Effect of preparation method on the bimetallic NiCu/SAPO-11 catalysts for the hydroisomerization of n-octane

The bimetallic NiCu/SAPO-11 catalysts were prepared by co-impregnation, sequential impregnation, coprecipitation, and mechanical mixing methods. Powder X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption,temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia, transmission electron microscopy, temperatureprogrammed reduction of hydrogen, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the physicochemical properties of the catalysts. The catalytic performance of the catalysts was assessed by the hydroisomerization of n-octane. Results indicated that the conversion of n-octane and selectivity to n-octane isomers were related to the preparation methods of the catalysts. The catalysts with Ni-Cu alloy effectively restrained the hydrogenolysis reaction that decreases the selectivity of isomerization. The catalyst prepared by the mechanical mixing of NiO and CuO hardly formed Ni-Cu alloy, showing obvious hydrogenolysis and low selectivity to n-octane isomers. The unbalance between the metal and acid sites resulted in the low conversion of n-octane and selectivity to n-octane isomers. Among all the catalysts,the catalyst prepared by the co-impregnation method exhibited high catalytic activity and selectivity to n-octane isomers.

Effect of silicon precursor on silicon incorporation in SAPO-11 and their catalytic performance for hydroisomerization of n-octane on Pt-based catalysts

SAPO-11 molecular sieves were synthesized using silica sol, hydrophilic fumed silica, and tetraethyl orthosilicate（TEOS） as silicon precursors. Their physicochemical properties were characterized using XRD,SEM, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, Py-IR, NH;-TPD, EDS, and;Al,;P,;Si MAS NMR techniques. The catalytic performance was assessed in the hydroisomerization of n-octane. The results showed that the silicon precursors influenced the physicochemical properties and catalytic performance of SAPO-11. SAPO-11 synthesized using hydrophilic fumed silica as silicon precursor showed higher silicon distribution and had more medium acid sites. SAPO-11 synthesized using TEOS as silicon precursor had more silicon content, but more silicon islands formed in its framework. The depolymerization of silicon precursors might affect the silicon content and distribution in SAPO-11. In the hydroisomerization of n-octane, the catalytic activity strongly depended on the number of medium acid sites instead of the number of total acid sites.SAPO-11 synthesized using hydrophilic fumed silica as silicon precursor exhibited higher catalytic activity than the other samples because it has more medium acid sites.

Catalytic performance of Pt/HY-β in n-octane hydroisomerization

A bifunctional catalyst Pt/HY-β was prepared from a bimicroporous composite zeolite Y-β. Characterization results showed that the specific surface area, pore volume, and acid amount of the catalyst Pt/HY-β all decreased compared to the original zeolite. The catalytic performance of this catalyst in n-octane hydroisomerization was investigated in a fixed bed stainless steel tubular reactor. The results showed that at a hydrogen/n-octane volume ratio of 1000, pressure of 0.6 MPa, temperature of 230 ℃ and LHSV of 3 h^-1, the conversion of n-octane, yield of liquid, hydrocracking rate and yield of iso-octane were 52.32%, 88.66%, 12.60%, 39.51%, respectively.

Influences of cerium on structure and catalytic performance of n-heptane hydroisomerization of Ni-HPW/MCM-48

By means of X-ray diffraction（XRD）, N2 adsorption-desorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, NH3-temperature（NH3-TPD）, Py-infrared（Py-IR） and thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry（TG/DTA） techniques, the influences of Ce on the structure, acidity, stability and hydroisomerization performance of Ni-HPW/MCM-48 and Ni-HPW/Ce-MCM-48 catalysts were studied. The results showed that introduction of appropriate content of Ce into MCM-48 could improve the crystallinity, acidity and stability of mesoporous silica. The acidity and stability of the Ni-HPW/Ce-MCM-48 catalyst was also increased. Besides, the catalytic performance of the Ni-HPW/Ce-MCM-48 catalyst for n-heptane hydroisomerization was promoted. The conversion and selectivity of the Ni-HPW/Ce-MCM-48 catalyst reached 41% and 91% respectively at the preparation conditions of 4 wt.% Ni, 20 wt.% HPW, 0.03 Ce/Si molar ratio.

