ResearchonS202一／Zr02solidsuperacidinsynthesisofn—amylacetateundermicrowaveradiation

采用沉淀一浸渍法制得S2O62 8-／ZrO2固体超强酸，在微波辐射下催化合成乙酸正戊酯。通过单因素实验和正交实验优化了合成的反应条件；采用Hammett指示剂法、BET法、红外光谱、电子透镜技术和x_射线衍射对其进行了表征。实验结果表明，采用最佳制备条件下得到的催化剂在微波辐射下催化合成乙酸正戊酯的最优合成条件为：醇酸摩尔比1．9：1，反应温度135℃，反应时间25min，催化剂用量1．2g，功率500W，收率为97．8％。该工艺具有绿色、安全、操作简单和收率高等优点。

Isobaric Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of Binary Systems： p-Xylene ＋ （Acetic Acid, Methyl Acetate and n-Propyl Acetate） and Methyl Acetate ＋ n-Propyl Acetate in an Acetic Acid Dehydration Process

The vapor-liquid equilibrium data of four binary systems (acetic acid +p-xylene, methyl acetate +n-propyl acetate, n-propyl acetate +p-xylene and methyl acetate +p-xylene) are measured at 101.33 kPa with Ellis equilibrium still, and then both the NRTL and UNIQUAC models are used in combination with the HOC model for correlating and estimating the vapor-liquid equilibrium of these four binary systems. The estimated binary VLE results using correlated parameters agree well with the measured data except the methyl acetate +p-xylene system which easily causes bumping and liquid rushing out of the sampling tap due to their dramatically different boiling points. The correlation results by NRTL and UNIQUAC models have little difference on the average absolute deviations of temperature and composition of vapor phase, and the results by NRTL model are slightly better than those by UNIQUAC model except for the methyl acetate +n-propyl acetate system, for which the latter gives more accurate correlations.

Preparation,Characterization of Dawson-type Heteropoly Acid Cerium（Ⅲ） Salt and Its Catalytic Performance on the Synthesis of n-Butyl Acetate

A novel cerium(Ⅲ) salt of Dawson type tungstophosphoric acid(Ce2P2W18O62·16H2O) was prepared by doping cerous nitrate in H6P2W18O62·13H2O powder and characterized by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analyses(TG/DTA),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),pyridine infrared spectroscopy(Py-IR) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Its catalytic activity was evaluated by the probe reaction of synthesis of n-butyl acetate with acetic acid and n-butanol.The effects of various parameters such as molar ratio of n-butanol to acetic acid,reaction temperature,reaction time,and catalyst amount have been studied by single factor experiment.The results show that Ce2P2W18O62·16H2O behaved as an excellent heterogeneous catalyst in the synthesis of n-butyl acetate.The optimum synthetic conditions were determined as follows︰molar ratio of n-butanol to acetic acid at 2.0︰1.0,mass of the catalyst being 1.44% of the total reaction mixture,reaction temperature of 120 ℃ and reaction time of 150 min.Under above conditions,the conversion of acetic acid was above 97.8%.The selectivity of n-butyl acetate based on acetic acid was,in all cases,nearly 100%.The catalysts could be recycled and still exhibited high catalytic activity with 90.4% conversion after five cycles of reaction.It was found by means of TG-DTA and Py-IR that the catalyst deactivation was due to the adsorption of a complex of by-product on the active sites on catalysts surface or the catalyst loss in its separation from the products.Compared with using sulfuric acid as catalyst,the present procedure with Ce2P2W18O62·16H2O is a green productive technology due to simple process,higher yield,catalyst recycling and no corrosion for the production facilities.

基于薯蓣皂苷元催化合成N-甲基吲哚孕烯醇酮化合物及其抗肿瘤活性

利用N-甲基吲哚对类固醇药物的前驱体16-脱氢孕烯醇酮乙酸酯(16-DPA)的D环C16位进行修饰,采用ZrCl_4-乙酸乙酯廉价催化体系,合成了16个3β-乙酰氧基-16α-3'-吲哚孕烯醇酮化合物和6个3β-羟基-16α-3'-吲哚孕烯醇酮衍生物.该方法具有收率高、立体选择性好和底物适应性强等优点.通过噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法测试了22个化合物对三阴性乳腺癌细胞(MDA-MB-231)的抗肿瘤活性.初步测试结果表明, 3β-乙酰氧基-16α-3'-吲哚孕烯醇酮化合物6h和6i对MDA-MB-231癌细胞有较好的抑制活性,其半数抑制浓度(IC_(50))分别为18.07和23.22μmol/L;而化合物7a~7f均对MDA-MB-231癌细胞有较好的抑制活性,其中化合物7e的抗肿瘤活性最好,其IC_(50)为12.50μmol/L.目标化合物为药物筛选提供了一定的参考.

