Navigating the ethical terrain:Off-label and experimental treatments in medical case reports

This article explores the ethical considerations surrounding the reporting of offlabel and experimental treatments in medical case reports,with a focus on fields such as oncology,psychiatry,and pediatrics.It emphasizes the balance between innovation and evidence-based medicine,highlighting the critical role of case reports in disseminating clinical experiences and advancing medical knowledge.The discussion delves into the ethical framework guiding case reporting,including principles of patient autonomy,informed consent,non-maleficence,beneficence,justice,and transparency.Challenges such as negative outcome reporting,commercial interests,and the balance between innovation and caution are examined.Recommendations for ethical vigilance,the development of comprehensive guidelines,and the role of regulatory bodies are proposed to ensure patient safety and uphold scientific integrity.The article concludes by underscoring the importance of a collaborative effort among clinicians,researchers,ethicists,and regulatory bodies to foster the responsible advancement of medical science while adhering to the highest ethical standards.

Ethical-GPT:一种面向人工智能伦理教育的垂类GPT工具设计与实现

人工智能技术在推动教育变革的同时,也引发了诸如隐私泄露、技术滥用等伦理风险挑战,使得加强人工智能伦理教育势在必行。同时,当前教育人工智能伦理建设过程中存在的学习资源稀缺、教学方式单一、缺乏实质性的伦理实践等问题也亟待解决。对此,文章首先采用“大语言模型微调+本地知识库”的技术路线,设计了面向人工智能伦理教育的垂类GPT工具——Ethical-GPT,并介绍了Ethical-GPT的基础问答、案例学习、情境模拟、智能测验四大功能模块;之后,文章从大模型选取、本地知识库建设、高效模型微调等方面重点阐述了Ethical-GPT的技术实现,并通过对比不同模型的回答结果进行了模型效果分析,发现Ethical-GPT具有良好的专业问答能力,并且能够随机生成并呈现多样化的伦理案例;最后,文章深入探讨了Ethical-GPT的教育应用场景。文章设计的Ethical-GPT不仅为人工智能伦理的教育实践提供了工具支持,也为推动教育领域专用大语言模型的构建提供了参考思路。

The Myths behind Flower Names

The Greek term for flower is Chloris. It is derived from the name of the Chloris, the goddess of vegetation, in Greek mythology, reasonably so, if we consider the great number of mythological tales linked to flowers of the Greek flowers. The use of flowers was widespread in Greece from time immemorial, since flowers are so important to us from the moment we are born.Flowers play an important role in mythology. As they morph from bud to bloom to faded and wilted petals, they assume various meanings linked to youth, life and death. They are associated with goddesses and legends, and are often attributed with certain powers and symbolism.

论情态的模糊性——以“Big Myths about Copyright”为例

本文以韩礼德系统功能语言学的情态系统与模糊语言学的理论为依据．采取定量分析的方法分析“Big Myths about Copyright”一文。同时，对其情态的模糊性作了进一步探析。

Diabetes Treatment-Related Myths and the Impact of COVID-19 on Diabetes Knowledge—An Indian Survey-Based Study

Objective: The main aim of the survey was to assess diabetes treatment-related myths prevalent in the Indian population and if COVID-19 pandemic improved their knowledge about diabetes. Results: The survey was completed by 309 participants;66% did not have diabetes. The responses of people with diabetes and those without diabetes were similar. Survey results of the total population showed that the majority believed that diabetes treatment should start early (92.6%);87.4% believed that the treatment should start within three months of diagnosis with modern medicines;67.3% of the participants felt that allopathic medicines for diabetes were safe, 69.6% believed that if started these medications continue lifelong, and 40.5% thought they damaged all major organs. Insulin was thought to be safe by 65% of the surveyed population;60.8% believed that if they started insulin, they would need it life-long;51.5% thought that insulin was started at the last stage of diabetes;and 58.6% believed that insulin caused kidney damage. A total of 58.6% believed that herbal medicines for diabetes were safer than allopathic;76.4% did not believe that the “diabetic cure” shown through television/newspapers was safe and effective;67.3% did not believe that ayurvedic medicines cured diabetes. Of the surveyed population, 67% felt that their knowledge about diabetes improved during the pandemic and 89.3% knew that PWDs have more serious problems with covid infection. Conclusions: Our survey shows that many diabetes treatment-related myths are prevalent in the Indian population even though the COVID-19 pandemic improved their knowledge about diabetes.

A Narrative Review Unravelling the Historical Roots of Myths Surrounding Hypnosis and Discerning Facts

Hypnosis,one of the earliest mind-body treatments,has been the subject of renewed interest in the last decade with research indicating its effectiveness for varied physiological and psychological ailments including pain,distress,and psychosomatic disorders.However,the adoption and acceptance of hypnosis are still hindered by myths and misconceptions that prevail among the general public and clinicians.Considering their significant role in promoting the successful delivery and acceptance of interventions,informing clinicians about hypnosis is crucial to promote balanced views,and thereby the adoption of this intervention when warranted.This narrative review traces the historical roots of myths surrounding hypnosis,while unravelling related misconceptions that have impeded its adoption in clinical and research settings.We hope that this review enhances the general public’s views and clinicians’understanding of hypnosis in historical,theoretical and research contexts to promote its adoption in research and clinical settings and steer research toward an evidence-based practice of hypnosis.