Hydroisomerization performance of platinum supported on ZSM-22/ZSM-23 intergrowth zeolite catalyst

Hydroisomerization catalysts Pt/ZSM-22, Pt/ZSM-23, and Pt/ZSM-22/ZSM-23 were prepared by supporting Pt on ZSM-22, ZSM-23, and intergrowth zeolite ZSM-22/ZSM-23, respectively. The typical physicochemical properties of these catalysts were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction （XRD）, N2 absorption-desorption, Pyridine-Fourier Transform Infrared （Py-FTIR）, Transmission Electron Microscopy （TEM）, X-Ray Fluorescence （XRF）, Scanning Electron Microscopy （SEM） and NH3- Temperature Programmed Desorption （NH3-TPD）, and the performance of these catalysts in n-dodecane hydroisomerization was evaluated in a continuous down-flow fixed bed with a stainless steel tubular reactor. The characterization results indicated that the intergrowth zeolite ZSM-22/ZSM-23 possessed the dual structure of ZSM-22 and ZSM-23, and the catalyst Pt/ZSM-22/ZSM-23 had similar pores and weak acidity to Pt/ZSM-22 and Pt/ZSM-23 catalysts. Moreover, Pt/ZSM-22/ZSM-23 catalyst showed a high selectivity in hydroisomerization of long chain n-alkanes to mono-branched isomers. The evaluation results for n-dodecane hydroisomerization indicated that the activity of Pt/ZSM-22/ZSM-23 was the lowest, while the hydroisomerization selectivity was the highest among the three catalysts. The maximum yield of i-dodecane product was 68.3% over Pt/ZSM-22/ZSM-23 at 320 ℃.

Preparation and Property of Ni/TiO₂-SAPO-11 Catalyst for N-Heptane Isomerization

For enhancing the activity of Ni/TiO2-SAPO-11 catalyst, SAPO-11, the precursor was prepared by hydrothermal crystallization, and TiO2-SAPO-11 complex carrier was prepared by sol-gel method, then Ni/TiO2-SAPO-11 was produced by the final product. The catalytic performance of Ni/TiO2-SAPO-11 was studied in n-heptane isomerization, and the impact of catalyst preparation conditions on n-heptane isomerization was discussed in detail. The results showed that, with 20% of TiO2 composition, 2% of Ni capacity percentage and calcined temperature at 500°C, conversion of n-heptane and isomerization selectivity was up to 40.94% and 88.97% respectively.

Hydroisomerization of n-heptane over bimetal-bearing H_3PW_(12)O_(40) catalysts supported on dealuminated USY zeolite

The bimetal-bearing (CePt or LaPt) 12-tungstophosphoric acid (H3PW12O40 (PW)) catalysts supported on dealuminated USY zeolite (DUSY) were prepared by impregnation and characterized by XRD, BET, IR, and H2-chemisorption. Their catalytic activities were tested in the hydroisomerization of n-heptane with a continuous atmospheric fixed-bed reactor. After the steam treatment combined with the acid leaching, as well as the supporting with PW and the bimetals, the DUSY support retains the Y zeolite porosity and the PW well keeps its Keggin structure in catalysts. The doping of Ce into the catalysts enhances the dispersion of Pt on the catalyst surface. The Pt-bearing PW catalysts doped with Ce or La, especially Ce, exhibit much higher catalytic activity and selectivity than the catalysts without dopants at lowered reaction temperatures. At the optimal reaction conditions, i.e., the reaction temperature of 250℃ and WHSV of 1.4 h1, the catalyst with a Pt loading of 0.4%, PW loading of 10% and a molar ratio of Ce to Pt of 15:1 shows a conversion of n-heptane of 70.3% with a high selectivity for isomerization products of 94.1%.

Ni对Pt/SAPO-11催化剂物化及异构性能影响

通过浸渍法制备了Pt/SAPO-11催化剂,分步浸渍法制备了Ni-Pt/SAPO-11双金属催化剂。通过X射线衍射、低温氮物理吸附、氨程序升温脱附和吡啶吸附红外等手段对所得样品进行了表征。结果表明,助剂Ni的引入导致了催化剂的比表面积和孔容降低,同时,催化剂的B酸量、L酸量及总酸量均有所下降。在340℃时对正庚烷的临氢异构化反应中,当Pt含量0.2wt%时,Pt/SAPO-11催化剂的正庚烷转化率为45%,C7异构体收率为43%;而当Pt含量0.2wt%,同时Ni含量为0.2wt%时,Ni-Pt/SAPO-11催化剂的正庚烷转化率提高至72%,C7异构体收率提高至60%。

正己烷在Zn改性的Pd/HY催化剂上的异构化

通过浸渍法制备了Pd/HY和Pd-Zn/HY催化剂样品,采用BET、红外光谱等方法表征了催化剂的孔结构和表面酸性,考察了不同反应温度下催化剂对正己烷异构化反应的催化性能。结果表明,在Pd/HY催化剂中加入适量的金属Zn可以使其在双功能催化剂中形成“酸/脱氢-加氢/脱附转移”三角位活性中心,使正碳离子中间体能迅速从酸性位上转移下来,减少裂化反应的发生,提高催化剂的异构化产物收率。