Comparison of continuous homogenous azeotropic and pressure-swing distillation for a minimum azeotropic system ethyl acetate/nhexane separation

Continuous homogenous azeotropic distillation(CHAD) and pressure-swing distillation(PSD) are explored to separate a minimum-boiling azeotropic system of ethyl acetate and n-hexane. The CHAD process with acetone as the entrainer and the PSD process with the pressures of 0.1 MPa and 0.6 MPa in two columns are designed and simulated by Aspen Plus. The operating conditions of the two processes are optimized via a sequential modular approach to obtain the minimum total annual cost(TAC). The computational results show that the partially heat integrated pressure-swing distillation(HIPSD) has reduced in the energy cost and TAC by 40.79% and 35.94%, respectively, than the conventional PSD, and has more greatly reduced the energy cost and TAC by 62.61% and 49.26% respectively compared with the CHAD process. The comparison of CHAD process and partially HIPSD process illustrates that the partially HIPSD has more advantages in averting the product pollution, energy saving, and economy.

Reactive dividing-wall column for the co-production of ethyl acetate and n-butyl acetate

Reactive dividing-wall column(RDWC) technology plays a critical role in the energy saving and high efficiency of chemical process.In this article, the process of co-producing ethyl acetate(EA) and n-butyl acetate(BA) with RDWC was studied.BA was not only the product, but also acted as entrainer to remove the water generated by the two esterification reactions.Experiments and simulations of the co-production process were carried out.It was found that the experimental results were in good agreement with the simulation results.Two kinds of RDWC structures(RDWC-FC and RDWC-RS) were proposed, and the co-production process operating parameters of the two types of RDWC were optimized by Aspen Plus respectively.The optimal operating parameters of the RDWC-FC were determined as follows: 0.6 of the reflux ratio of aqueous phase(RR), 0.66 of the vapor split(R_V) and 0.51 of the liquid split(R_L).And the optimal operating parameters of the RDWC-RS were shown as follows: RR was 0.295 and R_V was 0.61.Furthermore, the energy saving analysis of the co-production process was based on the annual output of 10000 tons of EA, compared with the traditional reaction distillation(RD) to prepare EA and BA, the reboiler duty of the RDWC-FC column could save 20.4%, TAC saving 23.6%; RDWC-RS reboiler energy consumption could save 17.0%, TAC 22.2%.

Vapor-Liquid Equilibria for Dimethyl Carbonate-n-Butyl Acetate Binary System at 101.325kPa

1 INTRODUCTIONDimethyl Carbonate(CH_3OCOOCH_3,DMC) is chemical with methyl group (CH3-) and car-bonyl group(-CO-) in its molecule.Dimethyl carbonate can be used to replace the acutelypoisonous dimethyl sulfate and phosgene as methylating and carbonylating agent in the syn-thesization of many useful organic substance,such as aromatic polycarbonates(high

A rate-based method for dynamic analysis and optimal design of reactive extraction: n-Hexyl acetate esterification as an example

The dynamic analysis and optimal design of reactive extraction are challenging due to high nonlinearity of model equations and tough decision of judging criteria. In this work, a dynamic rate-based method is developed on g PROMS platform to get easy access to the solutions of reactive extraction with phase splitting. Based on rigorous criteria, dynamic analysis from initial state to final equilibrium(e.g., evolution of phase composition, mass transfer rate and reaction rate) and optimal design of operating conditions(e.g., extractant dosage and feed molar ratio) are achieved. To illustrate the method, the esterification of n-hexyl acetate is taken as an example. The approach proves to be reliable in the analysis and optimization of the exemplified system, which provides instructive reference for further process design and simulation of reactive extraction.

Starch Grafted Water Resistant Polyvinyl Acetate-Based Wood Adhesive: A Review

Global energy issues and the reliance on hydrocarbon resources have resulted in the reduction of petroleum sources, and the focus of the chemical industries has shifted to substitute raw material sources. The major raw materials used in wood adhesives, such as hydrocarbons like polyvinyl acetate, would be gradually replaced by renewable natural polymers. Currently, polyvinyl alcohol has the limitation of petroleum origin, which is non-economical and it will be replaced by biopolymers. Conventionally available wood adhesive emulsions are colloid-like polyvinyl alcohol stabilized. Starch, being a naturally available polymer, has gained interest from researchers for replacing polyvinyl alcohol as a stabilizer. New research on sustainable, economical, biodegradable, renewable, and environmentally friendly starch grafted polyvinyl acetate emulsion that was synthesized by the graft polymerization of vinyl acetate monomer onto starch. However, starch grafted polyvinyl acetate emulsion-based adhesive’s properties, such as poor water resistance, weak adhesion, delayed drying rate and delayed setting speed, have resulted in limitations in its application as a wood adhesive. A detailed review of starch grafting on vinyl acetate and comonomers like acrylamides, and acrylic acid, and the addition of nano-fillers to enhance the water resistance and performance properties of sustainable adhesives has been explained.

