剩余分量,计算各分量的排列熵,以此为初始特征集,将朴素贝叶斯算法和最大均值差异(FSBD)方法相结合筛选有效特征,进行源域深度迁移自编码器训练,将输出参数作为目标域深度迁移自编码器的初始参数,检测目标域特征子集,输出故障识别结果。实验结果表明:该方法可实现轮对轴承振动信号的分解,完成初始特征FSI值的计算,选取特征数为150时,轮对轴承故障识别效果最突出,识别精度达到98.5%。

十二指肠胃反流胃肠动力机制研究

背景:十二指肠胃反流(DGR)是一种常见的生理和病理现象,与许多疾病的发生有关。目前其发生机制尚不明确。目的:探讨DGR发生与胃窦十二指肠消化间期移行性复合运动(MMC)的关系。方法:对20名健康志愿者行24h同步胃内pH监测和胆汁监测,以及夜间长时胃窦十二指肠压力测定。结果:24h同步胃内pH监测和胆汁监测后,20名健康志愿者分为2组:DGR阴性组(D1组)(7名)和DGR阳性组(D2组)(13名)。D1组MMC周期数较D2组显著增加(P<0.05);D2组胃窦十二指肠协调收缩较D1组显著减少,十二指肠推进性蠕动减少(P均<0.05)。D1组十二指肠MMCⅢ相逆蠕动发生率显著低于D2组(P<0.05)。D2组发生MMCⅢ相逆蠕动前后10min,胃内pH值分别为1.72±0.61和3.70±0.72,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。夜间MMCⅡ相晚期碱反流和胆汁反流的发生率显著高于Ⅰ相、Ⅱ相早期和Ⅲ相(P均<0.05)。结论:DGR的发生与胃窦十二指肠MMC周期数、Ⅱ相晚期和Ⅲ相逆蠕动有关。

枳实对大鼠胃肠电活动影响的初步研究

目的 :研究枳实对大鼠胃肠移行性综合肌电 (MMC)的影响及其与P物质的关系。方法 :采用电生理学和免疫组织化学方法 ,观察枳实灌胃前后大鼠胃肠电活动及P物质含量的变化。结果 :浓缩枳实液可使大鼠胃肠MMC活动相时程与周期比值 (A/T)增大 ,胃肠肌间神经丛内P物质增多。结论 :枳实对大鼠胃肠MMC具有兴奋效应并可能与P物质有关。

Prestack Gaussian beam depth migration under complex surface conditions

In areas with a complex surface,the acquisition and processing of seismic data is a great challenge.Although elevation-static corrections can be used to eliminate the influences of topography,the distortions of seismic wavefields caused by simple vertical time shifts still greatly degrade the quality of the migrated images.Ray-based migration methods which can extrapolate and image the wavefields directly from the rugged topography are efficient ways to solve the problems mentioned above.In this paper,we carry out a study of prestack Gaussian beam depth migration under complex surface conditions.We modify the slant stack formula in order to contain the information of surface elevations and get an improved method with more accuracy by compositing local plane-wave components directly from the complex surface.First,we introduce the basic rules and computational procedures of conventional Gaussian beam migration.Then,we give the original method of Gaussian beam migration under complex surface conditions and an improved method in this paper.Finally,we validate the effectiveness of the improved method with trials of model and real data.

Ghrelin对大鼠小肠转运及消化间期移行性复合肌电活动的作用及机制

目的探讨ghrelin对大鼠小肠转运和消化间期移行性复合肌电活动(MMC)的影响及作用机制。方法大鼠禁食24h,观察静脉给予不同剂量ghrelin对小肠转运的影响,及静脉给予ghrelin受体拮抗剂(D-Lys3)GHRP-6对ghrelin作用的影响。采用多道生理记录仪在大鼠清醒、禁食状态下监测消化间期MMC,观察静脉给予ghrelin对胃肠MMC的影响。分别给予阿托品、酚妥拉明、普萘洛尔、L-精氨酸及(D-Lys3)GHRP-6,探讨ghrelin对MMC的作用机制。结果静脉给予ghrelin剂量依赖性地促进小肠转运,此作用可被(D-Lys3)GHRP-6阻断。静脉给予ghrelin促进胃肠MMC。阿托品、L-精氨酸和(D-Lys3)GHRP-6不同程度地抑制ghrelin的促动力效应;酚妥拉明和普萘洛尔对ghrelin的促动力作用无显著影响。结论Ghrelin可促进胃肠运动,这可能是通过胆碱能通路起作用,与NO通路关系密切,ghrelin受体GHS-R参与其促动力作用。