Social Myths： A New Approach

Nowadays, the study of myths is rather neglected as a field of research in sociology. There is a void that this paper would like to contribute to filling. It outlines a theoretical and empirical sociological approach to social myths as a major component of collective imaginaries and a universal sociological mechanism through time and space. The article recalls the major functions performed by myths in every society （modem as well as ＂primitive＂）, introduces new concepts, and sets forth an analytical framework designed to account for the emergence, the reproduction, and the decline of myths, as sacralised collective representations.

1944-1949 in the North East of Latvia： Soviet Myths and Reality

The scientific work on collecting and studying life stories started in Latvia in late 1980s, and mainly was devoted to creation of a multi-voiced counteraction to Soviet-era history. In this article, a life story and associated discourse units illustrate not only a point about the speaker, but also about the facts and notions that are common to the post-war Latvia. Post-Soviet society still use to give different accounts of the same facts and of the reasons why they happened. Studying multiform social memories that are forming Latvian collective memory is a way to perceive the processes by which these common-sense notions are constructed. The article demonstrates how to use the life story as a source for local history research and at the same time for people self-awareness research. This article is devoted to the analysis of eye-witnesses＇ （materials gathered from 12 neighboring farmer families） narratives about the post-war reality, comparing the main presumptions of Soviet ideology, existing in Latvia and all other Baltic states, to real life. Provided those presumptions being myths--the term being understood in political science as deceit as a falsifying construct, the author analyses true life stories to show the real danger of intention to exist in some irrational, mythical sphere.

The Myths of Bashu in Chinese Culture

ⅠMyth,is the record of a nation’s mental activity in the understanding and perception of the world,and'encyclopedia'in its childhood;all the categories of humanities and social sciences today can find their origins in myths which cover such disciplines as philosophy,economics,history,religious studies,literature and fine art,as well as astronomy,geography,hydraulic engineering,and botany.When humans began to open their eyes to see the world,and gradually transcended primitive ways of life,they began to consciously and

Myths and legends-South America(Colombia)

El Dorado One day in the Andes m ountains of Colombia before Europeans arrived..."We have a new leader.Well go to the lake to celebrate.Cover the leader in gold and ride a golden boat into the middle of the lake.We must make the Lake God happy.The leader will give the Lake God all our golden presents."

Challenges and Suggestions of Ethical Review on Clinical Research Involving Brain-Computer Interfaces

Brain-computer interface(BCI)technology is rapidly advancing in medical research and application.As an emerging biomedical engineering technology,it has garnered significant attention in the clinical research of brain disease diagnosis and treatment,neurological rehabilitation,and mental health.However,BCI also raises several challenges and ethical concerns in clinical research.In this article,the authors investigate and discuss three aspects of BCI in medicine and healthcare:the state of international ethical governance,multidimensional ethical challenges pertaining to BCI in clinical research,and suggestive concerns for ethical review.Despite the great potential of frontier BCI research and development in the field of medical care,the ethical challenges induced by itself and the complexities of clinical research and brain function have put forward new special fields for ethics in BCI.To ensure"responsible innovation"in BCI research in healthcare and medicine,the creation of an ethical global governance framework and system,along with special guidelines for cutting-edge BCI research in medicine,is suggested.

Myths and legends-Southern Europe

The Minotaur lived in a labyrinth on the island of Crete. It was a monster with the body of a man and the head of a bull. Every seven years, King Minos of Crete took the seven strongest boys and seven most beautiful girls from the city of Athens away to his island for the Minotaur to eat.

Errata regarding missing Ethical Statements in previously published articles:Part 3

Ethical statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Journal of Integrative Agriculture.The appropriate statements provided by the Authors are included below.

Myths and Legends-Middle Eastern

From the Arabian Nights:The fisherman and the genie A long time ago there was an old, poor fisherman who did not catch enough fish for him and his family to live well. One day when he pulled his fishing net in he found a pot in it and he was very happy because he could sell the pot and make some money. First he looked inside, and a genie came out.

Errata regarding missing Ethical Statements in previously published articles:Part 5

Ethical statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Journal of Integrative Agriculture.The appropriate statements provided by the Authors are included below.

Myths and legends-East Africa

A long time ago,the god Mulungu lived on the Earth with all the animals.There were no people.Everything was quiet.All the animals were happy.One day,a lizard wanted to catch some fish.He put a fish trap in the river and went home.The next morning,he looked in the fish trap and he saw two very small people.They were the first people on the Earth.

Errata regarding missing Ethical Statements in previously published articles:Part 4

Ethical statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Journal of Integrative Agriculture.The appropriate statements provided by the Authors are included below.

Errata regarding missing Ethical Statements in previously published articles:Part 1

Ethical statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Journal of Integrative Agriculture.The appropriate statements provided by the Authors are included below.

Myths and Legends-Central Africa [Rwanda]

Gihanga-the great king o f Rwanda?A.We do not know much about the early history of many countries.Many years ago,people did not write things that happened.History was taught by spoken stories that older people told.Here is the story of an amazing king of Rwanda:Gihanga.

Errata regarding missing Ethical Statements in previously published articles:Part 2

Ethical statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Journal of Integrative Agriculture.The appropriate statements provided by the Authors are included below.