Synthesis,Structure and DFT Calculations of a Novel Copper(Ⅱ)Complex Based on Tert-butyl 2-[N-(tert-butyloxycarbonylmethyl)-2-picolyamino]acetate

A novel copper（Ⅱ） complex with tert-butyl 2-[N-（tert-butyloxycarbonylmethyl）-2-picolyamino]acetate（ampy） was synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR spectrum, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, UV-vis spectrum and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, respectively. A mononuclear copper（II） complex with ampy, [Cu（ampy）Cl2]（1）, was formed irrespective of the metal-to-ligand molar ratios（[Cu2＋]：[ampy] = 0.5：1, 1：1, and 2：1） as a single product. Complex 1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group Pbca with a = 12.343（2）, b = 18.928（3）, c = 20.058（4） A, V = 4686.1（14） A3, Z = 8, Dc = 1.3349（4） g/cm3, F（000） = 1920, S = 1.016, R = 0.0693 and w R = 0.1721 for 3151 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the central copper（II） ion is bound by pyridyl N, tertiary amine N and carbonyl O atoms of the quadridentate ampy as well as two Cl anions, constructing a slightly distorted octahedral geometry. Complex 1 further constructs a stable 3D supramolecular architecture by intermolecular C–H…Cl hydrogen bonds. In addition, the molecular geometry was calculated by density functional theory（DFT/B3LYP） method with the basis sets（6-31＋G（d,p） for H, C, N, O and Cl atoms, and LANL2 DZ for Cu atom, respectively）. The calculated results show that the optimized geometrical parameters are in good agreement with the experimental data. Natural bond orbital（NBO） analysis and frontier molecular orbitals（FMOs） analysis were investigated at the same level.

基于DMC法的α-氨基酸-N-环内酸酐的绿色合成

针对传统方法合成α-氨基酸-N-环内酸酐(NCAs)毒性大、对环境不友好的问题,以氨基酸为原料,以乙酸锌为催化剂,以碳酸二甲酯(DMC)为环化剂,通过“一锅法”高效环保地合成了L-苯丙氨酸-N-羧基环内酸酐(Phe-NCA)、L-天冬氨酸-4-苄酯-羧基环内酸酐(H-Asp-Obzl-NCA)和Nε-苄氧羰基-L-赖氨酸环内酸酐(Cbz-Lys-NCA)等3种新型NCAs。通过GC-MS、NMR、FT-IR等对其进行定性表征;讨论了反应温度、反应物比例等因素对氨基酸转化率与NCAs产率的影响;并通过对比催化剂乙酸锌在反应前后的XPS和XRD等表征,分析乙酸锌的催化机理。结果表明:反应中氨基酸∶去质子碱∶催化剂的摩尔比为1:1.5:0.2,反应分别在160、120、140℃进行8 h后,去质子氨基酸与DMC在乙酸锌的作用下发生甲氧羰基化反应,进一步关环,Phe-NCA、H-Asp-Obzl-NCA和Cbz-Lys-NCA最佳产率可分别达到55.22%、56.30%和46.46%;乙酸锌的催化机理为Zn^(2+)与DMC中的羰基氧进行配位络合后实现氨基酸靶向甲氧羰基化,促进邻近COO-与羰基碳发生亲核取代,从而实现精准关环,得到NCAs。

Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Performance of La-SO_4^(2-)/SBA-15 in Esterification of Acetic Acid with n-Butanol

La-SO42-/SBA-15 was synthesized with various amounts of lanthanum via incipient-wetness impregnation. Characterization was done by X-ray diffraction（XRD）, transmission electron micrographs（TEM）, nitrogen adsorption, FTIR spectroscopic analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and the total amount of acidity of catalyst was estimated by TPD of NH3. The results indicate that lanthanum has been incorporated into SBA-15 molecular sieve. The prepared materials（La-SO42-/SBA-15） keep the highly ordered mesoporous two-dimensional hexagonal structure and do not change the mesoporous channel structure of the support SBA-15. The catalyst showed best catalytic activity in the synthesis of n-butyl acetate. The optimum conditions of the esterification by orthogonal experiments were studied： the molar ratio of n-butanol to acetic acid 1：1.2, the amount of catalyst 7.5%, reaction time 80 min. The yield of n-butyl acetate could reach 93.2% under the optimum conditions. The catalyst was recyclable, cost effective and environmental friendly.