Ni-WO_x催化剂上正庚烷的加氢异构化反应

采用浸渍法制备了Ni-WOx催化剂,在常压连续流动固定床反应器上考察了Ni-WOx催化剂对正庚烷加氢异构化反应的催化性能,讨论了焙烧温度、Ni含量、还原温度和反应条件对Ni-WOx催化剂性能的影响,采用X射线衍射对Ni-WOx催化剂进行了表征。实验结果表明,当焙烧温度为800℃、还原温度为525℃、Ni质量分数为2%时,Ni-WOx催化剂的性能较好,催化剂的活性组分主要为WO2。在300℃、正庚烷重时空速0.68h-1、H2流量18mL/min、反应时间6h的条件下,在该催化剂上正庚烷的转化率达到49.39%,异构庚烷选择性达87.34%。正庚烷在该催化剂上按双功能机理进行加氢异构化反应。

NiO/WO_3/TiO_2-Al_2O_3催化正庚烷临氢异构化

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了TiO2-Al2O3复合载体,用分步浸渍法制备了NiO/WO3/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂。在常压连续流动固定床反应器上考察了NiO/WO3/TiO2-Al2O3对正庚烷临氢异构化反应的催化性能。研究了催化剂中WO3含量、Ni含量、焙烧温度和还原温度及催化反应温度对临氢异构化反应的影响。采用XRD和BET方法对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,当w(WO3)=25%、w(Ni)=10%时,所制备的NiO/WO3/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂对正庚烷异构化反应的催化性能最好,活性可达15.50%,选择性可达84.06%。

Ni_2P/Al_2O_3-SAPO-11催化剂的原位磷化法制备及其加氢异构化反应性能

以三苯基膦为磷化剂,采用原位磷化法制备具有较高分散性的Ni_2P/Al_2O_3-SAPO-11催化剂,通过低温N2吸附-脱附、XRD、HRTEM、NH_3-TPD和Py-IR等对催化剂晶相结构、微观形貌和酸性质进行表征。以正十四烷为模型化合物,考察SAPO-11含量及工艺条件对正十四烷加氢异构化性能的影响。结果表明,最佳SAPO-11质量分数为40%,优化的工艺条件为:反应温度360℃,反应压力2 MPa,体积空速1. 5 h-1,氢烃体积比300,该条件下,正十四烷转化率为78. 1%,异构化选择性为89. 2%。

Ni-WO_x催化剂上正辛烷加氢异构化反应性能的研究

采用浸渍法制备Ni-WOx催化剂,在常压连续流动固定床反应器上考察了Ni-WOx催化剂上正辛烷加氢异构化的催化性能。讨论了焙烧温度、Ni的含量、还原条件和反应条件对催化剂性能的影响,对Ni-WOx催化剂进行了XRD和BET表征。实验结果表明,在Ni-WOx催化剂上,焙烧温度为800℃,还原温度为525℃,反应温度为275℃,Ni-WOx催化剂对正辛烷异构化反应的转化率达到58.17%,同时其异构化选择性达到87.33%。通过XRD表征推测催化剂的活性相主要为WO2,正辛烷在Ni-WOx催化剂上是按照传统的双功能机理进行反应的。

NiP改性Hβ分子筛的正辛烷临氢异构化和芳构化性能

以正辛烷作为反应模型化合物,在连续微型反应器上考察了经Ni和P改性的Hβ分子筛的临氢异构化和芳构化性能,并探讨了不同Ni、P含量对Hβ表面酸性的影响。实验表明,Ni的引入使Hβ表面B酸减少,L酸增加,反应活性提高。转化率随着Ni含量的增加而增加,液相产物及临氢异构化和芳构化选择性下降,适宜的Ni质量分数为1 5%～2 0%;P的引入有利于进一步调变Ni/Hβ的B酸和L酸分布,抑制积碳并延长催化剂寿命,适宜的P质量分数为1 7%～2 5%;Ni金属硫化态与氧化态、还原态相比,硫化态较适合于长链烷烃的临氢异构化和芳构化反应。

正庚烷在Ni_2P/SAPO-11催化剂上的加氢异构化反应性能

采用次磷酸镍过量浸渍-分解法制备了Ni_2P/SAPO-11催化剂,通过低温N2吸附-脱附、XRD、HRTEM等分析手段对催化剂进行了表征。以正庚烷为原料,在固定床微反装置上考察了反应条件、Ni_2P负载量对正庚烷加氢异构化反应性能的影响,并与Pt/SAPO-11催化剂进行了对比。结果表明:Ni_2P/SAPO-11催化剂具有与Pt基催化剂相当的异构化选择性,但异构化活性和芳构化选择性较低;Ni最佳负载量(w)为4%,优化的反应条件为:反应温度400℃、压力0.5 MPa、氢烃体积比500、体积空速1h^(-1),在此条件下正庚烷的转化率为73.0%,异构化选择性为90%。