α-Oxo Ketene Dithioacetals Chemistry-A Facile Route to the Synthesis of Fused Heterocyclic Compounds

The fused heterocyclic compounds 2 : imidazo [1.2-a] pyriding 2a-c and pyrido [ 1 .2-a] pyrimidine 2d were obtained from the reaction of α-cinnamoyl ketene dibenzylthio acetals 1 with diamine. When α-cinnamoyl -a'-benzoyl ketene N. N-acetals 3a-b were treated by t-BuONa/t- BuOH Solution. 8- benzoyl-pyrido[1.2-a] pyrimidine 4 was produced.

α-Oxoketene Cyclic S, S-cetals Chemistry-Substitution Reaction of α,α'-Dicinnamoyl Ketene Cyclic S, S-Acetals with Ethylenediamine

α,α'-Dicinnamoyl ketene cyclic S, S-acetals 4 were reacted with ethylenediamine to afford α,α'-dicinnamoyl ketene cyclic N,N-acetals 5. This process provides a new method for thesynthesis of 5 in high yield under mild conditions.

The Microwave-assisted Preparation and X-Ray Structure of 3-Bromocarbazole-N-Acetic Acid

The rapid synthesis of 3-bromocarbarole-N-acetic acid was performed using microwave irradiation. Under the optimal conditions the yield was 85.6% . The crystal structure showed that the carboxylic groups form bifurcated hydrogen bonds and the hydroxyl oxygen atoms serve as proton donors and also acceptor. Each carboxylic group was involved in four hydrogen bonds. The package of crystal was dominated by links of these hydrogen bonds.

MNNG和佛波酯诱导建立结肠癌的恶性转化细胞模型

目的建立结肠癌的恶性转化细胞模型。方法以1-甲基-3-硝基-1-亚硝基胍(MNNG)为启动剂、佛波酯(PMA)为促癌剂,对永生化的正常人结肠上皮细胞(NCM460细胞)进行多代诱导处理。采用MTT实验、细胞克隆形成实验和细胞划痕实验鉴定NCM460细胞恶性转化的倾向性和恶性生物学特征,采用Western blot检测神经钙黏附蛋白(N-cadherin)、转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)和表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)的蛋白表达水平。结果正常NCM460细胞形态为梭形,排列有序,呈单层生长;诱导后的第30代NCM460细胞形态发生显著变化,大小不一,排列紊乱,呈团块状生长。正常NCM460细胞、第17代NCM460细胞、第30代NCM460细胞的增殖能力依次升高,克隆形成数量依次增多,48 h迁移距离和迁移率依次增加或升高(P<0.05)。第30代NCM460细胞中N-cadherin、EGFR、TGF-β1的蛋白表达水平高于正常NCM460细胞(P<0.05)。结论经过MNNG和PMA连续多代诱导处理后,NCM460细胞的生物学功能(增殖、克隆形成和迁移能力)发生明显改变,具备恶性细胞的生物学特征。该模型可用于结肠癌的发病机制和治疗方法研究。

NPA和PX萃取PTA废水中有机物的研究

采用乙酸正丙酯和对二甲苯2种萃取剂处理PTA精制废水,不仅能够有效的回收废水中的有机物,同时也降低了后续污水处理系统的负荷。通过研究萃取剂和分散相的比例以及不同萃取剂条件下对实际废水的处理效果,发现萃取剂与分散相质量流量为1:1时,NPA作为萃取剂效果最好,萃取效率为99.48%。

离子液体凝胶催化剂在合成乙酸正龙脑酯中的应用

乙酸正龙脑酯作为医药中间体,具有广泛用途。无论是传统工艺的酸性催化剂,还是离子液体催化剂都存在催化剂与反应物有效分离困难、不易循环使用的缺点。将具备温敏性的离子液体凝胶作为乙酸正龙脑酯的新型催化剂,可突破离子液体催化酯化反应工业化的技术瓶颈。本工作以离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐、聚乙烯醇、单宁酸为原料,基于超分子组装原理,制备了温敏性离子液体凝胶催化剂。采用流变仪、热重分析仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、核磁共振波谱仪对离子液体凝胶进行表征。结果显示,PVA-Ta-[BMIM]HSO4离子液体凝胶中存在羧酸酯键和氢键,是由咪唑环和苯环的π-π堆积作用构成的混合双网络聚合物,具有较高的机械强度和韧性。以乙酸正龙脑酯为反应模型,考察了离子液体凝胶催化剂的活性,通过单因素实验法优化了离子液体凝胶催化剂合成乙酸正龙脑脂的反应条件,得到反应温度为90℃,反应时间为6 h,α-蒎烯与冰醋酸的物质的量比为1∶1。实验结果表明,该催化剂对温度产生可逆相变响应,高温时反应体系为均相,保证了催化效率,反应结束后降温凝固成为凝胶并析出。离子液体凝胶的催化活性与酸性离子液体的活性差别不大,重复使用五次后,α-蒎烯转化率保持在75%以上,乙酸正龙脑酯的选择性在8.5%以上。