Ni/SAPO—11分子筛催化剂的制备与异构化性能研究

采用水热合成法制备了SAPO—11分子筛,以SAPO—11分子筛为载体,制备了Ni/SAPO—11分子筛催化剂。研究了催化剂上正庚烷的异构化反应。详细讨论了催化剂的制备条件、还原条件及反应条件的改变对庚烷异构化反应性能的影响。结果表明,2%Ni/SAPO—11分子筛催化剂对正庚烷异构化反应具有较好的异构化性能。当镍负载量为2%,还原时间为4 h,还原温度为430℃时,催化剂的性能最好,转化率为61.67%时,异构化选择性能够达到70.67%。

柠檬酸改性制备NiCu/SAPO-11催化剂及其加氢性能

为了研究柠檬酸对NiCu/SAPO-11催化剂的结构和临氢异构性能影响,通过柠檬酸改性制备一系列的NiCu/SAPO-11催化剂。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、N2吸附-脱附、NH_(3)程序升温脱附(NH_(3)-TPD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和氢气程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等技术对催化剂进行表征。以正十六烷(n-C16)为模型化合物,研究催化剂在固定床反应器中的临氢异构性能。结果表明,柠檬酸改性可以增强金属的分散性,可以使催化剂具有更大的比表面积和孔体积,暴露出更多的酸性位点,从而增加催化剂的催化活性。在温度为340℃、空速为1.5 h-1、压力为1.5 MPa、氢气和n-C16体积比V(H2):V(n-C16)为1 000的条件下,正十六烷的转化率,异构十六烷(i-C16)的选择性和收率分别为95.67%,94.89%和90.78%。

Physicochemical and isomerization property of Pt/SAPO-11 catalysts promoted by rare earths

Monometallic catalyst Pt/SAPO-11 was prepared by impregnation method.Bimetallic catalysts LaPt/SAPO-11 or CePt/SAPO-11 was prepared by sequential impregnation method.The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),nitrogen adsorption,temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia(NH3-TPD),and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) techniques.The results showed that with the addition of rare earths the BET surface areas,pore volume,the amount of Bronsted acid and the total acidity of catalys...

ZSM-22分子筛合成及其正十二烷烃临氢异构化性能:模板剂和动态晶化的影响

以二乙胺(DEA)或1,6-己二胺(DAH)为模板剂,分别在静态或动态条件下合成具有不同形貌和聚集状态的ZSM-22分子筛,采用XRD、SEM、EDS、TEM、NH3-TPD及N2吸附/脱附表征手段对其进行表征分析。并负载Pt在Al2O3上和ZSM-22机械混合制备双功能催化剂,考察其正十二烷的临氢异构化反应性能。结果表明,模板剂和动态晶化会改变ZSM-22分子筛的形貌及聚集状态,并且会影响其酸性、比表面积和临氢异构活性。其中,以二乙胺为模板剂,静态晶化72h合成的ZSM-22具有最优的催化性能,在310℃反应温度下,正十二烷异构化转化率为66%时,异构十二烷的选择性达到90%。但是,模板剂及动态晶化条件对单支链异构体的产物分布影响较小,异构体产物以支链靠近端位的2-甲基十一烷为主,且随着反应温度升高,2-甲基异构体选择性明显降低。

两步晶化合成ZSM-22分子筛及其临氢异构反应性能

采用两步晶化法,通过调节加入铝源的时间合成了一系列ZSM-22分子筛,并对其酸性位点的分布进行调控。采用XRD、SEM、N2吸附/脱附、NH3-TPD、FTIR、Py-IR、ICP、TEM-EDS等表征方法对其物相、形貌、织构性质、酸性和元素进行表征分析。结果表明,第二步晶化时,加入铝源,在模板剂诱导作用下,促使第一步晶化后高硅ZSM-22表面未晶化的无定形硅酸盐原位合成了ZSM-22分子筛,使高硅ZSM-22表面生长一层低硅铝比ZSM-22分子筛,从而使分子筛的酸性位点发生改变。制备了Pt负载双功能催化剂,研究其正十二烷的临氢异构化反应性能。结果表明,两步晶化ZSM-22分子筛可以抑制微孔内的裂化反应,获得更高异构产物选择性,其中S6-C在330℃时,转化率为89.3%,选择性89.4%,产率79.8%。通过两步晶化方式合成的ZSM-22分子筛,活性位点更多地位于分子筛的外表面和孔口附近,进而改变其异构体产物的分布,降低支链位于碳链端位异构体的比例,更倾向于生成支链位于碳链中间位置的异构体,S12-C的2-甲基十一烷分布比例比常规ZSM-22降低10%左右。